Download or read book Geophysical Investigation of Groundwater Hydrothermal Water Interaction in Sentinel Meadows Yellowstone National Park written by Natalie Smeltz and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hydrothermal system in Yellowstone National Park offers a unique opportunity to study the complex interaction between the magmatically-driven, superheated fluids and meteorically sourced water in the near subsurface. This study aims to image the geologic structure, conduits for hydrothermal fluid flow, and investigate mixing between hot hydrothermal fluids and cold meteoric water below Sentinel Meadows, a hydrothermally influenced drainage in Lower Geyser Basin. To do this we employ the use of electrical resistivity and seismic refraction lines, ground-based magnetics, and airborne electromagnetics. We address the following questions: 1) What are the large-scale spatial relationships between ascending hydrothermal fluids and geologic units? 2) Where does the hydrothermal water feeding Sentinel Meadows originate? 3) Does mixing of hydrothermal water and cold meteorically derived groundwater in Sentinel Meadows occur prior to discharge at the hot springs? 4) Are the cold springs at the margin of Sentinel Meadows the result of mixing waters? From our geophysical investigation we find that cold springs are likely connected to the shallow groundwater system and subsurface impermeable rhyolites have partial control over the large-scale flow paths of hydrothermal fluids. We compare the geophysical results and spatial relations of the hot springs to Cl− and SO42− concentrations in Yellowstone waters to determine that cold springs are not the result of mixing waters and mixing occurs prior to discharge in all hot springs in Sentinel Meadows. From our interpretations we propose an updated conceptual model for Sentinel Meadows showing the interactions between the shallow cold meteoric water and hot hydrothermal waters.
Download or read book A Multitracer Approach for Characterizing Interactions Between Shallow Groundwater and the Hydrothermal System in the Norris Geyser Basin Area Yellowstone National Park written by W. Payton Gardner and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple environmental tracers are used to investigate age distribution, evolution, and mixing in local- to regional-scale groundwater circulation around the Norris Geyser Basin area in Yellowstone National Park. Springs ranging in temperature from 3°C to 90°C in the Norris Geyser Basin area were sampled for stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen, major and minor element chemistry, dissolved chlorofluorocarbons, and tritium. Groundwater near Norris Geyser Basin is comprised of two distinct systems: a shallow, cool water system and a deep, high-temperature hydrothermal system. These two end-member systems mix to create springs with intermediate temperature and composition. Using multiple tracers from a large number of springs, it is possible constrain the distribution of possible flow paths and refine conceptual models of groundwater circulation in and around a large, complex hydrothermal system.
Download or read book Surface Water groundwater Interaction and Chemistry in a Mineral armored Hydrothermal Outflow Channel Yellowstone National Park USA written by Matthew V. Vitale and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small quantities of groundwater interact with hydrothermal surface water to drive in-stream geochemical processes in a silica-armored hot-spring outflow channel in Yellowstone National Park, USA. The objective of this study was to characterize the hydrology and geochemistry of this unique system in order to (1) learn more about the Yellowstone Plateau?s subsurface water mixing between meteoric and hydrothermal waters and (2) learn more about the chemical and physical processes that lead to accumulation of streambed cements, i.e., streambed armor. A combination of hydrological, geochemical, mineralogical, microscopic, and petrographic techniques were used to identify groundwater and surface-water exchange. Interaction could be identified in winter because of differences in surface water and groundwater composition but interaction at other times of the year cannot be ruled out. Dissolved constituents originating from groundwater (e.g., Fe(II) and Mg) were traced downstream until oxidation and/or subsequent precipitation with silica removed them, particularly where high affinity substrates like cyanobacterial surfaces were present. Because the stream lies in a relatively flat drainage basin and is fed mainly by a seasonally relatively stable hot spring, this system allowed study of the chemical processes along a stream without the obscuring effects of sedimentation.
Download or read book Geophysical Investigation of the Yellowstone Hydrothermal System written by Kira A. Dickey and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yellowstone National Park hosts over 10,000 thermal features (e.g. geysers, fumaroles, mud pots, and hot springs), yet little is known about the hydrothermally active zones hundreds of meters beneath the features. Transient electromagnetic (TEM) soundings and 2D direct current (DC) resistivity profiles show that hydrothermal alteration at active sites have a higher electrical conductivity than the surrounding hydrothermally inactive areas. For that reason, airborne TEM is an effective method to characterize large areas and identify hydrothermally active and inactive zones using electrical conductivity. Here we present results from an airborne TEM survey acquired jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Wyoming in November, 2016. We integrate resistivity from the airborne electromagnetic (EM) survey with research drillhole data and rock physics models to investigate the controls on electrical conductivity in the upper few hundreds of meters of the Yellowstone hydrothermal system. Resistivities in Yellowstone are the product of complex variations of lithology, temperature, salinity, clay content, and hydrothermal fluids. Results show that the main drivers in lowering the high resistivitiy of volcanic rocks are water saturation and hydrothermal alteration. Salinities are not significantly elevated in Yellowstone and temperature is not a first order affect.
Download or read book Mixing of Hydrothermal Water and Groundwater Near Hot Springs Yellowstone National Park USA Hydrology and Geochemistry written by Matthew L. Gibson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of hot springs have focused mainly on the properties of fluids and solids. Fewer studies focus on the relationship between the hot springs and groundwater/surface-water environments. The differences in temperature and dissolved solids between hot-spring water and typical surface water and groundwater allow interactions to be traced. Electromagnetic terrain (EMT) conductivity is a nonintrusive technique capable of mapping mixing zones between distinct subsurface waters. These interactions include zones of groundwater/surface-water exchange and groundwater mixing. Herein, hydrogeological techniques are compared with EMT conductivity to trace hot-spring discharge interactions with shallow groundwater and surface water. Potentiometric-surface and water-quality data determined the hydrogeochemistry of two thermally influenced areas in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (USA). Data from the sites revealed EMT conductivity contrasts that reflected the infiltration of conductive hot-spring discharge to local groundwater systems. The anomalies reflect higher temperatures and conductivity for Na+?Cl?-rich hydrothermal fluids compared to the receiving groundwater. EMT conductivity results suggested hot springs are fed by conduits largely isolated from shallow groundwater; mixing of waters occurs after hot-spring discharge infiltrates groundwater from the surface and, generally, not by leakage in the subsurface. A model was proposed to explain the growth of sinter mounds.
Download or read book U Series Geochronology and the Age of Steep Cone Sentinel Meadows Yellowstone National Park written by Shauna N. Bladt and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Natural hydrothermal systems have strong potential as sources of energy and mineral resources, as well as origins of geologic hazards, and so it is not surprising that they are becoming increasingly prominent and necessary targets for scientific investigation. The large extent and variety of features in the hydrothermal system of Yellowstone National Park make it a unique and favorable location for such research. A major gap in modern understanding of these hydrothermal systems is the lack of knowledge of the timescales of hydrothermal processes. How old are the hydrothermal sinter deposits in Yellowstone and how long does a thermal pool or geyser remain constantly or periodically acative before it becomes extinct?" -- First Paragraph.
Download or read book High resolution Mapping of River hydrothermal Water Mixing written by M. Bayani Cardenas and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal mixing in rivers is a common geophysical phenomenon that controls myriad processes, from aquatic ecological functions to stream and groundwater biogeochemistry. We present high-resolution remotely-sensed temperature distributions of thermal plumes discharging into rivers collected from Yellowstone National Park. Airborne (4 m pixel size) and ground-based (centimetre or better spatial resolution) images corroborate the presence of these mixing zones. They illustrate that thermal discharges in rivers may not be well-mixed with the bulk flow even after traversing distances corresponding to several stream widths. This allows for large thermal gradients (>30°C) to persist between the thermal discharge and the bulk flow. The plumes may have pronounced internal temperature gradients that vary in space and time. The images illustrate the potential of portable high-resolution sensors not only for acquiring observations needed for fundamental understanding of non-isothermal mixing processes but also for providing temperature distributions necessary for understanding many thermally-mediated processes.
Download or read book Geophysical Investigations of Geyser Structure and Eruption Dynamics at Spouter Geyser Yellowstone National Park written by Daniel A. Ciraula and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yellowstone National Park is home to roughly 500 geysers, making it the most concentrated geyser field in the world and the perfect environment to study these features. Recent studies explore the mechanics of geyser eruptions through laboratory models, focusing on a “bubble trap” hypothesis of eruption initiation where trapped vapors in a laterally offset cavity over-pressurize the system and initiate an eruption event. However, the subsurface geometry of geysers remains uncertain, and models are constructed with simplistic geometries. In this study, I present results from active geophysical surveys to image subsurface geyser structure and constrain the geophysical response of the hydrothermal reservoir of Spouter Geyser, Yellowstone National Park. Furthermore, I build on the structural findings and explore geyser eruption dynamics by measuring the hydrothermal fluid and vapor flux through the structure during the geyser eruption and recharge phases with time-lapse geophysical methods. Through the geophysical investigation, I interpret the shallow geyser conduit structures to ~15 m depth, connecting the geyser surface vents to a low porosity hydrothermal reservoir structure approximately 50 m in diameter and located northeast of Spouter Geyser at depths greater than 15 m. The results of the time-lapse geophysics support the bubble trap model of eruption initiation at Spouter Geyser by identifying changes in water content through the eruption and recharge phases, vapor buildup at the top of the laterally offset hydrothermal reservoir during the recharge phase, and a “flash eruption zone” within the hydrothermal reservoir where the superheated fluids first vaporize.
Download or read book Knowing Yellowstone written by Jerry Johnson and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2010-06-16 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visitors to Yellowstone National Park are drawn to the spectacular scenery, unique thermal features, and the large numbers of wild animals easily observed in their natural habitat. The thoughtful visitor to the park cannot help but be captivated by the unparalleled breadth of scientific knowledge needed to understand the intricate interrelationships that make up the yellowstone landscape. Knowing Yellowstone explores how scientists discover what they know about America's first national park and the surrounding lands. The chapter authors are scientists who represent the best of their fields of study. The science they describe is leading the way to our understanding of complex ecosystems worldwide.
Download or read book Windows into the Earth written by Robert B. Smith and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-05-25 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of years ago, the North American continent was dragged over the world's largest continental hotspot, a huge column of hot and molten rock rising from the Earth's interior that traced a 50-mile wide, 500-mile-long path northeastward across Idaho. Generating cataclysmic volcanic eruptions and large earthquakes, the hotspot helped lift the Yellowstone Plateau to more than 7,000 feet and pushed the northern Rockies to new heights, forming unusually large glaciers to carve the landscape. It also created the jewel of the U.S. national park system: Yellowstone. Meanwhile, forces stretching apart the western U.S. created the mountainous glory of Grand Teton National Park. These two parks, with their majestic mountains, dazzling geysers, and picturesque hot springs, are windows into the Earth's interior, revealing the violent power of the dynamic processes within. Smith and Siegel offer expert guidance through this awe-inspiring terrain, bringing to life the grandeur of these geologic phenomena as they reveal the forces that have shaped--and continue to shape--the greater Yellowstone-Teton region. Over seventy illustrations--including fifty-two in full color--illuminate the breathtaking beauty of the landscape, while two final chapters provide driving tours of the parks to help visitors enjoy and understand the regions wonders. Fascinating and informative, this book affords us a striking new perspective on Earth's creative forces.
Download or read book The Antiquities Act of 1906 written by Ronald F. Lee and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Manual of Applied Field Hydrogeology written by Willis D. Weight and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2001 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation.
Download or read book Hydrogeology Field Manual 2e written by Willis D. Weight and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2008-01-28 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dramatically Improve Your Hydrogeology Field Skills and Master New Advances in Groundwater Science The Second Edition of Hydrogeology Field Manual provides the latest information on applied applications in groundwater sampling and water-quality assessment, aquifer characterization, contamination issues, karst applications, and more. The book includes actual procedures, real-world decisions, and many examples and case studies to help you understand the occurrence and movement of groundwater in a variety of geologic settings. Filled with tips, tricks-of-the-trade, and anecdotes from seasoned field hydrogeologists, the book explains how to gain instant expertise in most field methodologies and expand your abilities for data interpretation ...and other essential skills. The Second Edition of Hydrogeology Field Manual features: Sage advice on how to collect hydrogeologic field data Guidance on drilling methods, safety, and work with drilling contractors A practical description of slug testing Effective site characterization methods Expert advice on monitoring-well design Over 250 skills-building illustrations and photos Two new chapters on karst hydrogeology, including characterization and performing dye tracer tests All chapters have new material, including more examples and worked problems If you are still in college, a recent graduate, or a working professional needing a ready reference to assist you with field-related matters, this is your book. Experienced hydrogeologists and those in related fields will also welcome the practical time-saving and trouble-avoidance tips. Capitalize on Cutting-Edge Techniques of Field Hydrogeology • Field Hydrogeology • The Geology of Hydrogeology • Aquifer Properties • Basic Geophysics of the Shallow Subsurface • Groundwater Flow • Groundwater/Surface Water Interaction • Water Chemistry Sampling and Results • Drilling and Well Completion • Pumping Tests • Aquifer Hydraulics • Slug Testing • Vadose Zone • Karst Hydrogeology • Tracer Tests • Dye Trace Testing
Download or read book National Water Summary written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Why Forests Why Now written by Frances Seymour and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2016-12-27 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical forests are an undervalued asset in meeting the greatest global challenges of our time—averting climate change and promoting development. Despite their importance, tropical forests and their ecosystems are being destroyed at a high and even increasing rate in most forest-rich countries. The good news is that the science, economics, and politics are aligned to support a major international effort over the next five years to reverse tropical deforestation. Why Forests? Why Now? synthesizes the latest evidence on the importance of tropical forests in a way that is accessible to anyone interested in climate change and development and to readers already familiar with the problem of deforestation. It makes the case to decisionmakers in rich countries that rewarding developing countries for protecting their forests is urgent, affordable, and achievable.
Download or read book Water Security in the Mediterranean Region written by Andrea Scozzari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-09-08 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of water in our communities, from local to regional and right up to global levels, poses a series of key questions about climate change, about the anthropogenic impact on the environment, and about all the interconnected actions and events that affect the availability and quality of the resource. All these questions share a common demand for more scientific knowledge and information. In this particular context the disciplinary boundaries are fading, and there is a growing need to create broader connections and wider collaborative interdisciplinary groups, aimed at building an integrated knowledge-base to serve not only stakeholders but also the whole of society. Only in this way can we hope to respond effectively to the challenges and changing dynamics of human-hydrologic systems. Following this concept, contributors from multiple disciplinary backgrounds, such as Law Studies, Hydrogeology, Monitoring and Information Technologies, Geophysics, Geochemistry, Environmental Sciences, Systems Engineering, Economics and Social Studies, joined forces and interacted in this workshop. The present book reports the proceedings of this three-day ARW (Advanced Research Workshop), and explores different aspects of the environmental security assessment process, focusing on the assessment, monitoring and management of water resources, and giving an overview of the related scientific knowledge.
Download or read book Guidelines for Protected Areas Legislation written by Barbara J. Lausche and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2011 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central aim of this publication is to consider the key elements of a modern, comprehensive, and effective legal framework for successful management of protected areas. They provide practical guidance for all those involved in developing, improving, or reviewing national legislation on protected areas, be they legal drafters and practitioners, protected area managers, interested NGOs, or scholars. These guidelines include fifteen case studies, eight dealing with the protected area legislation of individual countries and six cases dealing with specific sites providing fundamental solutions that stand the test of time.
