Download or read book Genome Scale Analysis of Arabidopsis Thaliana Quantitative Disease Resistance to the Generalist Fungal Pathogen Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum written by Thomas Badet and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In nature, plant pathogen interactions are frequent but disease is not the most prevalent outcome. Indeed, plants evolved an efficient immune system able to face multiple pathogen attacks. Getting insights into plant microbe interactions at multiple levels will improve our understanding of how plants defend against pathogens and help building sustainable agronomy. Fungal plant pathogens are major threats to food security worldwide. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an Ascomycete generalist plant pathogen causing mold diseases on hundreds of plant species. There is no genetic source of complete plant resistance to this generalist pathogen known to date. Instead, natural plant populations show a continuum of resistance levels controlled by multiple genes, a phenotype designated as quantitative disease resistance (QDR). Little is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling the interaction between plants and S. sclerotiorum, and more generally which are the molecular bases underlying QDR in plants. My thesis project consisted in a first part in identifying molecular mechanisms underlying QDR to S. sclerotiorum in natural accessions of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. A Genome wide association study (GWAS) allowed me to associate genetic variation with disease resistance to S. sclerotiorum. The analysis pinpointed three genes in A. thaliana genome as putative candidates involved in QDR to S. sclerotiorum. I led the functional characterization of these genes and investigated natural diversity at these loci. The results revealed that a prolyl-oligopeptidase (POQR) and an actin-related protein complex member (ARPC4) are associated with QDR against S. sclerotiorum. The analysis of actin filament networks highlighted their role in response to S. sclerotiorum. Furthermore, I showed that POQR alleles evolved convergently in different plant lineages, suggesting that some QDR molecular mechanisms are conserved across plants. Among fungal parasites, some like S. sclerotiorum are able to infect multiple species while others are restricted to one or few hosts. In the second part of the project, I investigated the properties of S. sclerotiorum genome associated to its ability to infect hundreds of plant species. Theory predicts that generalism comes at a cost and may underlie important fitness trade-offs. At the genome level, some codons (nucleotide triplets) allow more efficient translation than their synonymous. Indeed, the genetic encoding of proteins is redundant with multiple codons specifying the same amino acid. The optimization of codon-usage is a mean to reduce the costs associated with protein production. I analysed codon-usage at the genome level in 45 fungal species to reveal that generalist parasites are highly codon optimized. Moreover, I showed that optimized codons are under purifying selection, suggesting that codon optimization is an adaptation to generalist parasitism in fungi.
Download or read book Genome scale Quantitative Biology of Arabidopsis Thaliana written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Botrytis the Fungus the Pathogen and its Management in Agricultural Systems written by Sabine Fillinger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-16 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fungal genus Botrytis is the focus of intensive scientific research worldwide. The complex interactions between this pathogen and the plants it infects and the economic importance of the diseases caused by Botrytis (principally grey mould) on more than 1400 species of cultivated plants pre- and post-harvest, render this pathogen of particular interest to farmers, advisers, students and researchers in many fields worldwide. This 20-chapter book is a comprehensive treatise covering the rapidly developing science of Botrytis and reflecting the major developments in studies of this fungus. It will serve as a source of general information for specialists in agriculture and horticulture, and also for students and scientists interested in the biology of this fascinating, multifaceted phytopathogenic fungal species.
Download or read book Natural Enemies written by Ann E. Hajek and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-02-12 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Download or read book Glucosinolates written by Jean-Michel Mérillon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive reference compilation on the substance class of glucosinolates. This handbook introduces the reader to the sulfur-containing glucosinolates (S-glucosides), a class of secondary metabolites of almost all plants of the order Capparales, in particular in the family Brassicaceae (e.g. broccoli and other cabbages), derived from glucose and an amino acid. The book illustrates the natural variety of glucosinolate structures, mainly derived from the precursor amino acid. Chapters describe the resulting rich bioactivity of the glucosides, for example as anti-cancer agents, insecticides, nematicides, fungicides, their potential phytotoxic effects, antimicrobial activity and their possible role in neurodegenerative diseases and human health. Different methods for the extraction, characterization, quantification and processing of the glucosinolates are introduced, and potential applications are discussed. The fate of glucosinolates during food processing is also briefly addressed. This handbook is written by leading experts and structured in different sections addressing the natural occurrence of glucosinolates, their (bio-)synthesis, bioactivity, food processing of glucosinolate-containing vegetables, health and disease-related aspects, biotechnology, and methods applied in glucosinolate-research. It is thus a rich reference source for every reader working in the field, from chemists and biotechnologists, to life scientists, pharmacists and medical scientists.
Download or read book Postharvest Decay written by Silvia Bautista-Baños and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a diverse group of research professionals, Postharvest Decay: Control Strategies is aimed at a wide audience, including researchers involved in the study of postharvest handling of agricultural commodities, and undergraduate and graduate students researching postharvest topics. Growers, managers, and operators working at packinghouses and storage, retail, and wholesale facilities can also benefit from this book. The information in this book covers a wide range of topics related to selected fungi, such as taxonomy, infection processes, economic importance, causes of infection, the influence of pre-harvest agronomic practices and the environment, the effect of handling operations, and the strategic controls for each host-pathogen, including traditional and non-traditional alternatives. Includes eleven postharvest fungi causing serious rots in numerous fruits and vegetables Offers selected microorganisms including pathogens of commercially important tropical, subtropical and temperate crops worldwide, such as tomatoes, pears, apples, peaches, citrus, banana, papaya, and mango, among others Presents content developed by recognized and experienced high-level scientists, working in the postharvest pathology area worldwide Provides basic information about each fungus, pre- and postharvest factors that contribute to infection and control measurements, including the use of chemicals and non-traditional methods
Download or read book Endophytes for a Growing World written by Trevor R. Hodkinson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-21 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the role of endophytes in food security, forestry and health. It outlines their general biology, spanning theory to practice.
Download or read book Fungal Pathology written by J.W. Kronstad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together twelve chapters on fungal pathogens with the goal of presenting an overview of the current areas of activity and the common themes that pervade research on these important organisms. The timing of the book is appropriate because we have gained sufficient insight from molecular genetic analyses to begin to make some comparisons between different fungal pathogens and to discuss the key advances that have been made. The chapters provide a broad survey of the important topics in fungal pathogenesis including morphogenesis, virulence, avirulence, and signaling. The reader also will fmd clear discussions of parasitism, mutualism, symbiosis, evolution, phylogeny and ecology for those fungi where these issues are especially important. Finally, many of the chapters in this book illustrate the fact that we are on the verge of a revolution in our understanding of fungal pathogens because of the application of genomics to these organisms and their hosts. The fungi included in this book represent many of the most intensively investigated fungal pathogens of plants; in this regard, a chapter is also included for pathogens in the Phytophthora group, even though these organisms are no longer classified as fungi. It is appropriate to include Phytophthora for historical reasons and, in addition, the insights in terms of pathogenesis and host-specific interactions are important to keep in mind when considering fungal pathogens. Chapters are also included on pathogens of insects and humans, as well as endophytic fungi.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 2372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Mechanism of Crucifer s Host Resistance written by Govind Singh Saharan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-03 with total page 809 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a comprehensive compilation of applied knowledge for developing resistant varieties to all the major biotrophs, hemibiotrophs and necrotrophs pathogens of crucifers through the use of latest biotechnological approaches. The book includes, multi-component resistance, incorporation of non-host resistance gene, function of particular gene in resistance, expression of age related resistance, enhanced gene resistance, sources of alternative gene which enhance disease resistance, through the use of latest biotechnical approaches like proteomics, omics, transcriptomics and metabolomics. The book also explores the molecular basis of disease resistance, its biometabolomics activities in response to infection and interaction by the various biotrophs, hemibiotrophs and necrotrophs pathogens. The identification of R genes and its incorporation into agronomically superior varieties through use of molecular mechanisms is also explained. This compilation is immensely useful to the researchers especially Brassica breeders, teachers, extension specialists, students, industrialists, farmers, and all others who are interested to grow healthy, and profitable cruciferous crops all over the world.
Download or read book Molecular Aspects of Plant Pathogen Interaction written by Archana Singh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-15 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book offers an integrated overview of plant–pathogen interactions. It discusses all the steps in the pathway, from the microbe–host-cell interface and the plant’s recognition of the microbe to the plant’s defense response and biochemical alterations to achieve tolerance / resistance. It also sheds light on the classes of pathogens (bacteria, fungus and viruses); effector molecules, such as PAMPs; receptor molecules like PRRs and NBS-LRR proteins; signaling components like MAPKs; regulatory molecules, such as phytohormones and miRNA; transcription factors, such as WRKY; defense-related proteins such as PR-proteins; and defensive metabolites like secondary metabolites. In addition, it examines the role of post-genomics, high-throughput technology (transcriptomics and proteomics) in studying pathogen outbreaks causing crop losses in a number of plants. Providing a comprehensive picture of plant-pathogen interaction, the updated information included in this book is valuable for all those involved in crop improvement.
Download or read book The Lichen Symbiosis written by Vernon Ahmadjian and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1993-08-30 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not only an invaluable reference to what is known about lichen bionts and their interactions but also a guide to future studies. Compares various aspects of lichen-forming bionts with those of other fungi, algae and cyanobacteria. Features in-depth descriptions of culture methods. Includes over 1000 references representing a selective sampling in such subjects as air pollution, photosynthesis and respiration.
Download or read book Genetics and Genomics of the Brassicaceae written by Renate Schmidt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-03 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Genetics and Genomics of the Brassicaceae provides a review of this important family (commonly termed the mustard family, or Cruciferae). The family contains several cultivated species, including radish, rocket, watercress, wasabi and horseradish, in addition to the vegetable and oil crops of the Brassica genus. There are numerous further species with great potential for exploitation in 21st century agriculture, particularly as sources of bioactive chemicals. These opportunities are reviewed, in the context of the Brassicaceae in agriculture. More detailed descriptions are provided of the genetics of the cultivated Brassica crops, including both the species producing most of the brassica vegetable crops (B. rapa and B. oleracea) and the principal species producing oilseed crops (B. napus and B. juncea). The Brassicaceae also include important “model” plant species. Most prominent is Arabidopsis thaliana, the first plant species to have its genome sequenced. Natural genetic variation is reviewed for A. thaliana, as are the genetics of the closely related A. lyrata and of the genus Capsella. Self incompatibility is widespread in the Brassicaceae, and this subject is reviewed. Interest arising from both the commercial value of crop species of the Brassicaceae and the importance of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model species, has led to the development of numerous resources to support research. These are reviewed, including germplasm and genomic library resources, and resources for reverse genetics, metabolomics, bioinformatics and transformation. Molecular studies of the genomes of species of the Brassicaceae revealed extensive genome duplication, indicative of multiple polyploidy events during evolution. In some species, such as Brassica napus, there is evidence of multiple rounds of polyploidy during its relatively recent evolution, thus the Brassicaceae represent an excellent model system for the study of the impacts of polyploidy and the subsequent process of diploidisation, whereby the genome stabilises. Sequence-level characterization of the genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa are presented, along with summaries of comparative studies conducted at both linkage map and sequence level, and analysis of the structural and functional evolution of resynthesised polyploids, along with a description of the phylogeny and karyotype evolution of the Brassicaceae. Finally, some perspectives of the editors are presented. These focus upon the Brassicaceae species as models for studying genome evolution following polyploidy, the impact of advances in genome sequencing technology, prospects for future transcriptome analysis and upcoming model systems.
Download or read book Induced Resistance for Plant Defence written by Dale Walters and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant diseases worldwide are responsible for billions of dollarsworth of crop losses every year. With less agrochemicals being usedand less new fungicides coming on the market due to environmentalconcerns, more effort is now being put into the use of geneticpotential of plants for pathogen resistance and the development ofinduced or acquired resistance as an environmentally safe means ofdisease control. This comprehensive book examines in depth the development andexploitation of induced resistance. Chapters review currentknowledge of the agents that can elicit induced resistance,genomics, signalling cascades, mechanisms of defence to pests andpathogens and molecular tools. Further chapters consider thetopical application of inducers for disease control, microbialinduction of pathogen resistance, transgenic approaches, pathogenpopulation biology, trade offs associated with induced resistanceand integration of induced resistance in crop protection. The bookconcludes with a consideration of socio-economic driversdetermining the use of induced resistance, and the future ofinduced resistance in crop protection.
Download or read book Extracellular Glycolipids of Yeasts written by Ekaterina Kulakovskaya and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extracellular Glycolipids of Yeasts: Biodiversity, Biochemistry, and Prospects provides a comprehensive view of the biochemistry, biological activity, and practical application of extracellular glycolipids of yeast. This book brings much-needed clarity to the complex topic of glycolipids and streamlines the rather confusing terminology used for glycolipids. It also provides a wealth of modern data on their composition, structure and properties, biosynthetic pathways, methods of isolation and identification, antifungal activity, and mechanisms of action. Studies of extracellular glycolipids of yeast now draw the attention of researchers in life science and biotechnology due to numerous recently revealed biological properties of these compounds. These compounds are scientifically and practically promising in medicine and agriculture due to their biosurfactant and fungicidal properties, as well as a number of other biological activities. Extracellular Glycolipids of Yeasts gives researchers studying biochemistry of microorganisms and related biologically active compounds a much-needed guide to the basic data that will aid in these increasingly generative pursuits. Provides a clear overview of the basic data on yeast biosurfactants using a simple survey-style approach Delivers comprehensive view of biochemistry, biological activity, and practical application of yeasts to aid in their scientific and practical use Clarifies and simplifies the complex topic of glycolipids, and its often-confusing terminology
Download or read book The Fungi written by Michael J. Carlile and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2001-01-09 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of The Fungi provides a comprehensive introduction to the importance of fungi in the natural world and in practical applications, from a microbiological perspective.
Download or read book Recent Developments on Genus Chaetomium written by Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-27 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chaetomium genus was established by Gustav Kunze in 1817. According to Index Fungorum Partnership, there are 273 Chaetomium species accepted till now. Members of the genus Chaetomium are capable of colonizing various substrates and are well-known for their ability to degrade cellulose and to produce a variety of bioactive metabolites. More than 200 compounds have been reported from this genus. A huge number of new and bioactive secondary metabolites associated with unique and diverse structural types, such as chaetoglobosins, epipolythiodioxopiperazines, azaphilones, depsidones, xanthones, anthraquinones, chromones, and steroids, have been isolated and identified. Many of the compounds have been reported to possess significant biological activities, such as antitumor, antimalarial, cytotoxic, enzyme inhibitory, antimicrobial, phytotoxic, antirheumatoid and other activities. Chaetomium taxa are frequently reported to be cellulase and ligninase producers with the ability to degrade cellulosic and woody materials. This is the first, comprehensive volume covering Chaetomium genus in detail. It includes the latest research, methods, and applications, and was written by scholars working directly in the field. The book also contains informative illustrations and is fully referenced for further reading.
