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Book Effects of Temperature and Hydroperiod Changes on Wood Frog Tadpoles

Download or read book Effects of Temperature and Hydroperiod Changes on Wood Frog Tadpoles written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Geographic Variation in the Wood Frog Rana Sylvatica

Download or read book Geographic Variation in the Wood Frog Rana Sylvatica written by Bernard Stephen Martof and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Impacts of Road Salt Runoff on Wetlands and Its Effects on the Development and Survival of Wood Frog Rana Sylvatica Tadpoles

Download or read book Impacts of Road Salt Runoff on Wetlands and Its Effects on the Development and Survival of Wood Frog Rana Sylvatica Tadpoles written by Jane L. Murawski and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Effects of Copper and Light Exposure on the Development and Survival of the Wood Frog Tadpole Rana Sylvatica

Download or read book Effects of Copper and Light Exposure on the Development and Survival of the Wood Frog Tadpole Rana Sylvatica written by Colleen C. R. Sharp and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both concern over amphibian declines (Dunson et al., 1992; Blaustein, 1994) and the potential of amphibians as indicators (Phillips, 1990; Dunson et al., 1992; Boyer and Grue, 1995) of ecosystem health provided the impetus for this study. Utilizing amphibians as indicator species is comparable to the use of "canaries in a coal mine" when assessing the quality of an aquatic environment (Barinaga, 1990). Embryos, tadpoles, and adults are considered to be sensitive to environmental contaminants in part due to their unshelled eggs and permeable skins (Bridges et al., 2002; Blaustein et al., 2003; Kiesecker et al., 2004; Hogan et al., 2006). Amphibians offer a unique biphasic life cycle for studying water and land habitats as well as the interactions between the two environments. This study investigated the interaction between two human-mediated environmental changes on the development of a common North American anuran, (Rana sylvatica) the Wood Frog. Anthropogenic changes have increased copper and sunlight in many amphibian habitats. Human disturbance often leads to a decrease in canopy cover, which thereby reduces shade for developing embryos and tadpoles of certain anuran species within the aquatic environments below (Werner and Glennemeier, 1999; Skelly et al., 2002). Water runoff from impermeable surfaces and agricultural and residential properties transport toxins and excess nutrients into bodies of water, leading to algal blooms. In ponds, a common algaecide utilized to eliminate the ensuing blooms is copper sulfate. This work investigated the effects of copper sulfate and increased solar radiation on the developmental rate and survival of Wood Frog tadpoles in high pH ponds. pH levels in Northeastern Ohio ponds are higher (7.0-8.5; Matson et al., unpublished data, 2006) than in many other areas of Wood Frog study and research is lacking in non-lab environments at these pH levels. A field study used cattle tanks for testing the influence of increased light, increased copper, and for interactions between these environmental perturbations. Copper was a significant source of variation in measures of tadpole developmental rate and marginally significant in tadpole survival. Shade was not a significant source of variation in survival, but did significantly slow development. In addition, copper and shade interacted in their effect on developmental rate as measured by an increase in body mass in ambient copper treatments. These results are beneficial in understanding whether the use of copper sulfate is a contributor to amphibian decline.

Book Spatial Ecology of the Wood Frog Rana Sylvatica

Download or read book Spatial Ecology of the Wood Frog Rana Sylvatica written by Lauri Kealoha Freidenburg and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Hydroperiod of Wetlands and Reproduction in Wood Frogs rana Sylvatica and Spotted Salamanders ambystoma Maculatum

Download or read book Hydroperiod of Wetlands and Reproduction in Wood Frogs rana Sylvatica and Spotted Salamanders ambystoma Maculatum written by Mary Beth Kolozsvary and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Geographic Variation of Isozyme Patterns in the Wood Frog Rana Sylvatica

Download or read book Geographic Variation of Isozyme Patterns in the Wood Frog Rana Sylvatica written by Lee A. Weigt and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Effects of Multiple Stressors

Download or read book Effects of Multiple Stressors written by Lindsey L. Gordon and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As human activities reach every corner of the globe, climate change, invasive species, habitat destruction, and other stressors causing species’ declines no longer act alone. Climate change has the potential to exacerbate (or mitigate) other stressors (e.g. invasive species or pathogens) affecting amphibian populations. I assessed the combined effects of increased pond drying rates (potential impact of climate change), invasive bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) presence, and food availability on northern red-legged frog (Rana aurora) survival and body size after metamorphosis by rearing tadpoles under incrementally shortened hydroperiods with and without the presence of invasive bullfrog tadpoles in low and high food environments. To explore the underlying mechanisms driving the impact of bullfrogs on R. aurora tadpoles, I had two treatments where bullfrog tadpoles were either separated by a permeable barrier (behavioral cue) or free to move about the tanks (direct competition/predation). To validate the captive experiment, I examined the influence of hydroperiod length on R. aurora survival, development, and growth in a field-based mesocosm experiment. I found hydroperiod to have a threshold effect on survival through metamorphosis in the captive experiment. Once the hydroperiod threshold was met in both the captive and field study, I found no benefit of longer hydroperiods on survival through metamorphosis. Drying rate influenced R. aurora developmental rates, but the effects were dependent on life stage and time of season in the field study. Size at metamorphosis was synergistically affected by bullfrog presence and food availability in the captive experiment. Tadpoles emerged as smaller metamorphs when exposed to bullfrogs in a low food environment. In the field experiment, size at metamorphosis was positively affected by longer hydroperiod and later emergence date. Understanding how multiple stressors impact larval growth and survival is an important component for managing and potentially mitigating the interactive effects of climate change and invasive species for amphibian conservation.

Book A Study of Geographic Variation in the Green Frog Rana Clamitans Latreille

Download or read book A Study of Geographic Variation in the Green Frog Rana Clamitans Latreille written by John Steven Mecham and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Possible Effects of Climate Change on Induced Defences in Tadpoles

Download or read book Possible Effects of Climate Change on Induced Defences in Tadpoles written by Alyssa D'Alessandro and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global climates are changing and the rate of change is expected to increase in the next century. Researchers predict that temporary ponds will be affected, resulting in shorter average hydroperiods (the amount of time a pond holds water). Species that live in these ponds will face increased stress due to these environmental changes, which may affect the timing of yearly events and alter community composition. For example, important pond predators, such as dragonfly nymphs, may emerge from ponds in the autumn instead of overwintering in the pond. Amphibians are important components of temporary pond systems, and their tadpoles can exhibit a great amount of plasticity in morphology and life history traits due to environmental change. For example, tadpoles can alter their morphology in response to specific predators. These induced defenses have been found to increase survival with predators but to decrease fitness in the absence of predators; thus, the defenses are costly. This phenotypic plasticity also has limits, in that some species have not been found to use them and other tadpole species are limited in the circumstances in which they can induce changes. I measured the morphological and life history responses (survivorship, larval period, and mass at metamorphosis) of tadpoles to simultaneous changes in hydroperiod and predator composition. I used Cope's gray treefrog tadpoles, Hyla chrysoscelis, as prey in an experiment that crossed two hydroperiod length treatments (short, long) with four predator treatments (caged Anax dragonfly nymph presence/absence x caged Belostoma water bug presence/absence) to address two questions. First, do the two factors of hydroperiod and predator presence interact either synergistically or antagonistically? Secondly, do tadpole responses, or their costs, to each predator differ and do tadpoles respond to the more lethal predator (Anax) when both predators are present? I did not see evidence of morphological induced defenses in Cope's gray treefrog tadpoles, nor did I observe effects of predator presence or shortened hydroperiod on tadpole developmental rate, size or survivorship. There was, however, an effect of hydroperiod on the within-tank variance in tadpole larval period and mass at metamorphosis. For both variables, longer hydroperiods significantly increased within-tank variance relative to shorter hydroperiods. The lack of morphological changes in my experiment runs counter to my expectations, but highlights the fact that induced defenses are context-dependent. The concentration of predator cue present in the water, conspecific density, and abiotic stressors may all reduce tadpoles' ability to respond to predators. Thus, some tadpoles may not be able to perform well in conditions with shortened pond hydroperiods and changing community compositions.

Book The Response of Larval Wood Frogs Rana Sylvatica to Changes in Detrital Quality Driven by Anthropogenic Effects in Ephemeral Ponds

Download or read book The Response of Larval Wood Frogs Rana Sylvatica to Changes in Detrital Quality Driven by Anthropogenic Effects in Ephemeral Ponds written by Jeffrey Patrick Stephens and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amphibian populations worldwide are in decline due to anthropogenic drivers. However, little is known about how changes to the larval environment may affect survival and future recruitment of the species specifically in those environments whose energetics are subsidized by allochthonous input such as litterfall. Using a manipulative mesocosms experment I found that changes in litter type had dramatic and differential affects on all levels of the mesocosm ecosystem including water chemistry, primary producer biomass, and on larval wood frog Rana sylvatica fitness traits. Notably, we found that senescent green ash (a specied of tree declining and at great risk due to the emerald ash borer) produced metamorphs that were larger than all other litter species used and developed at a faster rate with higher survival. This study, indeed, illustrates how regional changes in forest community structure can affect the local dynamics and the physiology of individuals within the forest pond.