Download or read book Geographic Distribution of Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis and Ranavirus Spp in Amphibians in Northern Peninsular and Panhandle Florida written by Sarah Reintjes-Tolen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amphibian species across the globe have been experiencing population declines. There are a number of factors attributed to these declines, including habitat destruction, increased ultraviolet radiation, pollution, and introduced diseases. However, one of the most potentially devastating of these factors has been the emergence of two pathogens, chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) and Ranavirus spp. Determining the distribution of these pathogens is important as it is unknown what kind of impact these pathogens are capable of having on frog populations. In this study, I attempt to document the presence and geographic distribution of two pathogens, B. dendrobatidis and Ranavirus spp., in northern peninsular and panhandle Florida. During March through May of 2011 and February and March of 2012, I surveyed seven sites in northern peninsular and panhandle Florida. After surveying a total of 32 ponds, B. dendrobatidis was detected in two of32 ponds surveyed, one in Camp Blanding Military Reserve and one in Osceola National Forest. Ranavirus spp. was detected in one pond in Gold Head Branch State Park. Additionally, a Ranavirus spp. mortality event was discovered at Pebble Lake in Gold Head Branch State Park. This initial survey of these two amphibian diseases will illustrate the geographic distribution of these pathogens, enabling researchers to track the spread of these diseases and assess which populations of amphibians are most at risk.
Download or read book Occurrence and Prevalence of Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis in Amphibian Species of Alberta written by Scott D. Stevens and published by Alberta Sustainable Resource Development. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To present the most complete picture of the distribution and occurrence of Bd in Alberta, the authors included data from the four sites surveyed in the 2006 pilot study with data from the broader studies conducted from 2007-2010. They compared the number of amphibians collected and the number of batches tested at Bd-positive and Bd-negative sites using Mann-Whitney U-tests. Two-tailed chi-square tests using GraphPad Software were used to compare the proportion of Bd-positive sites (occurrence) and batches (prevalence) among species and drainage basins.--Document.
Download or read book Emerging Infectious Disease in Lentic Environments written by Tara Chestnut and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiversity losses in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems are accelerating at a global scale and the most threatened vertebrate taxa are those associated with freshwater habitats. The causes of biodiversity losses are often complex and include synergistic effects of natural and human-induced stressors, such as habitat loss and fragmentation, urbanization, invasive species, contaminants, global climate change, and emerging infectious diseases. In the last 35 years, the amphibian extinction rate has been estimated to exceed 105 times the baseline expected rate for all species and in the USA, the number of occupied amphibian sites has been reported to be declining by 3.7% per year. Among the many threats to amphibians, the role of disease in population declines has been recognized increasingly over the last two decades. Numerous amphibian diseases have been identified and attributed to mass mortality events. Chytridiomycosis, the emerging infectious disease caused by the amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is implicated as a causal agent in many recent global amphibian population declines and extinctions. To understand the pathology and conservation implications of Bd, a greater understanding of its ecology, life history, and distribution in the wild is of paramount importance. Although it has an impact on the persistence of selected amphibian populations around the world, the full scope of the effects of chytridiomycosis on global amphibian population declines are not well understood. Most Bd research efforts have focused on Bd in amphibian hosts per se, with little attention to understand the environmental associations and dynamics of free-living Bd outside of the amphibian host. In particular, information on Bd responses to climatic variation outside of hosts is a research gap. Furthermore, as a microorganism within an aquatic environment, studies are lacking of potential water quality associations, how Bd may interact with other members of their biological communities, and how Bd responses to chemical contaminants found in aquatic environments. My research begins to fill these gaps by studying the basic ecology of free-living Bd in field settings, and investigating factors that may influence its distribution at a landscape scale, occurrence at a regional scale, and detection at a site scale. Herein, I describe spatial and temporal patterns in the detection and density of free-living Bd in aquatic habitats in two different geographic regions of the United States, Alaska (Chapter 2) and Oregon (Chapter 3). The Alaska work examines Bd ecology at the northernmost extent of amphibian occurrence in North America, where climate associations may be particularly relevant and where Bd occurrence may be representative of one of the most novel pathogen-host systems in the world. I also describe (Chapter 2) experimental results of Bd and amphibian response to extreme cold temperatures they may experience in continental settings, at high elevations, and at high latitudes. My Oregon studies (Chapter 3) focus on multivariate associations of free-living Bd occurrences with a suite of aquatic environmental factors, both abiotic and biotic in nature. In Chapter 4, I describe how amphibians and Bd respond to agricultural chemicals (fungicides) that they may be exposed to in field settings. These results are specific to Bd, but might also warrant consideration as fungicidal treatments for a newly described chytrid affecting salamanders; both of these amphibian chytrids have been detected in captive animals and solutions to treat trade animals for the pathogen are gaining relevancy. Finally, in Chapter 5, I reflect upon the journey of conservation biologists and herpetologists for 25 years of amphibian decline research, with global losses becoming widely recognized in 1989. In this context, my research significantly advances understanding of the geographic distribution and ecology of one potential threat factor to amphibian populations on Earth, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. The factors that I report to both promote or limit free-living Bd distribution and abundance will further inform pathogen dynamics research.
Download or read book Incidence of Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis in Southeast Coast Network Parks written by Michael W. Byrne and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-07-30 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Southeastern U.S. is host to one of the most diverse amphibian communities in the world. With an estimated 140 amphibian species, more than half of which are salamanders, the Southeast accounts for about half of the total number of amphibians in the U.S. (Echternacht & Harris 1993, Petranka 1998). The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) consists of 20 National Parks that encompass more than 184,000 acres of federally-managed land throughout Florida, Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, and North Carolina. Sixty-one amphibian species are confirmed to occur in SECN parks; 26 in Caudata, and 35 in Anura (NPSpecies 2011; Table 1).
Download or read book Prevalence and Distribution of Ranavirus Chytrid Fungus and Helminths in North Dakota Amphibians written by Melanie Paige Firkins and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Amphibian Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis Occupancy in Amphibian Habitats written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chytrid fungi are the most ancestral of the fungi and are global in distribution. There are over 1200 species of Chytridiomycota described from freshwater, marine and terrestrial systems in temperate, tropical and tundra environments. Chytridiales are characterized by a range of morphologies and share the flask- or pot-like shape of the zoosporangia, within which motile zoospores develop. Chytrids function primarily as plant saprobes and parasites, but some also parasitize animals. Chytrids are observed in conjunction with the decline of freshwater and marine algal blooms, they decompose excess pollen, and comprise the fungal flora in gut of herbivores. Some chytrids also parasitize micro-invertebrates, insects and amphibians. The amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is the only chytrid known to infect a vertebrate host. Bd exists free-living in the aquatic environment. Lab experiments have demonstrated Bd survival on sterilized moist sand for up to three months and it remained infective in lake water for up to seven weeks. Bd cultures can be maintained under lab conditions for several months (personal observation), which suggests Bd can survive in the environment without a host as long as nutrients are not limiting. In the aquatic environment, Bd is detected by filtering water samples to capture free-living zoospores and zoosporangia then performing a qPCR analysis. Bd has not been reliably isolated from sediments. The goal of our research was to study free-living Bd in amphibian habitats to better understand its ecology and host-pathogen dynamics.
Download or read book Geographical Patterns in the Distribution of Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis and Outbreaks of Fatal Chytridiomycosis in European Amphibian Populations written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prevalence of the Pathogenic Chytrid Fungus i Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis i in an Endangered Population of Northern Leopard Frogs i Rana Pipiens i written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Status of the Pathogenic Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis in Three Species of Endemic Amphibians from Puerto Rico and Impact on the Local Climate on Host Response written by Patricia Gabriela Caligari Damestoy and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact of Chytrid Fungus Pathogen on the Skin Microbiome of Frogs in Northern Idaho and Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge Washington written by Philip M. Campos and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Amphibians worldwide are under threat from the infectious disease chytridiomycosis, which is caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Bd is associated with the population declines of an estimated 501 species, 90 of which are presumed or confirmed extinct, making this the greatest documented loss of biodiversity attributed to a disease. Researching the amphibian skin microbiome may provide solutions to conservation of amphibians. Two main relationships have been observed between Bd and the microbiome: 1) bacteria producing antifungal metabolites can inhibit Bd and improve survival against the disease and 2) infection by Bd is believed to affect the composition of the skin microbiome. In collaboration with the Idaho Department of Fish of Game, Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) from northern Idaho were swabbed to detect Bd and collect bacteria from the skin microbiome. Our study found Bd was prevalent in low infection intensities in 80% of 153 sites in the northern Idaho panhandle. Amplicon barcoded sequencing of the V4-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed to characterize the skin microbiome of frogs. Overall, the most abundant groups of bacteria on the skin were Burkholderiaceae, Pseudomonas spp., Stenotrophomonas spp., Sanguibacter inulinus, and Enterobacteriaceae. Results demonstrated skin microbiomes were distinct in infected and uninfected frogs, with key differences including greater relative abundance of Burkholderiaceae in infected frogs and greater relative abundance of Pseudomonas in uninfected frogs. Columbia spotted frogs and Pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) were swabbed at Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge (TNWR) to measure Bd prevalence and infection intensity. Prevalence among Pacific chorus frogs (91.43%) was greater than prevalence among Columbia spotted frogs (67.74%), and infection intensities were also greater among Pacific chorus frogs compared to Columbia spotted frogs. Preliminary microbiome results showed a correlation between microbiome communities and infection intensity. Continued research on the amphibian skin microbiome could lead to the development of more effective probiotics as a conservation solution to population decline in amphibians"-- Pages iv-v.
Download or read book Persistence and Prevalence of the Enzootic Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis in Relation to Amphibian Population Decline in Panama written by Vanessa L. Kilburn and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Threat Abatement Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Infection of amphibians with chytrid fungus resulting in chytridiomycosis' was listed in July 2002 as a key threatening process under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).
Download or read book The Longleaf Pine Ecosystem written by Shibu Jose and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-18 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The longleaf pine ecosystem, once one of the most extensive ecosystems in North America, is now among the most threatened. Over the past few centuries, land clearing, logging, fire suppression, and the encroachment of more aggressive plants have led to an overwhelming decrease in the ecosystem’s size, to approximately 2.2% of its original coverage. Despite this devastation, the range of the longleaf still extends from Virginia to Texas. Through the combined efforts of organizations such as the USDA Forest Service, the Longleaf Alliance, and the Nature Conservancy, extensive programs to conserve, restore, and manage the ecosystem are currently underway. The longleaf pine ecosystem is valued not only for its aesthetic appeal, but also for its outstanding biodiversity, habitat value, and for the quality of the longleaf pine lumber. It has a natural resistance to fire and insects, and supports more than thirty threatened or endangered plant and animal species, including the red-cockaded woodpecker and the gopher tortoise. The Longleaf Pine Ecosystem unites a wealth of current information on the ecology, silviculture, and restoration of this ecosystem. The book also includes a discussion of the significant historical, social, and political aspects of ecosystem management, making it a valuable resource for students, land managers, ecologists, private landowners, government agencies, consultants, and the forest products industry. About the Editors: Dr. Shibu Jose is Associate Professor of Forest Ecology and Dr. Eric J. Jokela is Professor of Silviculture at the School of Forest Resources and Conservation at the University of Florida in Gainesville. Dr. Deborah L. Miller is Associate Professor of Wildlife Ecology in the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation at the University of Florida in Milton.
Download or read book Health and Welfare of Captive Reptiles written by Clifford Warwick and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-24 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively revised and expanded new edition offers concepts, principles and applied information that relates to the wellbeing of reptiles. As a manual on health and welfare in a similar vein to volumes addressing the sciences of anatomy, behaviour or psychology, this book thoroughly examines the biology of reptile welfare and is about meeting biological needs. The editors, acknowledged experts in their own right, have once again drawn together an extremely impressive international group of contributors. Positive and negative implications of general husbandry and research programs are discussed. In addition to greatly revised original content are nine new chapters offering readers novel insight into: • sensory systems • social behaviour • brain and cognition • controlled deprivation and enrichment • effects of captivity-imposed noise and light disturbance on welfare • spatial and thermal factors• evidential thresholds for species suitability in captivity • record keeping as an aid to captive care • arbitrary husbandry practices and misconceptions The authors have adopted a user-friendly writing style to accommodate a broad readership. Although primarily aimed at academic professionals, this comprehensive volume is fundamentally a biology book that will also inform all involved in captive reptile husbandry. Among others, zoo personnel, herpetologists, veterinarians, lab animal scientists, and expert readers in animal welfare and behavioural studies will benefit from this updated work.
Download or read book Amphibian Declines written by Michael J. Lannoo and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2005-06-15 with total page 1124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documents in comprehensive detail a major environmental crisis: rapidly declining amphibian populations and the disturbing developmental problems that are increasingly prevalent within many amphibian species.
Download or read book Amphibians and reptiles written by Trevor Beebee and published by Pelagic Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2013-07-01 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to the native and non-native species of amphibian and reptile found in the British Isles. It covers the biology, ecology, conservation and identification of the British herpetofauna, and provides keys to adults and young.
Download or read book Amphibians and Reptiles of Georgia written by John B. Jensen and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring more than 475 full-color photographs and 182 maps, this comprehensive guide to the state's diverse herpetofauna makes accessible a wealth of information about 170 species of frogs, salamanders, crocodilians, lizards, snakes, and turtles, including species attributes, behavior, life cycles, habitat, and more.
