Download or read book Genetic Testing and the Criminal Law written by Don Chalmers and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic Testing and the Criminal Law is a unique international treatment of the dynamic and established criminal investigation technique of DNA testing. Gathering together expert practitioners, judges and researchers from twelve countries, each chapter deals with the specific criminal law of the jurisdiction in its interaction with the expanding use of DNA testing in criminal investigations and trials. The chapters cover the criminal law of the United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, Germany, New Zealand, Spain, South Africa, Canada, Italy, Finland, Argentina and Denmark, providing valuable accounts not only of the use of genetic testing in the criminal law, but also of the development of the law in these jurisdictions. No previous work has included such an extensive comparative study in this important area. Collectively, this book emphasizes the need for the law to respond to scientific developments thoughtfully and with a sensitive, well-reasoned approach to current concerns relating to the reliability of DNA evidence in criminal trials and the privacy and civil liberties issues surrounding the collection of DNA samples from individuals and their storage. This book is an invaluable reference for scholars, practitioners of criminal law and private international law, and students interested in this increasingly significant field of law.
Download or read book The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-12-12 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1992 the National Research Council issued DNA Technology in Forensic Science, a book that documented the state of the art in this emerging field. Recently, this volume was brought to worldwide attention in the murder trial of celebrity O. J. Simpson. The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence reports on developments in population genetics and statistics since the original volume was published. The committee comments on statements in the original book that proved controversial or that have been misapplied in the courts. This volume offers recommendations for handling DNA samples, performing calculations, and other aspects of using DNA as a forensic toolâ€"modifying some recommendations presented in the 1992 volume. The update addresses two major areas: Determination of DNA profiles. The committee considers how laboratory errors (particularly false matches) can arise, how errors might be reduced, and how to take into account the fact that the error rate can never be reduced to zero. Interpretation of a finding that the DNA profile of a suspect or victim matches the evidence DNA. The committee addresses controversies in population genetics, exploring the problems that arise from the mixture of groups and subgroups in the American population and how this substructure can be accounted for in calculating frequencies. This volume examines statistical issues in interpreting frequencies as probabilities, including adjustments when a suspect is found through a database search. The committee includes a detailed discussion of what its recommendations would mean in the courtroom, with numerous case citations. By resolving several remaining issues in the evaluation of this increasingly important area of forensic evidence, this technical update will be important to forensic scientists and population geneticistsâ€"and helpful to attorneys, judges, and others who need to understand DNA and the law. Anyone working in laboratories and in the courts or anyone studying this issue should own this book.
Download or read book DNA Technology in Forensic Science written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matching DNA samples from crime scenes and suspects is rapidly becoming a key source of evidence for use in our justice system. DNA Technology in Forensic Science offers recommendations for resolving crucial questions that are emerging as DNA typing becomes more widespread. The volume addresses key issues: Quality and reliability in DNA typing, including the introduction of new technologies, problems of standardization, and approaches to certification. DNA typing in the courtroom, including issues of population genetics, levels of understanding among judges and juries, and admissibility. Societal issues, such as privacy of DNA data, storage of samples and data, and the rights of defendants to quality testing technology. Combining this original volume with the new update-The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence-provides the complete, up-to-date picture of this highly important and visible topic. This volume offers important guidance to anyone working with this emerging law enforcement tool: policymakers, specialists in criminal law, forensic scientists, geneticists, researchers, faculty, and students.
Download or read book DNA and the Criminal Justice System written by David Lazer and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the impact of DNA technology on issues of ethics, civil liberties, privacy, and security.
Download or read book Assessing Genetic Risks written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Raising hopes for disease treatment and prevention, but also the specter of discrimination and "designer genes," genetic testing is potentially one of the most socially explosive developments of our time. This book presents a current assessment of this rapidly evolving field, offering principles for actions and research and recommendations on key issues in genetic testing and screening. Advantages of early genetic knowledge are balanced with issues associated with such knowledge: availability of treatment, privacy and discrimination, personal decision-making, public health objectives, cost, and more. Among the important issues covered: Quality control in genetic testing. Appropriate roles for public agencies, private health practitioners, and laboratories. Value-neutral education and counseling for persons considering testing. Use of test results in insurance, employment, and other settings.
Download or read book Genetics Crime and Justice written by Debra Wilson and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2015-08-28 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As our understanding of genetics increases, its application to criminal justice becomes more significant. This timely book examines the use of genetic information both in criminal investigations and during the trial process. It discusses current scient
Download or read book Inside the Cell written by Erin E Murphy and published by Bold Type Books. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Josiah Sutton was convicted of rape. He was five inches shorter and 65 pounds lighter than the suspect described by the victim, but at trial a lab analyst testified that his DNA was found at the crime scene. His case looked like many others -- arrest, swab, match, conviction. But there was just one problem -- Sutton was innocent. We think of DNA forensics as an infallible science that catches the bad guys and exonerates the innocent. But when the science goes rogue, it can lead to a gross miscarriage of justice. Erin Murphy exposes the dark side of forensic DNA testing: crime labs that receive little oversight and produce inconsistent results; prosecutors who push to test smaller and poorer-quality samples, inviting error and bias; law-enforcement officers who compile massive, unregulated, and racially skewed DNA databases; and industry lobbyists who push policies of "stop and spit." DNA testing is rightly seen as a transformative technological breakthrough, but we should be wary of placing such a powerful weapon in the hands of the same broken criminal justice system that has produced mass incarceration, privileged government interests over personal privacy, and all too often enforced the law in a biased or unjust manner. Inside the Cell exposes the truth about forensic DNA, and shows us what it will take to harness the power of genetic identification in service of accuracy and fairness.
Download or read book ABA Standards for Criminal Justice written by American Bar Association. Criminal Justice Standards Committee and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Although the Standards in this volume are considered part of the set of Third Edition ABA Criminal Justice Standards, the earlier editions did not include standards on DNA evidence. Therefore, the Standards included here are the first ABA Criminal Justice Standards on DNA Evidence."--Page iii.
Download or read book Dealing with DNA Evidence written by Andrei Semikhodskii and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-08-07 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Giving the reader an in-depth understanding of DNA evidence in criminal practice, this text explains in clear language how DNA evidence is obtained and how it can be successfully challenged in court to minimize its impact or even dismiss it completely. Since it first entered the criminal legal practice DNA has become an indispensable tool in fighting crime, as it allows both unambiguous identification of the criminal by traces of biological material left at the crime scene as well as acquitting innocent suspects. This book: outlines the various types of testing used to obtain DNA evidence highlights the weaknesses of DNA testing, presenting and discussing defence strategies for refuting DNA evidence shows how DNA should be treated as just another piece of evidence and how on its own it is often not enough to convict someone of a particular crime. This book is essential reading for students and practitioners of criminal law and practice and forensic science and law.
Download or read book Genetics and Criminality written by Jeffrey R. Botkin and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is the product of a project funded by the Ethical, Legal and Social Implications Branch of the National Human Genome Research Institute at the National Institutes of Health. The chapters have been written across disciplinary boundaries to address the potential applications of genetic testing in the context of criminal and juvenile law. One purpose of the volume is to assist judges and attorneys in understanding some of the basic science and clinical medicine relevant to mental health disorders and how they might relate to criminal behavior. In addition, the volume explores the legal philosophy concerning the use of mental health conditions as exculpatory or mitigating factors in criminal proceedings. The volume is also addressed to scientists, clinicians, and social scientists with an interest in the ethical, legal, and social implications of genetic research. The book provides an orientation to those without legal education or experience as to how the courts may consider new genetic tests and medical information in the context of criminal and juvenile law.
Download or read book Genetic Justice written by Sheldon Krimsky and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two leading authors on medical ethics, science policy, and civil liberties take a hard look at how the United States has balanced the use of DNA technology, particularly the use of DNA databanks in criminal justice, with the privacy rights of its citizenry. The authors explore many controversial topics, including the legal precedent for taking DNA from juveniles, the search for possible family members of suspects in DNA databases, the launch of "DNA dragnets" among local populations, and the warrantless acquisition by police of so-called abandoned DNA in the search for suspects. Most intriguing, they explode the myth that DNA profiling is infallible, which has profound implications for criminal justice.
Download or read book Genetic Witness written by United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Litigator s Guide to DNA written by Ron C. Michaelis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-29 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Litigator's Guide to DNA educates both criminal law students and forensic science students about all aspects of the use of DNA evidence in criminal and civil trials. It includes discussions of the molecular biological basis for the tests, essential laboratory practices, probability theory and mathematical calculations, and issues relevant to the prosecution and the defense, and to the judge and jury hearing the case. The authors provide a full background on both the molecular biology and the mathematical theory behind forensic tests, describing the molecular biological process in simple mechanical terms that are familiar to everyone, and periodically emphasizing the practical, take-home messages the student truly needs to understand. Pedagogical elements such as Recapping the Main Point boxes and valuable ancillary material (Instructors' Manual, PowerPoint slides) make this an ideal text for professors. "Recapping the Main Point" boxes provide a simple and concise summary of the main points Includes a glossary of essential terms and their definitions Contains a full-color insert with illustrations that emphasize key concepts
Download or read book Convicted by Juries Exonerated by Science written by Edward F. Connors and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of DNA technology furthers the search for truth by helping police & prosecutors in the fight against violent crime. Most of the individuals whose stories are told in the report were convicted after jury trials & were sentenced to long prison terms. They successfully challenged their convictions, using DNA tests on existing evidence. They had served, on average, seven years in prison. By highlighting the importance & utility of DNA evidence, this report presents challenges to the scientific & justice communities. A task ahead is to maintain the highest standards for the collection & preservation of DNA evidence.
Download or read book Forensic Genetics in the Governance of Crime written by Helena Machado and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-28 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book uses a critical sociological perspective to explore contemporary ways of reformulating the governance of crime through genetics. Through the lens of scientific knowledge and genetic technology, Machado and Granja offer a unique perspective on current trends in crime governance. They explore the place and role of genetics in criminal justice systems, and show how classical and contemporary social theory can help address challenges posed by social processes and interactions generated by the uses, meanings, and expectations attributed to genetics in the governance of crime. Cutting-edge methods and research techniques are also integrated to address crucial aspects of this social reality. Finally, the authors examine new challenges emerging from recent paradigm shifts within forensic genetics, moving away from the construction of evidence as presented in court to the production of intelligence guiding criminal investigations.
Download or read book Genetic witness forensic uses of DNA tests written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1990 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of DNA and the United States Criminal Justice System written by Louis J. Palmer (Jr.) and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2004 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forensic DNA analysis was first introduced to the American criminal justice system in the mid-1980s. In spite of its relatively brief existence in American jurisprudence, DNA testing has become the leading forensic tool for obtaining sexual assault criminal convictions, and the single most powerful evidence for establishing the innocence of criminal suspects and wrongfully convicted defendants. The development of DNA "fingerprinting" and the role it has played in the American criminal justice system is covered in this encyclopedia. Numerous entries explain the relationship of forensic DNA analysis with microbiology, population genetics, statistics, and the legal rules of the admissibility of scientific evidence. The encyclopedia also presents the full text, preceded by summaries, of all state and federal government statutes that address the forensic use of DNA analysis, and the edited text of judicial case opinions that address specific forensic DNA issues. Also included are entries on many of the organizations that use DNA fingerprinting to free wrongly convicted defendants and many of the individuals who were released from prison (many of whom were on death row) after DNA testing proved their innocence.
