Download or read book Genetic Variation and the Response to Abiotic Stress in Cultivated Sunflower helianthus Annuus L Seedlings written by Rishi R. Masalia and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to numerous environmental stresses during their lifetimes. These include challenges related to drought, salinity, and low nutrient availability, all of which can negatively impact plant growth and development and reduce crop yields. Currently, drought and nutrient limitation are offset through increased irrigation and fertilizer application, however, these agricultural inputs are environmentally, economically, and energetically costly. Moreover, irrigation can lead to soil salinization. Attention has thus turned to the development of increasingly resilient crops, but such efforts require knowledge of the mechanistic basis of variation in growth and performance under stress. Here, I describe research aimed at characterizing genetic variation underlying seedling growth traits in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under well-watered and water-limited (i.e., osmotic stress), as well as the phenotypic and transcriptomic response of such seedlings to multiple water-related stresses as well as nutrient limitation. Genome-wide association studies revealed that cultivated sunflower harbors substantial variation for seedling growth and root-related traits under both well-watered and water-limited conditions, with evidence that many of the significantly associated regions had consistent effects across environments. Moreover, the transcriptomic response to water-related stresses (drought, osmotic, and salt), revealed that over 30% (502/1332) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were shared between at least two stresses, with 51 DEGs shared across all three stresses, in either leaf or root tissue. There was an overall bias toward up-regulation of DEGs, particularly in roots, and there were substantially more DEGs in roots vs. leaves. All 51 of the DEGs shared across these three stresses exhibited a common direction of response, and this pattern held for the subset of 26 DEGs that were also shared with low nutrient stress. Under nutrient stress, however, there were substantially more DEGs in leaves vs. roots, though there was a similar bias toward up-regulation. Taken together, these results add to a growing body of data on the genetic basis of phenotypic variation under stress, as well as the phenotypic and transcriptomic response of plants to a variety of abiotic stresses.

Download or read book Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants written by Arun Shanker and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-02-17 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of global climate change on crop production has emerged as a major research priority during the past decade. Understanding abiotic stress factors such as temperature and drought tolerance and biotic stress tolerance traits such as insect pest and pathogen resistance in combination with high yield in plants is of paramount importance to counter climate change related adverse effects on the productivity of crops. In this multi-authored book, we present synthesis of information for developing strategies to combat plant stress. Our effort here is to present a judicious mixture of basic as well as applied research outlooks so as to interest workers in all areas of plant science. We trust that the information covered in this book would bridge the much-researched area of stress in plants with the much-needed information for evolving climate-ready crop cultivars to ensure food security in the future.

Download or read book Gene Regulatory Networks Involved in Drought Stress Responses written by Gwenaëlle Marchand and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drought is a major stress that affects growth, physiology and therefore yield of crops as sunflower. To become more tolerant, plants develop complex morpho-physiological responses. Various genes interacting between them and with the environment are involved in the genetic control of those responses. They form together a gene regulatory network (GRN). Here, we focused on these drought GRN, its different gene groups and their interactions in the cultivated sunflower. First, we highlighted three genes reflecting the environmental signal. From their expression we built a plant water status biomarker. Then through an association study, we built the GRN connecting drought responsive genes and we deciphered their genetic control. Finally, thanks to a systems biology approach we inferred the GRN linking regulatory and drought responsive genes. Studying this network, we examined how it could drive phenotypic changes and how it was related to Heliantus evolution and sunflower breeding.

Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Morphological differences between high and low yielding hybrids of sunflower; A study of the morphological characters of sunflower achenes in relation to their emergence under adverse conditions; The effects of ethephon on dormant seeds of cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.); Pathways of yields elaboration in sunflower under various water stresses; The behaviour of some sunflower genotypes (Helianthus annuus L.) under various flooding regimes; Tolerance of sunflower hybrids to competition among plants; Growth analysis irrigated sunflower at two plant populations; Estimation of leaf area on sunflower plants; Photosynthesis in sunflower leaves: RUBP carboxylates properties activities and quantitative determination; Effects of defoliation during seed filling of sunflower plants; Evolution for biosynthesis during the cycle of development of sunflower, and assimilates partition among organs and constituents; The sunflower roots activity in the field; Effect of daylength in the time of inflorescence initiation and rate of post-initiation development in two early sunflower cultivars; Yield and harvest index of sunflower cultivars: influence of duration and water stress; Determination of physiological nad harvest maturity in sunflower; Effect of physiological maturation on quantitative characters of sunflower varieties and hybrids; Growth and development of sunflower in a semi-arid environment; Determination of regional strategies for sunflower production; Effect of early spring planting of sunflower on yield in Iraq; Oil content oi oilseed sunflower (Helianthus annuu L.) hybrids grown in Texas, USA; Effect of the planting date of sunflowers on the agronomic characteristics and on the quantity and quality of oil; A technique for selecting sunflower genotypes with temperature-stable linoleic acid synthesis; Water requirement of sunflower in a semi-arid environment; Effect of irrigation on water use pattern in sunflower root zone; Influence of plant population on phasic development, growth, yield and water use of irrigated sunflower in a semi-arid environment; The response of sunflower to strategies of irrigation; Salinity and sunflower agronomy in Egypt; Effect of sodium chloride on the lipid composition of sunflower oil; Nitrogen nutrition of sunflower with special reference to nitrogen stress; Effect of nutritional and cultural treatments on seed production on winter grown sunflower; The response of irrigated sunflower cultivars to nitrogen fertilizer; Studies of the uptake of soil and fertilizer nitrogen by sunflower using 15-N techniques; Interactions between moisture supply, N and P, in the performance of an open-pollinated and a hybrid sunflower variety in a semi-arid environment; Differential response to two sunflower cultivars to boron fertilization; Effect of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization levels on the yield and oil content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.); Pollination studies in hybrid sunflower seed production; Sunflower hollow seededness and nitrogen fertilization in relation to harvest time; Effect of achene (seed) size on subsequent growth and development of hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.); Behaviour of NS sunflower hybrids harvested at different seed moistures; Evaluation of losses in the harvesting of sunflower; Maturity and seed quality in sunflower: physiobiochemical assessment through accelerated ageing; Irrigated sunflower production from the red-brown soils of Northern Victoria; Irrigated sunflower in the Ord River Valley; Potential for pest management in sunflowers in Australia; Insect and mite pests of Queensland sunflowers; Seasonal abundance of the Rutherglen bug (Nysius vinitor) on sunflowers and weeds in N.E. Victoria; Effect of moisture stress on damage to sunflowers by Rutherglen bug (Nysius vinitor); Sunflower seed yield as influenced by pollination and insect pests; Effect6 of maldison (malathion) ULV) on sunfloer insects; Phytomelanin: development and role in hybrid resistance of Homoeosoma electellum larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyrallidae); The control of alternaria blight of sunflowers in Eastern Australia; Some factors affecting the incidence and importance of sunflower rust in Australia; Investigations into increased rust (Puccinia helianthi) intensity on some hybrid sunflower cultivars grown in Queensland; Occurrence of sunflower diseases in Portugal in the last four years (1978 - 1981); White blister and petiole blight of sunflowers caused by Albugo tragopogonis; Stemphylium sp. the agent of reddish-brown spot on sunflowers stem; Further studies on the sunflower disease caused by Diaporthe (Phomopsis) helianthi and possibilities of breeding for resistance; A leaf spot disease of sunflower caused by Septoria sp.; The distribution, and incidence of charcoal rot of sunflower in Eastern Australia; Effect os stand density on the occurrence of charcoal rot and oil yield of some sunflower hybrids; Methods of studying the reaction of some cultivars and wild species of sunflower to infection by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary; Field inoculation of sunflower for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum basal stalk rot and virulence of isolates from various hosts; Coniothyrium minitans as a treatment for sclerotinia wilt of sunflowers; The use of high frequency microwaves on sclerotia to control inoculum of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbest assay (Elisa) for the detection of downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) in sunflower; Resistance to a new race of sunflower downy mildew; A new race of Verticillium dahliae; Models for potential status of infection: some aspects of the functioning of the climate x plant x pest system; Models for potential status of infection: application to sunflower-botrytis; A model for the development of grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) in sunflower heads; Losses caused in sunflowers by birds in Hungary; Pest status of parrot species on sunflowers in northern N.S.W.; An innovation in the control of galahs, Cacatua roseicapilla, and sulphur-crested cockatoos, Cacatua galerita, in sunflower; The economics of chemical dessication and mechanical drying as methods of reducing bird damage in sunflower; Very early combine harvesting of sunflower to avoid bird depredation; Allelopathic activity of cultivated sunflowers; Post-emergence weed control in sunflower; Information concerning the effect of cultivation as a complement for weed control; Utilization of wild Helianthus annuus in germplasm development; Cluster analysis of wild Helianthus annuus accessions; Variability on oil content in seed pf Helianthus spp.; Variation in oil and quality of wild annual sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) populations in a uniform environment; Variability in the composition of higher fatty acids in oil of sunflower inbreds with different oil contents in seed; Variability in protein and amino acid contents in different sunflower inbreds; Investigations into seedset in sunflowers; Effect of isolation bags on seedset in sunflowers; Effect of stigmatic manipulation of pollination and seedset in sunflowers; The inheritance of drought tolerance in sunflower; Inheritance of plant height and leaf number in diallel crossing of sunflower inbreds; Inheritance of trichome characteristics in sunflower, Helianthus spp.; Genetic implications in transfering fertility restorer genes to a new genetic background in sunflower Helianthus annuus L.); Correlations for important agronomic characters between parent lines and F1 hybrids of sunflower; Relationships among traits of inbreds and hybrids of sunflower; Maternal and embryo effects on the oleic and linoleic acid contents of sunflower oil; Maternal and paternal effects on the oil content of cypsela in F1 seed; Genetic effect of days to flowering in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under short day regimes; Epistatic gene action in sunflower - a caution to sunflower geneticists and breeders; Use of multivariate techniques in a breeding programme to assit selection of sunflower inbreds and hybrids; Stratified masal selection on sunflower as breeding method for synthetic varieties for forage or grain; Selection of sunflower plants containing high linoleic acid and its agronomic significance; Selection in sunflowers for resistance to Rutherglen bug (Nysius vinitor); Chemically induced mutations in sunflower; Genetic advances by mass selection in the oil percentage of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.); Performance of early maturing hybrids in Manitoba, Canada; Sunflower variety evaluation, Coonabarabran, NSW, Australia; Evaluation of sunflower hybrids in international trial plantings; Plant breeder's rights and varieties registration in France; An objective description of sunflower for varietal registration, plant variety protection and other purposes; Oil quality analyser; TBHQ in sunflower oil; Utilization of sunflower oil in making plastic fat products for edible uses by miscella interesterification process; Plant oils as a fuel for diesel engines: experiences with sunflower oil; Energy farming update: the bio-oil option?; Lysine availabity in sunflower meals for pigs and chiks; What will the market place expect from sunflower?.

Download or read book Consequences of Stress induced Trait Plasticity in Cultivated Helianthus written by Gillian Gomer and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Leaf Economics Spectrum (LES) describes the continuous range of leaf ecophysiological strategies that plants across the globe utilize to achieve a net-positive return on their resource investment. This spectrum is measured by traits such as leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen, and leaf lifespan. Unsuitable leaf trait combinations are selected against in nature due to a net-loss on the return of initial resource investment, while some potentially extremely effective trait combinations may not be possible due to genetic constraints. Existing genetic variation in LES traits, however, suggests the spectrum may be less rigid than previously expected. To test this, we exploit phenotypic plasticity by subjecting cultivated sunflower, Helianthus annuus, to environmental stress to generate variability in LES traits. In a greenhouse experiment, treatment groups of Helianthus were exposed to six varying intensities each of four acute stress applications: nutrient limitation, high soil salinity, heat, and simulated herbivory. Leaves formed during the onset of stress and post-stress were sampled to measure leaf traits; changes in plant fitness were estimated through total plant biomass and the time of first flowering. Results from statistical analyses show a variety of significant effects that stress applications had on plant growth and LES traits. Our findings explore the possibility of achieving off-axis LES trait combinations through salt-induced trait plasticity, and if further studies are needed to reassess the rigidity of the spectrum.

Download or read book Flow Cytometry with Plant Cells written by Jaroslav Dolezel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-06-27 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Targeted at beginners as well as experienced users, this handy reference explains the benefits and uses of flow cytometery in the study of plants and their genomes. Following a brief introduction that highlights general considerations when analyzing plant cells by flow cytometric methods, the book goes on to discuss examples of application in plant genetics, genomic analysis, cell cycle analysis, marine organism analysis and breeding studies. With its list of general reading and a glossary of terms, this first reference on FCM in plants fills a real gap by providing first-hand practical hints for the growing community of plant geneticists.

Download or read book Sunflowers written by Juan Ignacio Arribas and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a broad number of recent discoveries, advances and important results concerning sunflower (Helianthus annus) crops and its related fields, with emphasis on the detailed study of several diseases and pests that can affect sunflowers (production, water resources needed, economy impact) in different regions of the globe, including Russia, both North and South America, Africa, India and Europe. We are all well aware of the increasing importance, as well as the economic impact that these plants have reached in recent years, not only in the food industry but also in the western energy market, with the increasing use of sunflower oil as a natural energy resource for biodiesel and biofuel. Apart from the interesting recent advances, results and conclusions presented in every chapter, plenty of visual and graphical content comprised of tables, charts, graphs, pictures and high quality detailed photographs and images showing different issues and problems regarding sunflower crops are also included. The manuscript chapters have been authored by experts in the field and in addition all of them underwent a stringent peer review process by expert reviewers to assure a high final scientific quality.

Download or read book Wild Germplasm for Genetic Improvement in Crop Plants written by Muhammad Tehseen Azhar and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-03-10 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wild Germplasm for Genetic Improvement in Crop Plants addresses the need for an integrated reference on a wide variety of crop plants, facilitating comparison and contrast, as well as providing relevant relationships for future research and development. The book presents the genetic and natural history value of wild relatives, covers what wild relatives exist, explores the existing knowledge regarding specific relatives and the research surrounding them and identifies knowledge gaps. As understanding the role of crop wild relatives in plant breeding expands the genetic pool for abiotic and biotic stress resistance, this is an ideal reference on this important topic. Provides a single-volume resource to important crops for accessible comparison and research Explores both conventional and molecular approaches to breeding for targeted traits and allows for expanded genetic variability Guides the development of hybrids for germplasm with increased tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Download or read book Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants Vol 2 written by Mohammad Anwar Hossain and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drought is one of the most severe constraints to crop productivity worldwide, and thus it has become a major concern for global food security. Due to an increasing world population, droughts could lead to serious food shortages by 2050. The situation may worsen due to predicated climatic changes that may increase the frequency, duration and severity of droughts. Hence, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding of the complex mechanisms associated with drought tolerance and to develop modern crop varieties that are more resilient to drought. Identification of the genes responsible for drought tolerance in plants will contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that could enable crop plants to respond to drought. The discovery of novel drought related genes, the analysis of their expression patterns in response to drought, and determination of the functions these genes play in drought adaptation will provide a base to develop effective strategies to enhance the drought tolerance of crop plants. Plant breeding efforts to increase crop yields in dry environments have been slow to date mainly due to our poor understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in how plants respond to drought. In addition, when it comes to combining favourable alleles, there are practical obstacles to developing superior high yielding genotypes fit for drought prone environments. Drought Tolerance in Plants, Vol 2: Molecular and Genetic Perspectives combines novel topical findings, regarding the major molecular and genetic events associated with drought tolerance, with contemporary crop improvement approaches. This volume is unique as it makes available for its readers not only extensive reports of existing facts and data, but also practical knowledge and overviews of state-of-the-art technologies, across the biological fields, from plant breeding using classical and molecular genetic information, to the modern omic technologies, that are now being used in drought tolerance research to breed drought-related traits into modern crop varieties. This book is useful for teachers and researchers in the fields of plant breeding, molecular biology and biotechnology.

Download or read book Crop Wild Relatives and Climate Change written by Robert J. Redden and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-08-17 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two major challenges to continued global food security are the ever increasing demand for food products, and the unprecedented abiotic stresses that crops face due to climate change.Wild relatives of domesticated crops serve as a reservoir of genetic material, with the potential to be used to develop new, improved varieties of crops. Crop Wild Relative and Climate Change integrates crop evolution, breeding technologies and biotechnologies, improved practices and sustainable approaches while exploring the role wild relatives could play in increasing agricultural output. Crop Wild Relative and Climate Change begins with overviews of the impacts of climate change on growing environments and the challenges that agricultural production face in coming years and decades. Chapters then explore crop evolution and the potential for crop wild relatives to contribute novel genetic resources to the breeding of more resilient and productive crops. Breeding technologies and biotechnological advances that are being used to incorporate key genetic traits of wild relatives into crop varieties are also covered. There is also a valuable discussion on the importance of conserving genetic resources to ensure continued successful crop production. A timely resource, Crop Wild Relative and Climate Change will be an invaluable resource for the crop science community for years to come.

Download or read book Improving Crop Resistance to Abiotic Stress written by Narendra Tuteja and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-30 with total page 1533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest update on improving crop resistance to abiotic stress using the advanced key methods of proteomics, genomics and metabolomics. The wellbalanced international mix of contributors from industry and academia cover work carried out on individual crop plants, while also including studies of model organisms that can then be applied to specific crop plants

Download or read book Population Genomics Crop Plants written by Om P. Rajora and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 947 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Crop Physiology Case Histories for Major Crops written by Victor Sadras and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-12-05 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crop Physiology: Case Histories of Major Crops updates the physiology of broad-acre crops with a focus on the genetic, environmental and management drivers of development, capture and efficiency in the use of radiation, water and nutrients, the formation of yield and aspects of quality. These physiological process are presented in a double context of challenges and solutions. The challenges to increase plant-based food, fodder, fiber and energy against the backdrop of population increase, climate change, dietary choices and declining public funding for research and development in agriculture are unprecedented and urgent. The proximal technological solutions to these challenges are genetic improvement and agronomy. Hence, the premise of the book is that crop physiology is most valuable when it engages meaningfully with breeding and agronomy. With contributions from 92 leading scientists from around the world, each chapter deals with a crop: maize, rice, wheat, barley, sorghum and oat; quinoa; soybean, field pea, chickpea, peanut, common bean, lentil, lupin and faba bean; sunflower and canola; potato, cassava, sugar beet and sugarcane; and cotton. A crop-based approach to crop physiology in a G x E x M context Captures the perspectives of global experts on 22 crops

Download or read book Crop Stress and its Management Perspectives and Strategies written by B. Venkateswarlu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-22 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crops experience an assortment of environmental stresses which include abiotic viz., drought, water logging, salinity, extremes of temperature, high variability in radiation, subtle but perceptible changes in atmospheric gases and biotic viz., insects, birds, other pests, weeds, pathogens (viruses and other microbes). The ability to tolerate or adapt and overwinter by effectively countering these stresses is a very multifaceted phenomenon. In addition, the inability to do so which renders the crops susceptible is again the result of various exogenous and endogenous interactions in the ecosystem. Both biotic and abiotic stresses occur at various stages of plant development and frequently more than one stress concurrently affects the crop. Stresses result in both universal and definite effects on plant growth and development. One of the imposing tasks for the crop researchers globally is to distinguish and to diminish effects of these stress factors on the performance of crop plants, especially with respect to yield and quality of harvested products. This is of special significance in view of the impending climate change, with complex consequences for economically profitable and ecologically and environmentally sound global agriculture. The challenge at the hands of the crop scientist in such a scenario is to promote a competitive and multifunctional agriculture, leading to the production of highly nourishing, healthy and secure food and animal feed as well as raw materials for a wide variety of industrial applications. In order to successfully meet this challenge researchers have to understand the various aspects of these stresses in view of the current development from molecules to ecosystems. The book will focus on broad research areas in relation to these stresses which are in the forefront in contemporary crop stress research.

Download or read book Crop physiological responses to abiotic stress written by Rangjian Qiu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-01-03 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Drought Resistance in Plants written by Commission of the European Communities and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Crop Wild Relatives written by Danny Hunter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-06-25 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crop wild relatives (CWR) are plant species which are more or less closely related to crops. They are a vital resource by providing a pool of genetic variation that can be used in breeding new and better adapted varieties of crops that are resistant to stress, disease, drought and other factors. They will be increasingly important in allowing crops to adapt to the impacts of climate, thus safeguarding future agricultural production. Until recently, the main conservation strategy adopted for CWR has been ex situ - through the maintenance of samples as seed or vegetative material in various kinds of genebank or other facilities. Now the need to conserve CWR in their natural surroundings (in situ) is increasingly recognized. Recent research co-ordinated by Bioversity International has produced a wealth of information on good practices and lessons learned for their effective conservation. This book captures the important practical experiences of countries participating in this work and describes them for the wider conservation community. It includes case studies and examples from Armenia, Bolivia, Madagascar, Sri Lanka and Uzbekistan, which are important centres of diversity for crop wild relatives, and covers four geographical regions - the Caucasus, South America, Africa and the Asia-Pacific Region. It provides practical, relevant information and guidance for the scaling-up of actions targeting CWR conservation around the world.