Download or read book Genomics enabled Breeding for Sorghum Improvement in Sub saharan Africa written by Jacques Martin Faye and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, L. Moench) is a staple cereal food crop for millions of people in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. However, drought due to low and unpredictable rainfall decreases its productivity in semiarid regions. Understanding the genetic architecture of adaptive traits (drought tolerance, photoperiodic flowering time, and panicle architecture) of sorghum germplasm from breeding programs across West Africa could contribute to efficient molecular breeding. Breeding priorities in West African sorghum improvement programs seek to develop drought-adapted varieties with yield advantages, early and moderate maturity. However, field phenotyping for adaptation in early generations is difficult and there is limited technology to rapidly develop better-adapted varieties. This study aimed to dissect the genetic architecture of adaptive traits to develop high-throughput breeder-friendly markers for rapid introgression of adaptive alleles from donor to elites lines. In chapter 1, I describe the sorghum breeding programs in Senegal, the agronomic importance of sorghum types, and genomic approaches for crop improvement in semiarid regions. In chapter 2, I characterize 213,916 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 421 Senegalese sorghum accessions from the USDA-Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) to identify genomic signatures of local adaptation. This study provided insights into the factors shaping the genetic diversity and the molecular systems underlying local adaptation to water scarcity in sorghum, a staple food security crop in Senegal. In chapter 3, I characterize 159,101 SNPs across 756 accessions of the West African sorghum association panel (WASAP) assembled from breeding programs of Senegal, Niger, Mali, and Togo. The genetic diversity structured by botanical types and subpopulations within botanical types across countries and large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for photoperiodic flowering indicate an oligogenic architecture of flowering time in West African sorghum. In chapter 4, I use genome-wide SNP variation from chapter 3 and phenotypic data from multiple managed water stress environments to identify genomic regions associated with drought response. Significantly positive pleiotropic associations contributed to high phenotypic variance and colocalized with known stay-green (Stg) QTLs, suggesting the existence of Stg alleles in West African sorghum. Finally, in chapter 5, I summarize the expected steps to establish genomics-enabled breeding for sorghum improvement in West Africa. The genomic resources developed in this research have allowed for the dissection of the genetic architecture of adaptive traits. The SNPs associated with large-effect QTLs can be converted into high-throughput breeder-friendly markers for use in marker-assisted selection. These resources combined with discoveries from the global scientific community can be used to accelerate and facilitate the development of locally adapted varieties to meet global food demand in semiarid regions of Sub-Saharan Africa.
Download or read book Genomics enabled Breeding for Sorghum in West Africa written by Fanna Maina Assane Mamadou and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In semi-arid regions, staple crop productivity is affected by multiple environmental, biological and socio-economic factors threatening food security. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is adapted to semi-arid and sub-humid zones of West Africa (WA). This crop is cultivated over large areas, corresponding to variable and diversified local contexts. The genetic basis of local adaptation and farmer preferences and their applications in breeding need further studies. Recent genotyping methods have provided access to high-density markers and their applications in breeding. In this thesis, genomic resources of WA germplasm were developed using the genotyping-by-sequencing method (GBS) to understand the genetic diversity and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with yield components under pre-flowering water deficit. Evidence of local adaptation in genomic regions linked to flowering time in sub-humid zones and balancing selection grain pigmentation were found. Phenotyping of the WA sorghum association panel (WASAP) was conducted under experimental water-deficit treatments. Significant variations of yield components were observed suggesting local adaptation and drought tolerance in the WASAP. Genome-wide association studies identified novel QTLs controlling vegetative biomass and grain weight under water deficit treatment. QTLs colocalizing with known genes in various traits were also identified. Furthermore, these genomic resources were used to develop diagnostic markers for resistance to Striga hermonthica, a weed parasite of grass crops, in which resistance is known to be associated with a deletion of a few genes. Using GBS data, single nucleotide polymorphisms in linkage disequilibrium with the deletion to generate breeder-friendly markers were selected. Analyses identified eight SNPs, converted to breeder-friendly markers and tested in biparental populations and diverse germplasm using outsourced genotyping. The findings provide genetic resources to the scientific community and could facilitate genomics-enabled breeding of sorghum in sub-Saharan Africa.
Download or read book Genetics Genomics and Breeding of Sorghum written by Yi-Hong Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum is one of the hardiest crop plants in modern agriculture and also one of the most versatile. Its seeds provide calorie for food and feed, stalks for building and industrial materials and its juice for syrup. This book provides an in-depth review of the cutting-edge knowledge in sorghum genetics and its applications in sorghum breeding. Each chapter is authored by specialists in their fields to report the latest trends and findings. The book showcases the definitive value of sorghum as a model system to study the genetic basis of crop productivity and stress tolerance and will provide a foundation for future studies in sorghum genetics, genomics, and breeding.
Download or read book The Sorghum Genome written by Sujay Rakshit and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-18 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides insights into the current state of sorghum genomics. It particularly focuses on the tools and strategies employed in genome sequencing and analysis, public and private genomic resources and how all this information is leading to direct outcomes for plant breeders. The advent of affordable whole genome sequencing in combination with existing cereal functional genomics data has enabled the leveraging of the significant novel diversity available in sorghum, the genome of which was fully sequenced in 2009, providing an unmatched resource for the genetic improvement of sorghum and other grass species. Cultivated grain sorghum is a food and feed cereal crop adapted to hot and dry climates, and is a staple for 500 million of the world’s poorest people. Globally, sorghum is also an important source of animal feed and forage, an emerging biofuel crop and model for C4 grasses, particularly genetically complex sugarcane.
Download or read book Lost Crops of Africa written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-02-14 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scenes of starvation have drawn the world's attention to Africa's agricultural and environmental crisis. Some observers question whether this continent can ever hope to feed its growing population. Yet there is an overlooked food resource in sub-Saharan Africa that has vast potential: native food plants. When experts were asked to nominate African food plants for inclusion in a new book, a list of 30 species grew quickly to hundreds. All in all, Africa has more than 2,000 native grains and fruitsâ€""lost" species due for rediscovery and exploitation. This volume focuses on native cereals, including: African rice, reserved until recently as a luxury food for religious rituals. Finger millet, neglected internationally although it is a staple for millions. Fonio (acha), probably the oldest African cereal and sometimes called "hungry rice." Pearl millet, a widely used grain that still holds great untapped potential. Sorghum, with prospects for making the twenty-first century the "century of sorghum." Tef, in many ways ideal but only now enjoying budding commercial production. Other cultivated and wild grains. This readable and engaging book dispels myths, often based on Western bias, about the nutritional value, flavor, and yield of these African grains. Designed as a tool for economic development, the volume is organized with increasing levels of detail to meet the needs of both lay and professional readers. The authors present the available information on where and how each grain is grown, harvested, and processed, and they list its benefits and limitations as a food source. The authors describe "next steps" for increasing the use of each grain, outline research needs, and address issues in building commercial production. Sidebars cover such interesting points as the potential use of gene mapping and other "high-tech" agricultural techniques on these grains. This fact-filled volume will be of great interest to agricultural experts, entrepreneurs, researchers, and individuals concerned about restoring food production, environmental health, and economic opportunity in sub-Saharan Africa. Selection, Newbridge Garden Book Club
Download or read book KSU Ag Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book DNA Marker assisted Improvement of the Staple Crops of Sub Saharan Africa written by Abdou Tenkouano and published by IITA. This book was released on 1999 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Integrating New Technologies for Striga Control written by Gebisa Ejeta and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2007 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Witchweeds (Striga species) decimate agriculture in much of Africa and parts of Asia, attacking the major cereal grains and legumes, and halving the already very low yields of subsistence farmers. Several years of research have provided promising technologies, based on the fundamental biology of the parasite?host associations, for dealing with this scourge. However, there is an apparent realization that these technologies will fail because highly successful weeds such as Striga evolve resistance to all types of controls unless proven methods are integrated with each other for a more sustainable solution.Integration is often an anathema to basic scientists who typically deal with single variables and solutions. However, key leaders in the development of the new knowledge-based control strategies, already in the field and under development, recently joined forces to develop strategies and projects in order to integrate the technologies in a symposium in Ethiopia in November 2006. The encouraging results are described in this peer-reviewed book, authored by leaders in the field who have been supplying the basic biology, genetics, biochemistry, and molecular information that have offered insights and generated technologies in how to deal with Striga.
Download or read book Translational Genomics for Crop Breeding Volume 2 written by Rajeev Varshney and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomic Applications for Crop Breeding: Abiotic Stress, Quality and Yield Improvement is the second of two volumes looking at the latest advances in genomic applications to crop breeding. This volume focuses on advances improving crop resistance to abiotic stresses such as extreme heat, drought, flooding as well as advances made in quality and yield improvement. Chapters examine advances in such key crops as rice, maize, and sugarcane, among others. Genomic Applications for Crop Breeding: Abiotic Stress, Quality and Yield Improvement complements the earlier volume on biotic stressors and will be an essential purchase for those interested in crop science and food production.
Download or read book Advances in cassava genomics genetics and breeding written by Xiaofei Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-08 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement written by Mohar Singh and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain legumes, including common-bean, chickpea, pigeonpea, pea, cowpea, lentil and others, form important constituents of global diets, both vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Despite this significant role, global production has increased only marginally in the past 50 years. The slow production growth, along with a rising human population and improved buying capacity has substantially reduced the per capita availability of food legumes. Changes in environmental climate have also had significant impact on production, creating a need to identify stable donors among genetic resources for environmentally robust genes and designing crops resilient to climate change. Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement is the first book to bring together the latest resources in plant genetics and genomics to facilitate the identification of specific germplasm, trait mapping and allele mining to more effectively develop biotic and abiotic-stress-resistant grains. This book will be an invaluable resource for researchers, crop biologists and students working with crop development. - Explores origin, distribution and diversity of grain legumes - Presents information on germplasm collection, evaluation and maintenance - Offers insight into pre-breeding/germplasm enhancement efforts - Integrates genomic and genetic resources in crop improvement - Internationally contributed work
Download or read book Emerging Technologies to Benefit Farmers in Sub Saharan Africa and South Asia written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-02-21 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased agricultural productivity is a major stepping stone on the path out of poverty in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, but farmers there face tremendous challenges improving production. Poor soil, inefficient water use, and a lack of access to plant breeding resources, nutritious animal feed, high quality seed, and fuel and electricity-combined with some of the most extreme environmental conditions on Earth-have made yields in crop and animal production far lower in these regions than world averages. Emerging Technologies to Benefit Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia identifies sixty emerging technologies with the potential to significantly improve agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Eighteen technologies are recommended for immediate development or further exploration. Scientists from all backgrounds have an opportunity to become involved in bringing these and other technologies to fruition. The opportunities suggested in this book offer new approaches that can synergize with each other and with many other activities to transform agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
Download or read book Rice Research for Quality Improvement Genomics and Genetic Engineering written by Aryadeep Roychoudhury and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-29 with total page 779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the conventional breeding approach, and on the latest high-throughput genomics tools and genetic engineering / biotechnological interventions used to improve rice quality. It is the first book to exclusively focus on rice as a major food crop and the application of genomics and genetic engineering approaches to achieve enhanced rice quality in terms of tolerance to various abiotic stresses, resistance to biotic stresses, herbicide resistance, nutritional value, photosynthetic performance, nitrogen use efficiency, and grain yield. The range of topics is quite broad and exhaustive, making the book an essential reference guide for researchers and scientists around the globe who are working in the field of rice genomics and biotechnology. In addition, it provides a road map for rice quality improvement that plant breeders and agriculturists can actively consult to achieve better crop production.
Download or read book A Guide to Sorghum Breeding written by Leland R. House and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genomics of the Saccharinae written by Andrew H. Paterson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-14 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Saccharinae clade of the Poaceae (grass) family of flowering plants includes several important crops with a rich history of contributions to humanity and the promise of still-greater contributions, as a result of some of the highest biomass productivity levels known, resilience to drought and other environmental challenges that are likely to increase, amenability to production systems that may mitigate or even reverse losses of ecological capital such as topsoil erosion, and the recent blossoming of sorghum as a botanical and genomic model for the clade. In Genomics of the Saccharinae, advances of the past decade and earlier are summarized and synthesized to elucidate the current state of knowledge of the structure, function, and evolution of the Sorghum, Saccharum, and Miscanthus genera, and progress in the application of this knowledge to crop improvement. As a backdrop, it is important to understand the naturally occurring diversity in each genus, its organization and distribution, and its evolutionary history. Genomic tools and methods for Saccharinae biology and improvement have improved dramatically in the past few years – a detailed summary of these tools and their applications is a central element of this book. Application of genomic tools to priorities in crop improvement, including understanding and manipulating plant growth and development, composition, and defense, as well as increasing the quality and productivity of seed/grain, sugar, biomass, and other value-added products under a range of conditions and inputs, are addressed. In particular, as the first native African crop to emerge as a genomic model, sorghum offers an excellent case study of challenges and opportunities in linking new advances in biosciences to solving some of Africa’s major agricultural problems. Several members of the clade, exemplified by Sorghum halepense (Johnsongrass) offer insights into weediness and invasion biology. The first sequence for a member of the clade, sorghum, as well as progress and challenges toward sequencing of additional members and the new opportunities that this will create, are also explored. Indeed, the very complexities that have hindered study of some clade members also offer intriguing opportunities to gain insight into fundamental questions such as roles of polyploidy in agricultural productivity and post-polyploidy evolution.
Download or read book Sorghum written by Ignacio A. Ciampitti and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum is among the top five cereals and one of the key crops in global food security efforts. Sorghum is a resilient crop under high-stress environments, ensuring productivity and access to food when other crops fail. Scientists see the potential of sorghum as a main staple food in a future challenged by climate change. The contributors provide a comprehensive review of sorghum knowledge. The discussion covers genetic improvements, development of new hybrids, biotechnology, and physiological modifications. Production topics include water and nutrient management, rotations, and pest control. Final end uses, sorghum as a bioenergy crop, markets, and the future of sorghum are presented. IN PRESS! This book is being published according to the “Just Published” model, with more chapters to be published online as they are completed.
Download or read book Sorghum and Pearl Millet as Climate Resilient Crops for Food and Nutrition Security written by Mahalingam Govindaraj and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-10-03 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
