Download or read book Genetic Variation for Disease Resistance in Rainbow Trout written by Gareth Butterfield and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-05 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD) caused by the Malacosporean parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, is the most economically damaging disease of British rainbow trout farming, costing the industry in excess of £2.5 million per annum. With no vaccine or prophylactic treatment available, and only management techniques currently adopted to minimise the stress and mortality associated with the disease, the research undertaken within this book addresses a potential alternative approach; selective breeding. The book will explain the investigation undertaken to identify that selective breeding for PKD resistance is possible, and how the level of additive genetic variation was calculated, allowing estimates of heritability to be documented for commercial strains of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
Download or read book Genetic Variation for Disease Resistance in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss written by Gareth Melgalvis Butterfield and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD) caused by the Malacosporean parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, is presently the most economically damaging disease of British rainbow trout farming, costing the industry in excess of £2.5 million per annum in the UK alone. With no vaccine or prophylactic treatment available, and only management techniques currently adopted to minimise the stress and mortality associated with the disease, alternative approaches must now be considered. This document investigates if selective breeding for PKD resistance is possible by assessing the level of additive genetic variation, and calculating the subsequent estimates of heritability, for commercial strains of rainbow trout. During a PKD outbreak on a commercial farm, 1500 communally reared juvenile rainbow trout from two strains (Houghton Spring and Isle of Man) were sampled on a single day, their body weight and fork length measured, and severity of kidney swelling scored according to the scale of Clifton-Hadley et al. (1987). Fish were assigned to individual families using microsatellite parentage assignment. Significant additive genetic variation was observed in the population, and families were ranked according to estimated breeding values. A combined estimate of heritability (h2 = 0.19 ± 0.08) for kidney score suggests the population will respond well to selective breeding for kidney score, which may be deemed a measure of resistance, whilst the favourable genetic correlations between kidney score and the production traits measured suggest simultaneous selection for kidney score and growth traits should also be effective. In order to support the findings of the initial research, controlled challenge experiments were conducted. Using the family EBV information on kidney score from the IoM strain (due to its certification as a disease-free site), four females, two with high and two with low response to PKD, were each crossed with a randomly selected neomale to produce twenty two families for PKD challenge experiments. The PKD experimental challenges showed evidence of additive genetic variation to kidney score over an eleven week period, supporting initial findings. A low score was deemed as evidence of greater resistance to the parasite in this study. Although female EBV was taken into consideration in the statistical model, there was found to be no significant difference in resistance according to family. Immunohistochemistry stained kidney sections from each individual involved in the challenges proved kidney score correlated significantly to the number of parasites in the kidney, suggesting that the scale of Clifton-Hadley et al. (1987) is a sufficient and accurate basis on which to describe the severity of PKD, and infection level in rainbow trout. Having discovered evidence that furunculosis, causative agent Aeromonas salmonicida, plays a major role in the mortality of fish suffering from PKD in the field, the bacterial disease was investigated to assess the resistance of the same families used in the PKD challenges. Twenty one of the families were used to discover that additive genetic variation for resistance to furunculosis is apparent when assessed as both a binary and longitudinal trait, suggesting significant genetic improvement can be made to increase resistance to furunculosis in the IoM stock. No significant correlation was observed between kidney score, EBV, and resistance to this bacterium, but there was a positive phenotypic correlation found between furunculosis resistance and size, suggesting simultaneous selection for performance and resistance is possible within this population.
Download or read book Breeding for Disease Resistance in Farm Animals written by Stephen C. Bishop and published by CABI. This book was released on 2010 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition provides an updated review of the principles of animal breeding for advanced health and disease resistance. Authored by experts, it uses examples covering many diseases of importance to livestock production across all major livestock species. Topics include techniques and approaches, viruses, Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs), bacteria, parasites, vectors, and broader health issues seen in production systems, including metabolic diseases.
Download or read book Genetic Variation of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss in Jenny Creek Oregon written by Kenneth P. Currens and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selective Breeding in Aquaculture an Introduction written by Trygve Gjedrem and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-17 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The foundation of quantitative genetics theory was developed during the last century and facilitated many successful breeding programs for cultivated plants and t- restrial livestock. The results have been almost universally impressive, and today nearly all agricultural production utilises genetically improved seed and animals. The aquaculture industry can learn a great deal from these experiences, because the basic theory behind selective breeding is the same for all species. The ?rst published selection experiments in aquaculture started in 1920 s to improve disease resistance in ?sh, but it was not before the 1970 s that the ?rst family based breeding program was initiated for Atlantic salmon in Norway by AKVAFORSK. Unfortunately, the subsequent implementation of selective breeding on a wider scale in aquaculture has been slow, and despite the dramatic gains that have been demonstrated in a number of species, less than 10% of world aquaculture production is currently based on improved stocks. For the long-term sustainability of aquaculture production, there is an urgent need to develop and implement e- cient breeding programs for all species under commercial production. The ability for aquaculture to successfully meet the demands of an ever increasing human p- ulation, will rely on genetically improved stocks that utilise feed, water and land resources in an ef?cient way. Technological advances like genome sequences of aquaculture species, and advanced molecular methods means that there are new and exciting prospects for building on these well-established methods into the future.
Download or read book Genomics in Aquaculture written by Simon A MacKenzie and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-07-29 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomics in Aquaculture is a concise, must-have reference that describes current advances within the field of genomics and their applications to aquaculture. Written in an accessible manner for anyone—non-specialists to experts alike—this book provides in-depth coverage of genomics spanning from genome sequencing, to transcriptomics and proteomics. It provides, for ease of learning, examples from key species most relevant to current intensive aquaculture practice. Its coverage of minority species that have a specific biological interest (e.g., Pleuronectiformes) makes this book useful for countries that are developing such species. It is a robust, practical resource that covers foundational, functional, and applied aspects of genomics in aquaculture, presenting the most current information in a field of research that is rapidly growing. - Provides the latest scientific methods and technologies to maximize efficiencies for healthy fish production, with summary tables for quick reference - Offers an extended glossary of technical and methodological terms to help readers better understand key biological concepts - Describes state-of-the-art technologies, such as transcriptomics and epigenomics, currently under development for future perspective of the field - Covers minority species that have a specific biological interest (e.g., Pleuronectiformes), making the book useful to countries developing such species
Download or read book Genetic Variation of Rainbow Trout from the Snake River and Harney Basins written by Kenneth P. Currens and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genomics in Aquaculture to Better Understand Species Biology and Accelerate Genetic Progress written by José Manuel Yáñez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a global perspective aquaculture is an activity related to food production with large potential for growth. Considering a continuously growing population, the efficiency and sustainability of this activity will be crucial to meet the needs of protein for human consumption in the near future. However, for continuous enhancement of the culture of both fish and shellfish there are still challenges to overcome, mostly related to the biology of the cultured species and their interaction with (increasingly changing) environmental factors. Examples of these challenges include early sexual maturation, feed meal replacement, immune response to infectious diseases and parasites, and temperature and salinity tolerance. Moreover, it is estimated that less than 10% of the total aquaculture production in the world is based on populations genetically improved by means of artificial selection. Thus, there is considerable room for implementing breeding schemes aimed at improving productive traits having significant economic impact. By far the most economically relevant trait is growth rate, which can be efficiently improved by conventional genetic selection (i.e. based on breeding values of selection candidates). However, there are other important traits that cannot be measured directly on selection candidates, such as resistance against infectious and parasitic agents and carcass quality traits (e.g. fillet yield and meat color). However, these traits can be more efficiently improved using molecular tools to assist breeding programs by means of marker-assisted selection, using a few markers explaining a high proportion of the trait variation, or genomic selection, using thousands of markers to estimate genomic breeding values. The development and implementation of new technologies applied to molecular biology and genomics, such as next-generation sequencing methods and high-throughput genotyping platforms, are allowing the rapid increase of availability of genomic resources in aquaculture species. These resources will provide powerful tools to the research community and will aid in the determination of the genetic factors involved in several biological aspects of aquaculture species. In this regard, it is important to establish discussion in terms of which strategies will be more efficient to solve the primary challenges that are affecting aquaculture systems around the world. The main objective of this Research Topic is to provide a forum to communicate recent research and implementation strategies in the use of genomics in aquaculture species with emphasis on (1) a better understanding of fish and shellfish biological processes having considerable impact on aquaculture systems; and (2) the efficient incorporation of molecular information into breeding programs to accelerate genetic progress of economically relevant traits.
Download or read book Neuroendocrine immune Interactions written by Rolf C. Gaillard and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interactions between the immune, endocrine and nervous systems seldom appear as main issues in the neurosciences and in immunology. So far this was most likely due to the need to focus on the molecular and cellular bases of single neural, endocrine and immune processes. But hormones, neurotransmitters and neuropeptides can also influence more subtle mechanisms underlying immune cell activity. The contents of this volume aim at listing some aspects which show that not only the bases for neuroendocrine control of more refined mechanisms related to the organization and functioning of the immune systems to exist, but also that the immune system can actively communicate with neuroendocrine structures. The evidence is divided into three categories: - Anatomical, cellular and molecular bases for the exchange of information between immune, endocrine and neural cells, - reciprocal effects between immune and neuroendocrine mechanisms, and - immune-neuroendocrine regulatory circuits. Immunologically triggered neuroendocrine responses can be either beneficial or deleterious for the host. A systematic approach would imply the simultaneous evaluation of neuroendocrine and immune parameters and thus provide the basis for therapeutic interventions based on antagonizing or blocking undesirable effects.
Download or read book Genetic Variation in the Rainbow Trout Population in the Firehole River written by David Lawrence Browne and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Variability in a Species Possessing Extensive Gene Duplication written by Frederick William Allendorf and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Increasing Levels of Genetic Variation in Erwin Rainbow Trout by Backcrossing with Arlee X Erwin Hybrids written by Robb F. Leary and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Variation Among Strains of Hatchery reared Rainbow Trout Salmo Gairdneri written by Tasaduq S. Husain and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Variability in Conservation and Selection Programs in the Post Genomics Era written by Maria Saura and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-22 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Download or read book Genetic Research on Commercially Exploited Fish Species in Nordic Countries written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrophoretic Survey of Protein Variation in Eight Strains of Rainbow Trout Salmo Gairdneri from the U S Fish and Wildlife Service Genetic Laboratory written by George B. Milner and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetics in Aquaculture written by Graham A.E. Gall and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, the proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Genetics in Aquaculture, builds on the foundations laid down at the first symposium, held in Galway, Ireland in 1982 (Aquaculture, Volume 33), as well as those laid down at the second, held in Davis, California, USA in 1985 (Genetics in Aquaculture II), and the third, held in Trondheim, Norway in 1988 (Genetics in Aquaculture III). It addresses specific problems and developments in this field, demonstrating the tremendous breadth of research activity as well as the complexity of issues in aquaculture genetics. This book will be of great value to aquaculturists, fisheries scientists and marine biologists.(The above-mentioned proceedings of the first three conferences are still available).
