Download or read book Geography Mobility Work Venue Health Care seeking Behaviors and Other Factors Associated with Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Female Sex Workers written by Carolina Mejia and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6 written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book The Global HIV Epidemics among Sex Workers written by Deanna Kerrigan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-12-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A global economic analysis of HIV infection amongst sex workers, finding that evidence based and rights affirming interventions are not implemented to the level that their efficacy warrants, and that doing so at scale would be cost effective and deliver significant returns on investment.
Download or read book Sexually Transmitted Infections written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2021-12-24 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One in five people in the United States had a sexually transmitted infection (STI) on any given day in 2018, totaling nearly 68 million estimated infections. STIs are often asymptomatic (especially in women) and are therefore often undiagnosed and unreported. Untreated STIs can have severe health consequences, including chronic pelvic pain, infertility, miscarriage or newborn death, and increased risk of HIV infection, genital and oral cancers, neurological and rheumatological effects. In light of this, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, through the National Association of County and City Health Officials, commissioned the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to examine the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections in the United States and provide recommendations for action. In 1997, the Institute of Medicine released a report, The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Although significant scientific advances have been made since that time, many of the problems and barriers described in that report persist today; STIs remain an underfunded and comparatively neglected field of public health practice and research. The committee reviewed the current state of STIs in the United States, and the resulting report, Sexually Transmitted Infections: Advancing a Sexual Health Paradigm, provides advice on future public health programs, policy, and research.
Download or read book Sex Work Health and Human Rights written by Shira M. Goldenberg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-28 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of the health inequities and human rights issues faced by sex workers globally across diverse contexts, and outlines evidence-based strategies and best practices. Sex workers face severe health and social inequities, largely as the result of structural factors including punitive and criminalized legal environments, stigma, and social and economic exclusion and marginalization. Although previous work has largely emphasized an elevated burden and gaps in HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) services in sex work, less attention has been paid to the broader health and human rights concerns faced by sex workers. This contributed volume addresses this gap. The chapters feature a variety of perspectives including academic, community, implementing partners, and government to synthesize research evidence as well as lessons learned from local-level experiences across different regions, and are organized under three parts: Burden of health and human rights inequities faced by sex workers globally, including infectious diseases (e.g., HIV, STIs), violence, sexual and reproductive health, and drug use Structural determinants of health and human rights, including legislation, law enforcement, community engagement, intersectoral collaboration, stigma, barriers to health access, im/migration issues, and occupational safety and health Evidence-based services and best practices at various levels ranging from individual and community to policy-level interventions to identify best practices and avenues for future research and interventions Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights is an essential resource for researchers, policy-makers, governments, implementing partners, international organizations and community-based organizations involved in research, policies, or programs related to sex work, public health, social justice, gender-based violence, women's health and harm reduction.
Download or read book Addressing the Sexually Transmitted Infections Epidemic in the United States A Sociomedical Perspective written by Christopher Williams and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-12-04 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have significantly increased in the United States. Per-capita estimates reveal approximately 68 million prevalent and 26 million incident STIs nationally. Gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia—the three reportable STIs—reached levels not seen in the last fifty years and this resurgence is concurrent with increasing antimicrobial resistance and a dearth of viable candidates in the vaccine pipeline. A seminal report by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Sexually Transmitted Infections: Adopting a Sexual Health Paradigm, confirms that STIs rank among the most pressing and intractable public health threats. Furthermore, rising rates of STIs exact a substantial societal, medical, and economic burden that strain public health capacity, which has been substantially debilitated in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. STIs can have serious consequences for sexual, reproductive, and overall health. Untreated syphilis, for instance, is directly implicated in neurological, cardiovascular, and dermatological disease. Human papillomavirus is a known cause of cervical cancer and is the most common cancer among women globally. Hepatitis B increases risk for cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. Despite reductions in HIV transmission and improvements in prevention and treatment, infections among women, girls, adolescents, and mother-to-child transmission remain unacceptably high. Marginalized racial/ethnic minorities, LGBTQ persons, vulnerable at-risk adolescents and young adults, and other underrepresented populations are more susceptible to STIs as they negotiate an array of factors that can delay and even preclude access to preventive interventions. The United States spends substantially more on STI prevention and treatment yet it consistently bares a disproportionate burden of sexually transmitted infections compared to other Western industrialized nations. Access to healthcare, erosion and diversion of public health capacity, racism, discrimination, stigma, substandard education, and poverty have all been identified as important contributors to the trajectory of acute sexually transmitted infections. Furthermore, upstream drivers such as national, state, and local public health policies have been associated with population-level STI risk, prevention, and treatment and as such offer opportunities for ecological, observational, and multi-level analyses to assess their direct and indirect impact on sexual health outcomes. In this thematic collection, we aim to present an interdisciplinary collection of high-quality articles centered on the premise that the rise of emerging and re-emerging STIs can be attributed, in part, to a complex interaction of sociomedical factors beyond individual behavioral risk profiles. This Research Topic welcomes a variety of manuscript formats including original research, brief reports, systematic reviews, and perspective manuscripts involving sociomedical factors, social determinants of health, health disparities, infectious disease epidemiology, and other drivers including health policies that act as barriers and facilitators of effective STI prevention and treatment. Manuscripts that examine structural, community, institutional, interpersonal, and broad individual factors linked to STIs are very well suited for this collection. Topic areas include, but are not limited to: • Structural racism, discrimination, and stigma and their influence on prevention, treatment, and support services among vulnerable and marginalized populations; • Housing and income insecurity that impede sexual, reproductive, and overall health; • Biological factors that affect the spread of STIs including their asymptomatic nature and the influence of sex as a biological variable; • Intimate partner violence, harassment, and intimidation; • Substance abuse, sex work, sexual networks, and normative sexual attitudes and beliefs that impede the adoption of preventive health-promoting behaviors; • Priority populations including adolescents, men who have sex with men, youth who are LGBTQ, and the incarcerated; • Impact of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake on STI incidence; • Culturally-specific biopsychosocial, behavioral, and community-based STI interventions to treat and support those afflicted with STIs; • Community mobilization and community-based organization to reduce STIs; • Community-level prevalence of infectious agents; • Local and holistically-integrated STI clinics; • Public health STI workforce capacity; • Health in All Policies (HiAP) approaches to STI prevention and treatment. Christopher Williams is the Senior Vice President and Director of Research at National Health Promotion Associates, a private research and development firm that specializes in the development, testing and dissemination of evidence-based approaches to target behavioral risk factors associated with major chronic diseases, violence, accidents and preventable injuries. The other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regard to the Research Topic subject.
Download or read book Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-14 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social isolation and loneliness are serious yet underappreciated public health risks that affect a significant portion of the older adult population. Approximately one-quarter of community-dwelling Americans aged 65 and older are considered to be socially isolated, and a significant proportion of adults in the United States report feeling lonely. People who are 50 years of age or older are more likely to experience many of the risk factors that can cause or exacerbate social isolation or loneliness, such as living alone, the loss of family or friends, chronic illness, and sensory impairments. Over a life course, social isolation and loneliness may be episodic or chronic, depending upon an individual's circumstances and perceptions. A substantial body of evidence demonstrates that social isolation presents a major risk for premature mortality, comparable to other risk factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, or obesity. As older adults are particularly high-volume and high-frequency users of the health care system, there is an opportunity for health care professionals to identify, prevent, and mitigate the adverse health impacts of social isolation and loneliness in older adults. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults summarizes the evidence base and explores how social isolation and loneliness affect health and quality of life in adults aged 50 and older, particularly among low income, underserved, and vulnerable populations. This report makes recommendations specifically for clinical settings of health care to identify those who suffer the resultant negative health impacts of social isolation and loneliness and target interventions to improve their social conditions. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults considers clinical tools and methodologies, better education and training for the health care workforce, and dissemination and implementation that will be important for translating research into practice, especially as the evidence base for effective interventions continues to flourish.
Download or read book Association Between Mobility Violence And STI HIV Among Female Sex Workers In High HIV Prevalence States India written by Deepanjali Vishwakarma and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Violence and mobility are increasingly being recognized as critical risk factors contributing to the spread of HIV and sexually transmitted infections worldwide. The objective of the study is to assess the independent and combined associations of mobility and physical violence with sexual risk behaviors and HIV/STI prevalence among female sex workers (FSWs) in urban Andhra Pradesh, India.Methods: A cross-sectional survey the Behavioral Tracking Survey (BTS) u20132014 conducted with key populations FSWs (N=2400), in undivided Andhra Pradesh state in India was used here. Bivariate, Chi-square, and Binary logistic regression statistical techniques were used for analysis. Results: Approximately 18% of FSWs in urban Andhra Pradesh reported ever experienced physical violence, out of them, 69 % experienced physical violence in the past one year and 52% travelled outside for sex work in the past one year. Mobile FSWs were more likely to report physical violence compared to their counterparts (72% vs. 62%, pu2009
Download or read book Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV and Associated Risk Factors Among Female Sex Workers in Guangdong Providence China written by Yan Li and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Using the Social Ecological Model to Understand the Contextual Factors Associated with HIV Risk in Commercial Sex Workers at High Risk for Contracting HIV written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV infection are increasing at an alarming rate in Mexico (United Nations Program on AIDS [UNAIDS], 2006). Female sex workers (FSWs) are one of the groups affected by the increase in HIV prevalence in Mexico. Early surveillance of FSWs found seroprevalence rates of 4.8% in Tijuana and 4.9% in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico (Patterson et al., 2006b), while the most recent study of FSWs from these two cities found a seroprevalence rate of 6% (Strathdee et al, in press). Prevention efforts that are culturally sensitive and appropriately tailored are needed to stem the rise of HIV in this high-risk population. The current study examined the applicability of the Social Ecological model for HIV prevention in a sample of female sex workers (FSWs) (N=472) participating in a safe sex counseling intervention in Tijuana, Mexico. Within the framework of the Social Ecological Model we explored differential predictors of condom use by comparing women who work in bar settings to those who work on the street hypothesizing that there would be differences across venue (bar vs street) with higher condom use in bar workers. Baseline models were established using path analysis in bar (N=233); (CFI= .890, RMSEA =.062) and street workers (N=203); (CFI =.928, RMSEA = .040). For bar workers individual level factors, (self-efficacy, condom use beliefs, alcohol use before sex) and institutional level factors (condom access) were directly and indirectly related to condom use, while in street workers interpersonal level factors (social support, previous abuse, client power) and drug use were the most important factors associated with condom use. Multiple group partial structural invariance was then performed comparing street workers (N=79) to bar workers (N=103) on the 5 paths that their baseline models shared, showing that these paths were invariant across groups ([delta][chi]2(5) =6.30). Multiple group comparisons found similarities between the bar and street workers, including the relationship between self-efficacy and condom use. Baseline model comparisons found differences including the type of substance used before sex, and the relationship between monetary incentives for unprotected sex and condom use self-efficacy, supporting the need for the tailoring of interventions for women based on location of their sex work.
Download or read book Factors Associated with Early Initiation Into Sex Work and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Female Sex Workers in Two Mexico U S Border Cities written by Oralia Loza and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purpose: To examine correlates of early initiation into sex work and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among female sex workers (FSWs) in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, two Mexican cities on the U.S. border where prostitution is quasi-legal. Methods: FSWs aged >̲18 years without known HIV infection living in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez who had recent unprotected sex with clients underwent baseline interviews and testing for syphilis, Chlamydia and gonorrhea. Correlates of early initiation into sex work (age
Download or read book Living and Working Environment and Factors Associated with the Safe Sex Behavior and Sexually Transmitted Infection of Myanmar Migrant Workers in Muang District Ranong Province Thailand written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on March 2010 with the objective of assessing the living and working environment and factor associated with the safe sexual behavior and health status related to unsafe sexual behavior of Myanmar migrant workers in Muang District, Ranong Province, Thailand. Multi-stage purposive sampling method was used for the study and 406 households were recruited in the survey. For data analysis, chi-square test was used. Respondents aged between 19 and 50 years from each household were selected and interviewed by using self-administered questionnaires. Female and male respondents are selected half by half (female 203 and male 203). Out of 406 respondents, 41.4% is single, 50.7% are married and 5.7% and 2.2% are divorced and widowed. Their major jobs are Factory worker and fisherman. Among the 406 respondents, half (51.0%) live in dawn town and over 50% (205) respondents live with roommates. For working environment, over half (224) respondents work 10-14 hours per day. There is significant relationship between gender (P-value 0.001), type of job (p-value 0.001), job needs to travel (0.001) duration of stay in Thailand (0.001) and safe sex behavior. In 203 male respondents, 109(52.7%) had sex with sex workers and only 36.2% use condom when have sex with sex worker. There is significant relationship between gender (p-value 0.006), marital status (p-value 0.041), duration of stay in Thailand (p-value 0.001), working years(p-value 0.001), job location(pvalue-0.000), job needs to travel(p-value 0.001) and sexually transmitted infection. Health education and condom promotion programs are necessary for the migrant workers especially in fishermen group because this group has poor sex behavior and high prevalence of STI. Also health education program for sexually transmitted infections and provide more STI clinics are needed. 16.9% of total respondents had STI. In further study, other indicators to elicit more about the safe sex behavior of the females should be used as females think some issues are especially concern with male only. For more information about safe sex behavior, further study should not only focus on descriptive study but also point out for action research for prevention and control of it.
Download or read book Factors Associated with Early Initiation Into Sex Work and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Female Sex Workers in Two Mexico U S Border Cities written by Oralia Loza and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purpose: To examine correlates of early initiation into sex work and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among female sex workers (FSWs) in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, two Mexican cities on the U.S. border where prostitution is quasi-legal. Methods: FSWs aged>̲18 years without known HIV infection living in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez who had recent unprotected sex with clients underwent baseline interviews and testing for syphilis, Chlamydia and gonorrhea. Correlates of early initiation into sex work (age
Download or read book Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-11-12 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every day in the United States, children and adolescents are victims of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. Despite the serious and long-term consequences for victims as well as their families, communities, and society, efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to these crimes are largely under supported, inefficient, uncoordinated, and unevaluated. Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States examines commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents of the United States under age 18. According to this report, efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to these crimes require better collaborative approaches that build upon the capabilities of people and entities from a range of sectors. In addition, such efforts need to confront demand and the individuals who commit and benefit from these crimes. The report recommends increased awareness and understanding, strengthening of the law's response, strengthening of research to advance understanding and to support the development of prevention and intervention strategies, support for multi-sector and interagency collaboration, and creation of a digital information-sharing platform. A nation that is unaware of these problems or disengaged from solutions unwittingly contributes to the ongoing abuse of minors. If acted upon in a coordinated and comprehensive manner, the recommendations of Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States can help advance and strengthen the nation's emerging efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States.
Download or read book Voice and Agency written by Jeni Klugman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-09-29 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite recent advances in important aspects of the lives of girls and women, pervasive challenges remain. These challenges reflect widespread deprivations and constraints and include epidemic levels of gender-based violence and discriminatory laws and norms that prevent women from owning property, being educated, and making meaningful decisions about their own lives--such as whether and when to marry or have children. These often violate their most basic rights and are magnified and multiplied by poverty and lack of education. This groundbreaking book distills vast data and hundreds of studies to shed new light on deprivations and constraints facing the voice and agency of women and girls worldwide, and on the associated costs for individuals, families, communities, and global development. The volume presents major new findings about the patterns of constraints and overlapping deprivations and focuses on several areas key to women s empowerment: freedom from violence, sexual and reproductive health and rights, ownership of land and housing, and voice and collective action. It highlights promising reforms and interventions from around the world and lays out an urgent agenda for governments, civil society, development agencies, and other stakeholders, including a call for greater investment in data and knowledge to benchmark progress.
Download or read book Promoting Positive Adolescent Health Behaviors and Outcomes written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-03-21 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a critical growth period in which youth develop essential skills that prepare them for adulthood. Prevention and intervention programs are designed to meet the needs of adolescents who require additional support and promote healthy behaviors and outcomes. To ensure the success of these efforts, it is essential that they include reliably identifiable techniques, strategies, or practices that have been proven effective. Promoting Positive Adolescent Health Behaviors and Outcomes: Thriving in the 21st Century identifies key program factors that can improve health outcomes related to adolescent behavior and provides evidence-based recommendations toward effective implementation of federal programming initiatives. This study explores normative adolescent development, the current landscape of adolescent risk behavior, core components of effective programs focused on optimal health, and recommendations for research, programs, and policies.
