Download or read book Genetics of Resistance to Potyviruses Impacting Snap Bean Phaseolus Vulgaris L Production in the United States written by John Patrick Hart and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important crop to diversified vegetable production in the Great Lakes Region of the United States, but an aphid-transmitted virus disease complex threatens sustainable production. The component viruses include the potyviruses Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV) and Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) that are acquired and transmitted rapidly by dispersing aphid vectors. This situation necessitates the identification, introgression, and deployment of plant virus resistance alleles to achieve effective and ecologically sensitive control. Genetic variation for resistance to ClYVV was characterized at the phenotypic and molecular genetic levels. The relationship of three previously putative independent resistance alleles, cyv, desc, and bc-3 was resolved into an allelic series at the Bc-3 locus where the strain and species-specific resistance spectrum was allele specific. Given previous advances, this pathosystem presented an immediate candidate gene, P. vulgaris eIF4E (PveIF4E), as the molecular basis for resistance. A complete association between specific non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and virus resistance led to the identification of the putative molecular determinants for resistance to ClYVV and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) strain NL 3 D. PveIF4E allele specific assays were developed for rapid introgression of bc-3 and the novel bc-32 allele into bean breeding programs. Phenotypic evaluation and the allele specific assays were used to further characterize ClYVV resistance in a large and representative sample of common bean genetic diversity. The result was the identification of novel ClYVV resistance in all major market classes, and the validation of the use of the assays for allele mining in germplasm collections. These efforts also lead to the phenotypic identification of ClYVV resistance alleles at independent loci, and established a model for resistance that now includes By-2 and the bc-u, bc-22 combination. The novel and highly efficient genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) method was adapted to common bean and used to map the position of the By-2 allele for resistance to BYMV and ClYVV. By-2 was mapped to within a 974k kb region on the distal portion of chromosome 2. This effort generated genomic resources for fine mapping and assays that were also validated for marker-assisted selection.
Download or read book The Genetics and Evolution of Potyvirus written by Marcia Lynn Fisher and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The I Gene and Broad Spectrum Plant Virus Resistance in Phaseolus Vulgaris L written by Margaret Miller Kyle and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toward Genomics based Breeding in Phaseolus Vulgaris and Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping of Angular Leaf Spot Resistance written by Tamara Iva Miller and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is consumed by millions of people worldwide and is a staple source of protein, starch and micronutrients. Common bean production across the world is affected by abiotic and biotic stresses that limit the growth and yield of this important crop. Efforts to breed improved common bean for dissemination to farmers and consumers in East Africa is underway in several breeding programs worldwide. Improvement on agronomic and consumer traits such as disease resistance can be greatly aided by the application of next generation sequencing technologies. With the decreasing cost of DNA sequencing, genomic re-sequencing of diverse common bean accessions facilitates marker- assisted breeding that can be used to speed the creation of new common bean cultivars. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is an important aspect of modern bean breeding that seeks to utilize genetic markers to select individuals with improved agronomic and consumer traits. For example, breeders in the African Bean Consortium seek to introgress known genetic loci conferring resistance to multiple diseases into bean genetic backgrounds with preferred seed and agronomic characteristics. However, the usefulness of markers is dependent on whether they are polymorphic in the specific parents of the breeding program. Often genetic markers identified in a specific plant population are not useful for marker assisted selection among a different set of bean parents, which necessitates identification of novel markers linked to the genes of interest that are polymorphic among breeding parents. One disease that greatly affects common bean production in humid tropical and sub-tropical growing regions is Angular Leaf Spot (ALS; caused by the foliar fungus Pseudocercospora griseola Sacc.). Marker assisted breeding is being used in multiple different bean breeding programs to improve the resistance of adapted cultivars to ALS. The ALS resistance locus, Phg-2, is an important resistance locus used to improve plant resistance to Angular Leaf Spot in South America and Pan Africa, however in the case of the African Bean Consortium breeding programs in East Africa, certain bean parents used for breeding were monomorphic for the original marker used to perform marker assisted selection of Phg-2. In order to facilitate marker assisted selection of Phg-2 in specific breeding parents used in the Uganda bean improvement program, an alternative, co-dominant, marker linked to the Phg-2 ALS resistance locus was developed (Chapter 1). A new marker, g796, was identified which is polymorphic among the breeding parents; its co-segregation was confirmed in a segregating F2 population derived from the cross between French bean variety Amy and the ALS resistance donor, Mexico 54. This work was conducted in collaboration with Stephen Kimno and Esther Arunga at Embu University, Kenya, as well as other members of the African Bean Consortium bean breeding programs in Tanzania, Uganda, and Ethiopia. The application of DNA sequencing to marker-assisted breeding and crop improvement is rapidly becoming common in the development of improved bean varieties. A nearly complete reference genome and transcriptome for Phaseolus vulgaris was released in 2014 and newly resequenced genomes of diverse bean accessions are being developed for the purpose of marker assisted breeding. In Chapter 2, whole-genome resequencing of 29 bean accessions, including accessions commonly used as breeding parents, was carried out in collaboration with the Ratz lab at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT, Colombia). Genetic diversity analysis was performed in order to access the evolutionary relationships between the sequenced bean genomes. Data generated by this work was made available to the larger bean research community and will be used by breeders and geneticists to perform marker-assisted selection and genetic analysis in the future. Angular leaf spot (ALS) occurs throughout Eastern and Southern Africa (as well as other parts of the world) and can cause yield losses up to 80% in environments that favor the disease. ALS is caused by the fungal pathogen, Pseudocercospora griseola, a highly diverse pathogen with many different races that infect diverse types of bean hosts. Growing crop cultivars with genetic resistance to the disease is one of the most effective measures for farmers to reduce crop losses due to ALS. The landrace Mexico 54 is used as a donor for ALS resistance in East Africa and marker-assisted selection of the Phg-2 ALS resistance locus from Mexico 54 is underway in multiple breeding programs in order to increase the resistance of adapted bean germplasm in East Africa and Brazil. Previous allelism tests between different ALS resistance donors suggested additional resistance loci exist in Mexico 54 besides the Phg-2 locus and were named Phg-5 and Phg-6. The genomic locations of the proposed Phg-5 and Phg-6 resistance genes in Mexico 54 have never been investigated, however, the existence of multiple resistance loci in Mexico 54 is likely the cause of its high level of resistance to ALS on multiple continents. In Chapter 3, a biparental mapping population consisting of 167 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) was derived from a cross between Kablanketi, a preferred bean market type in Tanzania, and Mexico 54 in order to map additional quantitative trait loci that confer resistance to ALS in Mexico 54. The identification of novel ALS resistance loci will aid breeders to develop resistant cultivars as well as provide a greater understanding of the genetic diversity that influences resistance to ALS.
Download or read book Plant Virus Disease Control written by A. Hadidi and published by American Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 1998 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an emphasis on plant viruses and virus control methods that have a significant economic impact, 32 chapters present information on diseases which affect fruits, grains, sugarcane, potatoes, peanuts, and other crops. The chapters are organized into sections on: conventional, biochemical, and molecular approaches to resistance building; control of viral vectors; quarantine and certification; elimination; and detection. Eighteen additional chapters discuss the present status of disease control for specific viruses and viroids from around the world, examples of which include barley yellow dwarf virus, rice tungro virus, and tomato yellow leaf curl disease. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Effect of Variety Planting Date and Plant Population on Yield and Quality of Snap Bean Phaseolus Vulgaris L Seed written by Tarciso de Sousa Filgueiras and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of these experiments were to determine the feasibility of saving seed from snap bean fields in the Willamette Valley that have been bypassed for canning and freezing, and to study the effects of different seed production methods on yield and quality of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Field experiments were conducted over a period of two years at the Oregon State University Vegetable Research Farm at Corvallis. The cultivars OSU 1604 and Asgrow 290 were used in these trials. Planting dates in 1975 were May 17, June 20, and July 3, and in 1976 were April 29, May 13, June 4, and June 22. Seeding rates of 165,000, 330,000 and 495,000 seeds/ha were used in both years. The quality of the harvested seed was assessed in terms of germination, seed size, protein content, seedling root length, seedling dry weight, halo blight infection, and field performance. The data indicate that technically it is feasible to produce snap bean seed in the Willamette Valley with yield and quality equal to those produced in traditional seed production areas. It is also suggested that high quality bean seed can be harvested from fields that have been bypassed for processing, provided they have been planted. The seed production methods tested affected nearly all aspects of the crop. Early plantings provided greater yields and delayed plantings decreased yields up to 62%. When planting was delayed until July 3, no seed was harvested because the crop did not mature before the fall rains. The three seeding rates tested did not affect total seed yield appreciably. Laboratory evaluations in 1975 showed no appreciable effects of planting date and seeding rate on seed quality. Field evaluation, however, showed that for Asgrow 290, seeds from the second planting had better stands and produced 20% more pods than seeds from the first planting. Likewise, seeds grown at low density produced 10% and 23% more pods than seeds grown at medium and high densities, respectively. OSU 1604 was not affected by cultural practices. In 1976, yield and seed quality of both cultivars were affected by planting date and seeding rate in the following ways: early plantings and low seeding rates produced greater yields, larger and heavier seeds and heavier seedlings. Late plantings and high seeding rates depressed yields, seed size and seedling weight. Protein content of seed was not affected by either of these variables.
Download or read book Improving Snap Bean Phaseolus Vulgaris L Production Under Reduced Input Systems written by Hussien Beshir and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Resistance to Viruses written by David Evered and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concern about the environmental consequences of the widespread use of pesticides has increased, and evidence of pesticide-resistant virus vectors have continued to emerge. This volume presents a timely survey of the mechanisms of plant resistance and examines current developments in breeding for resistance, with particular emphasis on advances in genetic engineering which allow for the incorporation of viral genetic material into plants. Discusses the mechanisms of innate resistance in strains of tobacco, tomato, and cowpea; various aspects of induced resistance, including the characterization and roles of the pathogenesis-related proteins; antiviral substances and their comparison with interferon; and cross-protection between plant virus strains. Also presents several papers which evaluate the status of genetic engineering as it relates to breeding resistant plants. Among these are discussions of the potential use of plant viruses as gene vectors, gene coding for viral coat protein, satellite RNA, and antisense RNA, and practical issues such as the durability of resistant crop plants in the field.
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Common Bean Genome written by Marcelino Pérez de la Vega and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-20 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides insights into the genetics and the latest advances in genomics research on the common bean, offering a timely overview of topics that are pertinent for future developments in legume genomics. The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important grain legume crop for food consumption worldwide, as well as a model for legume research, and the availability of the genome sequence has completely changed the paradigm of the ongoing research on the species. Key topics covered include the numerous genetic and genomic resources, available tools, the identified genes and quantitative trait locus (QTL) identified, and there is a particular emphasis on domestication. It is a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in the genetics and genomics of the common bean and legumes in general.
Download or read book Potyvirus Taxonomy written by Ortus W. Barnett and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of economically important diseases are caused by potyviruses, the largest group of plant viruses. Many of these diseases are distributed worldwide. The development of effective control strategies against viruses is dependent on the availability of reliable methods of identification and detection. To date this has not seemed possible for the potyvirus group, because of its size, complexity, and immense variation. This book brings together the collaborative efforts of exports in the field. It summarizes characteristics of potyviruses which relate to their taxonomy and points to areas which require consideration before an international consensus can be reached. Main topics dealt with in detail are: serological relationships, nucleic acid sequence information, biological properties, and specific problems with several virus subgroups or pairs of viruses.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Common Bean Improvement in the Twenty First Century written by S.P. Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) is the most important pulse crop in the world. It is an important source of calories, proteins, dietary fibers, minerals, and vitamins for millions of people in both developing and developed countries worldwide. It complements cereals and other carbohydrate-rich foods in providing near-perfect nutrition to people of all ages. Moreover, a regular intake ofbeans helps lower cholesterol and cancer risks. Despite the fact that per capita consumption of common bean in some developed countries (e. g. , the U. S. A. ) has been increasing over the last several years, in general, the average global per capita consumption is declining because production is unable to keep up with the population growth. Moreover, increasing demand for pesticide-free food products, concern for natural resources conservation, and the need to reduce production costs offer daunting challenges to the twenty-first century policy makers, bean growers, and researchers alike. High yielding, high quality bean cultivars that require less water, fertilizers, pesticides, and manual labor combined with integrated management of abiotic and biotic stresses will have to be developed. Eminent bean researchers were invited to contemplate these issues, prepare a state-of-the-art account on most relevant topics, and offer their insight into research directions into the twenty-first century. Four excellent books have been published covering various aspects ofthe common bean since 1980. These books are: I) Bean Production Problems nd in the Tropics (l SI ed. 1980, 2 ed. 1989), H. F. Schwartz & M. A.
Download or read book Seed borne plant virus diseases written by K. Subramanya Sastry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-05 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seeds provide an efficient means in disseminating plant virus and viroid diseases. The success of modern agriculture depends on pathogen free seed with high yielding character and in turn disease management. There is a serious scientific concern about the transmission of plant viruses sexually through seed and asexually through plant propagules. The present book provides the latest information along with the total list of seed transmitted virus and viroid diseases at global level including, the yield losses, diagnostic techniques, mechanism of seed transmission, epidemiology and virus disease management aspects. Additional information is also provided on the transmission of plant virus and virus-like diseases through vegetative propagules. It is also well known that seed transmitted viruses are introduced into new countries and continents during large-scale traffic movements through infected germplasm and plant propogules. The latest diagnostic molecular techniques in different virus-host combinations along with disease management measures have been included. The book shall be a good reference source and also a text book to the research scientists, teachers, students of plant pathology, agriculture, horticulture, life sciences, green house managers, professional entrepreneurs, persons involved in quarantines and seed companies. This book has several important features of seed transmitted virus diseases and is a good informative source and thus deserves a place in almost all university libraries, seed companies and research organizations.
Download or read book Sustainable Agriculture Reviews written by Eric Lichtfouse and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-19 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features articles that analyze current agricultural issues and knowledge. It also proposes novel, environmentally friendly solutions that are based on integrated information from such fields as agronomy, soil science, molecular biology, chemistry, toxicology, ecology, economics and the social sciences.Coverage examines ways to produce food and energy in a sustainable way for humans and their children. Inside, readers will find articles that explore climate change, increasing food and fuel prices, poor-nation starvation, rich-nation obesity, water pollution, soil erosion, fertility loss, pest control and biodiversity depletion. Instead of solving problems using the classical painkiller approach, which seeks to limit negative impacts, sustainable agriculture treats challenges at their source. Because most societal issues are in fact intertwined, global, and fast-developing, sustainable agriculture will bring solutions that have the potential to build a more peaceful world. This book will help scientists, decision-makers, professors, farmers and politicians build safer agriculture, energy and food systems for future generations.
Download or read book Applied Genetics of Leguminosae Biotechnology written by Pawan K. Jaiwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legumes include many very important crop plants that contribute very critical protein to the diets of both humans and animals around the world. Their unique ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in association with Rhizobia enriches soil fertility, and establishes the importance of their niche in agriculture. Divided into two volumes, this work presents an up-to-date analysis of in vitro and recombinant DNA technologies for the improvement of grain, forage and tree legumes. Volume 10B presents the current state and future prospects of in vitro regeneration and genetic transformation expression and stability of transgenes modification of traits in almost all the important legumes, for example: soybean; peanut; pea; french bean; chick pea; pigeon pea; cowpea; mung bean; black gram; azuki bean; lentil; Lathyrus; lupinus; Lotus spp; Medicago spp; Trifolium spp; Winged bean; Guar; and tree legumes for their improvement.
Download or read book Common Beans written by Oswaldo Voysest and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
