Download or read book Genotypic and Phenotypic Variation in Populations of Daphnia Pulex written by Susan Rose Krepp and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Quantitative Genetic Basis of Inducible Defences and Life history Plasticity in Daphnia Pulex written by Julia Reger and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental heterogeneity creates differences in the conditions experienced by individuals and populations across a species range. This may influence phenotypic variation, as distinct genotypes may vary in their ability to respond to changing environmental factors such as temperature, toxins, parasites or predators. The ability of a given genotype to produce more than one phenotype in response to environmental change is known as phenotypic plasticity. For a given population inhabiting a range of environments, phenotypic plasticity can be defined as the mean population-level phenotypic differences among environments and variation around these means is created when genotypes differ in their response to the environmental conditions. This genetic variation in plasticity within a population is often termed genotype-environment interaction (GEI). Here, I used a character state approach within a Bayesian mixed-effects model framework to calculate the amount of phenotypic variance associated with genetic differences among individuals. I examined genetic variation and covariation in predator-induced phenotypic plasticity of Daphnia pulex in response to midge larvae and fish by subjecting a large number of genotypes from either midge- or fish-dominated ponds (predation backgrounds) to a midge and a fish cue treatment. I tested whether predator-induced life-history plasticity differs among different traits and between the two predation backgrounds. I also examined whether GEI differs among traits and between backgrounds and whether the pattern of GEI reflected in cross-treatment genetic correlations between the midge and fish cue treatment varies among traits and between predation histories experienced by D. pulex populations. I found that plasticity and genetic variation in this plasticity differed among life-history and fitness traits and, importantly, these trait-specific patterns depended on the predation history. The underlying genetic relationships of traits across predator cue treatments also depended on the trait considered and the predation background. This study demonstrates that genotype-environment interactions are trait and background specific and this insight arises from a biologically realistic comparison of cross-environmental genetic correlations.
Download or read book Ecological Genetics of Daphnia Pulex in Oneida Lake New York written by Kenneth Joseph Wagner and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phenotypic and Genomic Variations Between and Within Natural Populations in Daphnia Pulex written by Jihyun Won and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Variation in Populations of Daphnia Galeata Mendotae Over Time and Space written by Jennifer Ann Fox and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evolutionary Dynamics of Molecular and Quantitative Genetic Variation in Ephemeral Pond Populations of Daphnia Pulex written by Michael Eugene Pfrender and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Functional Genomics of a Model Ecological Species Daphnia Pulex written by Jacob Wesley Malcom and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Determining the molecular basis of heritable variation in complex, quantitative ecologically important traits will provide insight into the proximate mechanisms driving phenotypic and ecological variation, and the molecular evolutionary history of these traits. Furthermore, if the study organism is a "keystone species" whose presence or absence shapes ecological communities, then we extend our understanding of the effects of molecular variation to the level of communities. I examined the molecular basis of variation in 32 ecologically important traits in the freshwater pond keystone species Daphnia pulex, and identified thousands of candidate genes for which variation may affect not just Daphnia phenotypes, but the structure of communities. I extended the basic results to address two questions: what genes are associated with the offspring size-number trade-off in Daphnia; and can we identify candidate "keystone gene networks" for which variation may have a particularly strong influence on eco-evolutionary dynamics of limnetic communities? I found that different genes, with different biological functions, are associated with the trade-off in subsequent broods, and propose a model linking evolutionary frameworks to molecular biological functions. Next I found that quantitative genetic variation in keystone traits appears to co-vary with the selection regimes to which Daphnia is subject, and identified two candidate gene networks that may underpin this genetic variation. Not only do these results provide a host of molecular hypotheses to be tested as Daphnia matures as a model genomic organism, but they also suggest models that link molecular research with broader themes in ecology, evolution, and behavior.
Download or read book Eco Evolutionary Dynamics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-08-12 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theme of this volume is to discuss Eco-evolutionary Dynamics. Updates and informs the reader on the latest research findings Written by leading experts in the field Highlights areas for future investigation
Download or read book Genetic Variation Within the Daphnia Pulex Genome written by Abraham Eaton Tucker and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Evolution of Sex Determination written by Leo Beukeboom and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-06-12 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual reproduction is a fundamental aspect of life. It is defined by the occurrence of meiosis and the fusion of two gametes of different sexes or mating types. Sex-determination mechanisms are responsible for the sexual fate and development of sexual characteristics in an organism, be it a unicellular alga, a plant, or an animal. In many cases, sex determination is genetic: males and females have different alleles or different genes that specify their sexual morphology. In animals, this is often accompanied by chromosomal differences. In other cases, sex may be determined by environmental (e.g. temperature) or social variables (e.g. the size of an organism relative to other members of its population). Surprisingly, sex-determination mechanisms are not evolutionarily conserved but are bewilderingly diverse and appear to have had rapid turnover rates during evolution. Evolutionary biologists continue to seek a solution to this conundrum. What drives the surprising dynamics of such a fundamental process that always leads to the same outcome: two sex types, male and female? The answer is complex but the ongoing genomic revolution has already greatly increased our knowledge of sex-determination systems and sex chromosomes in recent years. This novel book presents and synthesizes our current understanding, and clearly shows that sex-determination evolution will remain a dynamic field of future research. The Evolution of Sex Determination is an advanced, research level text suitable for graduate students and researchers in genetics, developmental biology, and evolution.
Download or read book Phenotypic Plasticity written by Thomas J. DeWitt and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2004 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic, evolution, adaptation, environment, genotype.
Download or read book Ecological Stoichiometry written by Robert W. Sterner and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-15 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All life is chemical. That fact underpins the developing field of ecological stoichiometry, the study of the balance of chemical elements in ecological interactions. This long-awaited book brings this field into its own as a unifying force in ecology and evolution. Synthesizing a wide range of knowledge, Robert Sterner and Jim Elser show how an understanding of the biochemical deployment of elements in organisms from microbes to metazoa provides the key to making sense of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. After summarizing the chemistry of elements and their relative abundance in Earth's environment, the authors proceed along a line of increasing complexity and scale from molecules to cells, individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems. The book examines fundamental chemical constraints on ecological phenomena such as competition, herbivory, symbiosis, energy flow in food webs, and organic matter sequestration. In accessible prose and with clear mathematical models, the authors show how ecological stoichiometry can illuminate diverse fields of study, from metabolism to global change. Set to be a classic in the field, Ecological Stoichiometry is an indispensable resource for researchers, instructors, and students of ecology, evolution, physiology, and biogeochemistry. From the foreword by Peter Vitousek: ? "[T]his book represents a significant milestone in the history of ecology. . . . Love it or argue with it--and I do both--most ecologists will be influenced by the framework developed in this book. . . . There are points to question here, and many more to test . . . And if we are both lucky and good, this questioning and testing will advance our field beyond the level achieved in this book. I can't wait to get on with it."
Download or read book Eco evolutionary Dynamics written by Andrew P. Hendry and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, scientists have realized that evolution can occur on timescales much shorter than the 'long lapse of ages' emphasized by Darwin - in fact, evolutionary change is occurring all around us all the time. This work provides an authoritative and accessible introduction to eco-evolutionary dynamics, a cutting-edge new field that seeks to unify evolution and ecology into a common conceptual framework focusing on rapid and dynamic environmental and evolutionary change.
Download or read book The Ecology and Evolution of Inducible Defenses written by Ralph Tollrian and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1999-01-17 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inducible defenses--those often dramatic phenotypic shifts in prey activated by biological agents ranging from predators to pathogens--are widespread in the natural world. Yet research on the inducible defenses used by vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants in terrestrial, marine, and freshwater habitats has largely developed along independent lines. Tollrian and Harvell bring together leading researchers from all fields to review common themes and explore emerging ideas. Contributors examine organisms as different as unicellular algae and higher vertebrates, and consider defenses ranging from immune systems to protective changes in morphology, behavior, chemistry, and life history.
Download or read book The Trophic Cascade in Lakes written by Stephen R. Carpenter and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-07-13 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1993 book documents the importance of trophic cascades in aquatic ecology.
Download or read book Phylogeography and Population Genetics in Crustacea written by Christoph Held and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, technological progress and the rise of DNA barcoding efforts have led to a significant increase in the availability of molecular datasets on intraspecific variability. Carcinologists and other organismal biologists, who want to use molecular tools to investigate patterns on the scale of populations, face a bewildering variety of genetic m
Download or read book Genetics and Evolution of Aquatic Organisms written by A. Beaumont and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994-03-31 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together, for the first time, a wide range of up-to-the-minute and traditional techniques and approaches to the study of genetics of organisms living in freshwater or marine habitats. Carefully edited chapters are headed by broad review articles against which are set a number of more specific experience papers which demonstrate the breadth and range of approaches currently being undertaken.
