Download or read book Geographic Variation and Taxonomic Relationships of Pacific Northwest Garter Snakes written by Timothy George Loeb and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Variations and Genetic Relationships of the Garter snakes written by Alexander Grant Ruthven and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper is an attempt to do classification on the garter-snake group to help define differences between natural groups and clarify the systematic arrangements.
Download or read book Exploring Ecological Correlates Associated with Dorsal Colour Variation in Garter Snakes written by Leigh Anne Isaac and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colours influence numerous aspects of an animal's ecology and the adaptive significance of colour variation has been intensively studied in diverse taxonomic groups. This study was motivated by the question: Why do garter snakes vary in colour? To answer this question, I focused on Western Terrestrial Garter Snakes, Thamnophis elegans, which exhibit geographic variation in colouration (dark morph vs. light morph), and two different species of garter snake that occur in the same geographic region but vary in colour--light T. elegans and the Common Garter Snake, T. sirtalis. My work provides an objective quantification and analysis of snake colour and evaluates the influence of colour variation on ecological processes such as thermoregulation, crypsis, and antipredator behaviour. I compared body temperatures (Tbs) with available thermal opportunities, both in wild snakes and in a field experiment, to determine how snakes with contrasting colours differ in thermoregulation and temperature-dependent behaviours. Gravid females of the light and dark colour morphs of T.elegans exhibited comparable thermoregulatory behaviour at high temperatures; however, dark T.elegans maintained elevated Tbs when available temperatures dropped. In the field, dark-coloured snakes were more likely to be moving when first detected when Tbs were high, but this trend was reversed in light T. elegans. I quantified crypsis of snakes, in terms of colour and brightness, by measuring the spectral reflectance of snakes and the surrounding habitat. These data were visually modeled from the perspective of potential snake predators and human researchers. Overall, snakes selected basking sites that maximized crypsis and both colour morphs of T. elegans were equally cryptic. There was evidence suggesting that T. sirtalis was more cryptic than light T. elegans to snake predators. I collected a series of behavioural measurements for snakes pre- and post-capture. Light T.elegans were more likely to be moving when originally detected in the field than dark snakes. Distance to cover and injuries were important factors in explaining the antipredator behaviour of snakes in the field. Snakes became generally faster with increasing Tbs, but differences attributable to colour morph were not straightforward. A higher proportion of T. elegans of both colour morphs exhibited some type of movement when exposed to a simulated predatory attack. Thamnophis sirtalis, on the other hand, hung limp and motionless in the air. The less cryptic lightT. elegans had a higher probability of having an injury than T. sirtalis but injury patterns between the equally cryptic light and dark T. elegans differed by sex. The relationships between colour and these various traits were complex, but, taken together, they highlighted how thermal ecology, crypsis, and anti-predator behaviours were related to a snake's visual appearance. These results therefore provide an ecological underpinning for future genetic studies to identify potential candidate genes that may be responsible for the control of colour pattern in garter snakes.
Download or read book Variation Within a Brood of Pacific Garter Snakes written by Edna Marie Fisher and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Bibliography of Pacific Northwest Herpetology written by Robert Wayne Campbell and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Result of a search of the literature which was complete for British Columbia and fairly complete for Washington. References for Alaska and Yukon Territory was extracted incidental to the search for material on B.C. and Washington.
Download or read book Geographic variation in the northern races of the garter snake Thamnophis cyrtopsis written by William Wright Milstead and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Variations and Genetic Relationships of the Garter Snakes written by Alexander Grant Ruthven and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper is an attempt to do classification on the garter-snake group to help define differences between natural groups and clarify the systematic arrangements.
Download or read book Geographic Variation in the Two striped Garter Snake Thamnophis Hammondii written by Nina M. Larson and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geographic Variation in Marcy s Garter Snake Thamnophis Marcianus Baird and Girard written by Myron Budd Mittleman and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Variations and Genetic Relationships of the Garter Snakes Classic Reprint written by Alexander G. Ruthven and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Variations and Genetic Relationships of the Garter-Snakes Three steps are necessary to determine the genetic relationships and simplify Cope's elaborate arrangement of the group: (1) The value of the characters must be determined; (2) the geographic prob abilities must be utilized; (3) similarities and intergradations must be sought. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book The Garter Snakes written by Douglas Athon Rossman and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Garter Snakes: Evolution and Ecology is the first comprehensive review of the genus Thamnophis in nearly ninety years. The book includes color plates of all species (many never previously figured in color); extensive discussion of ecology, behavior, and captive care; and a modern key to all species - as well as species-by-species summaries of the systematics and natural history of the thirty different garter snakes now recognized. Of particular interest are the descriptions of lesser-known species in Mexico. Because interest in reptiles has grown dramatically in recent years, this comprehensive guide is designed to appeal to as wide an audience as possible - to both the professional herpetologist interested in the biology of Thamnophis and the hobbyist who wants to know more about these diverse and widespread snakes, both in the home aquarium and in the wild. This up-to-date, appealing book, written by the world's leading authorities, will be extremely useful not only to herpetologists but also to conservationists, ecologists, pet owners, and other readers generally interested in natural history.
Download or read book Geographic Variation in Prey Preference of Neonate Checkered Garter Snakes T h a m n o p h i s M a r c i a n u s written by Laura Ava Rayburn and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Status Relationships and Variation in the Garter Snakes Genus Thamnophis of the Puget Stound Region of Washington State written by William Barlett Hebard and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book VARIATIONS GENETIC RELATIONS written by Alexander Grant 1882-1971 Ruthven and published by Wentworth Press. This book was released on 2016-08-27 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Historical Processes Evolutionary Change and Phenotypic Plasticity written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Islands have long been of interest to biologists, as they are often home to unusual species or populations of species that are characterized by unique behavior, morphology, and gene pools. My research explores the mechanisms driving and maintaining phenotypic variation in the common gartersnake, Thamnophis sirtalis, populations of the Beaver Archipelago. Specifically, I focused on antipredator-related traits, foraging/feeding-related traits, and reproductive life-history traits, as all are known to vary with differences in predator composition and resource availability, which vary among the islands of the Beaver Archipelago and between the islands and the surrounding mainland. Since the exact origin of Beaver Archipelago fauna is debated, I began this study by using mtDNA sequences to determine the underlying genetics of the island populations and their most likely source. The results of this part of my dissertation indicate that the island populations are derived from both the lower and upper peninsula of Michigan and that the upper peninsula is more closely related to island populations than the lower peninsula populations, contradicting previous hypotheses that suggested the lower peninsula was the most likely point of origin for the islands and that the upper peninsular populations played little or no role in the system. This knowledge proved to be invaluable in understanding observed variation in phenotypic traits, all of which appear to be the result of some combination of their underlying genetics, as related to the mtDNA data, and plastic responses to selection with little if any evolutionary change resulting from selection. In terms of antipredator-related traits, populations that occur with fewer predators appear to be less reactive than those that occur with a greater number of predators as the result of plasticity, although there was no clearcut island/mainland trend. Ventral scale counts for island populations correspond best with the underlying genetics of the populations resulting from historical/colonization processes and do not appear to have changed as the result of current predator pressures. In terms of feeding/foraging- related traits, geographic variation in the head morphology of island snakes appears to be primarily the result of phenotypic plasticity with some evidence of genetic influence from historical/colonization processes. Behavioral responses to prey chemical extracts varied little between populations, with observed differences potentially being due to evolutionary change resulting from current selection pressures. Finally, reproductive life-history traits also appear to be mostly the result of underlying genetics, but some influence of plasticity and microevolution may also play a role. Combined, the genetic and phenotypic traits studied provide researchers with one of the more complete studies of variation in the traits of insular faunas to date and should provide a framework for future studies centered in island systems.
Download or read book Wildlife Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phenotypic Variation in Common Garter Snakes Thamnophis Sirtalis in the Southeastern United States in Relation to Sex and Habitat Use written by Zachary William Martin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
