Download or read book Geology of Some Caves in Pendleton County West Virginia written by Christopher Swezey and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Geologic Control Development and Survey of Short Cave in Pendleton County West Virginia written by Virgil Allen Dove and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book West Virginia Geological Survey written by and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Guide to Some of the Geological Features of Pendleton County West Virginia and Highland County Virginia written by Edward B. Nuhfer and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pendleton County written by West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey written by West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey and published by . This book was released on 1899 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reports written by West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey written by and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Caverns of West Virginia written by W. E. Davies and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural and Hydrological Influences on the Evolution of Hellhole Cave Pendleton County West Virginia written by Daniel Zinz and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hellhole is an extensive (32 kilometer) cave system developed within Germany Valley (Pendleton County, West Virginia) on the flank of the Wills Mountain Anticline. The area can be described as a mature karst aquifer on the transitional margin of the Appalachian Plateau and Valley and Ridge physiographic provinces. Hellhole is the most extensive and deepest (158 meters) of several mapped caves in the area (others include Memorial Day Cave and Schoolhouse Cave). The upper bounding lithology is the McGlone Limestone. The cave penetrates through the Big Valley Formation and in to the New Market Limestone, a high purity unit that is mined locally. Faulting and folding are prominently exposed in several passages, but did not affect passage development in a noticeable way. The entrance sinkhole opens in to a large room, however, the morphology of the room suggests that the room formed the entrance by the intersection of passages followed by a vertical shaft intersecting from the surface. Passage orientation and strike of the bedrock are nearly identical (N25°E). Lower passages are generally down dip from upper (older) passages. Cave sediment and paleomagnetic analysis reveals that the minimum age of sediments analyzed are 1.070 million years old. Three hundred measurements of wall scallops show that paleowaters in the Western section flowed southwest (1.1 cubic meters per second). Paleoflow from the Southern portion of the cave flowed northward (0.94 meters cubic meters per second), and flow in the Northern section flowed southward (1.0 cubic meters per second). Most passages are 50 to 100 meters below the present land surface. Most of the cave appears to have formed under phreatic conditions, but the presence of thick clastic sediments in some locations attests to vadose invasion.
Download or read book Caves and Karst of the Greenbrier Valley in West Virginia written by William B. White and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this book is on the more than 2000 caves of the Greenbrier Valley of West Virginia of which the 14 with lengths greater than 10 km have an aggregate length of 639 km. The major caves form the core part of sub-basins which drain to big springs and ultimately to the Greenbrier River. Individual chapters of this book describe each of the major caves and its associated drainage basin. The caves are formed in the Mississippian Greenbrier Limestone in a setting of undulating gentle folds. Fractures, lineaments and confining layers within the limestone are the main controlling factors. The caves underlie an extensive sinkhole plain which may relate to a major erosion surface. The caves are habitat for both aquatic and terrestrial organisms which are cataloged and described as are the paleontological remains found in some of the caves. The sinkhole plain of the Greenbrier karst and the underlying complex of cave systems are the end result of at least a ten million year history of landscape evolution which can be traced through the evolving sequence of cave passages and which is described in this book.
Download or read book Pendleton County written by West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Igneous Rocks of Pendleton County West Virginia written by Thomas Edward Garnar and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geology of the Smoke Hole Region in Grant and Pendleton Counties West Virginia written by Roy Stephen Sites and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book County Reports and Maps written by West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Speleogenesis of Shoveleater Cave Pendleton County West Virginia written by Gayle E. Harman and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shoveleater Cave of the Hellhole System is located in Germany Valley, Pendleton County, West Virginia. The Wills Mountain Anticline is breached here, exposing Ordovician limestones. Although currently dry, Shoveleater Cave retains evidence of its genesis and history that can help develop a thorough understanding of karst, both past and present in Germany Valley. This study investigated structural controls of cave formation, present day hydrology, and paleohydrology. It was hypothesized that the development of the vertical shafts of Shoveleater Cave is controlled by fracturing of the rock that hosts the cave. This was explored by comparing the locations of shafts with fractures measured in the field or found through aerial photography interpretation. Shafts coincided with fracturing in two cases. Bedding and fracture measurements taken in and above the cave were compared to the orientations of cave passages. Statistically, two times more passage length was bedding-controlled than fracture-controlled. It was hypothesized that the existence of a kink in the Wills Mountain Anticline is responsible for fracturing the rock that hosts Shoveleater Cave. Bedding was measured along the anticline limbs to determine if a bend in the ridge line of North Fork Mountain, which bounds Germany Valley to the east, was evidence of a structural kink in the anticline. A minor change in bedding strike near the bend did not account for the 9° horizontal bend in the ridge line. Instead, a slight change in bedding strike and dip, due to the anticline plunging at both ends of Germany Valley, caused inconsistent erosion of the ridge line. Dip was steeper to the north, possibly resulting in differential weathering along the ridge line. The present hydrology in Germany Valley precludes Shoveleater Cave from receiving allogenic recharge. Surface streams sink into swallets feeding Silent Stream of Hellhole prior to reaching Shoveleater Cave. It was hypothesized that paleo water flow in the southern portion of Shoveleater Cave resurged at Judy Spring by way of Silent Stream of the Southern Extension of Hellhole. Analysis of scallops and passage morphology produced an interpretation of the paleohydrology from when the cave was actively forming. Scallop surveys determined that recharge during the phreatic stage came from the northeast, northwest and southwest, converged in Hellhole Hall at the center of the cave, and then flowed southeast, exiting the cave. Paleoflow was toward Silent Stream of Hellhole, but at a higher elevation than the stream. It is unknown whether the water in Shoveleater Cave flowed to Judy Spring. Phreatic flow averaging 6 cm/s formed the main branches of the cave, which cut through bedding to create a level at 678 m elevation. Recharge also entered the main southwest branches from below, creating hemispherical chambers in a east-west trending passage and an ascending channel connecting to the main branch above. Vadose infiltration did little to modify the main branches, except in the southeast branch where a large canyon dissects the usually level passage. A vadose canyon connected to the northeastern branch meanders down bedding dip. The vadose passage contains euhedral quartz crystals, which may be evidence of hypogene development. Today the water table is 140 m lower than during the formation of the main branches of the cave. Base level in the valley is controlled by the elevation of Judy Spring, which is currently at the base of the central water gap of Germany Valley.
Download or read book Caves of the Organ Cave Plateau written by Paul J. Stevens and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
