Download or read book Genetic Surveillance and Crime Control written by Helena Machado and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-29 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic Surveillance and Crime Control presents a new empirical and conceptual framework for understanding trends of genetic surveillance in different countries in Europe and in other jurisdictions around the world. The use of DNA or genome for state-level surveillance for crime governance is becoming the norm in democratic societies. In the post-DNA, contemporary modes of criminal identification are gradually changing through the increasing expansion of transnational sharing of DNA data, along with the development of highly controversial genetic technologies that pose acute challenges to privacy and generate fears of discrimination, racism and stigmatization. Some questions that guide this book are: How is genetic surveillance in the governance of crime intertwined with society, ethics, culture, and politics? What are the views and expectations of diverse stakeholders –scientists, police agencies, and non-governmental organizations? How can social sciences research about genetic surveillance accommodate socio-cultural and historical differences, and be sensitive to specificities of post-authoritarian societies in Europe? Taking an interdisciplinary approach focused on challenges to genetic privacy, human rights and citizenship in contemporary societies , this book will be of interest to students and scholars of social studies of science and technology, sociology, criminology, law and policing, international relations and forensic sciences.
Download or read book Genetics and the Politics of Security written by Joëlle Vailly and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-05-13 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting a social science perspective on the contemporary gaze on the body of the suspect, this book considers how definitions of criminality, offenses, individual rights, and the concepts of identity and difference have been altered by changes in the biological status of the human. Spurred by rapid developments in genetics and information technology, a number of countries, including France, the United States, the United Kingdom, China, and the Netherlands, have considerably expanded their genetic databases used by the police and the criminal justice system. Whilst this makes it possible to compare DNA left at the scene of a crime with that of an individual known to the police, helping to identify individuals for the purposes of court proceedings, these innovations also raise a number of important questions, such as how the relationship between respect for the rights of individuals and the security of populations is discussed, as well as for how long this data should be retained. Genetic analysis also raises concerns related to phenotyping and “biogeographical origin” that could lead to the stigmatization of targeted groups. Offering a comprehensively argued view on how DNA acts not only as a tracker of suspicion but also as a marker of contemporary social developments, Genetics and the Politics of Security will appeal to students and scholars, judiciary personnel, lawyers, police officers, and people with an interest in criminology and the use of genetics in the criminal justice process.
Download or read book Next Generation Sequencing NGS Technology in DNA Analysis written by Hirak Ranjan Dash and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-11-30 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Technology in DNA Analysis explains and summarizes next generation sequencing (NGS) technological applications in the field of forensic DNA analysis. The book covers the transition from capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based technique to NGS platforms and the fundamentals of NGS technologies, applications, and advances. Sections provide an overview of NGS technology and forensic science, including information on processing biological samples for forensic analysis, sequence analysis, and data analysis software as well as the analysis of NGS data. The book explores the valuable applications of NGS-based forensic DNA analysis and covers the validations and interpretation guidelines of NGS workflows. With chapter contributions from an international array of experts and the inclusion of practical case studies, this book is a useful reference for academicians and researchers in genetics, biotechnology, bioinformatics, biology, and medicine as well as forensic DNA scientists and practitioners who aim to learn, use, apply, and validate NGS-based technologies. - Describes the fundamentals of NGS and its advances for forensic applications - Explains the transition from CE-based technique to NGS technology - Includes case studies related to NGS and DNA fingerprinting - Explores the future use and applications of NGS technologies
Download or read book Genetic Policing written by Robin Williams and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the increasing significance of DNA profiling for crime investigation in modern society. It focuses on developments in the UK as the world-leader in the development and application of forensic DNA technology and in the construction of DNA databases as an essential element in the successful use of DNA for forensic purposes. The book uses data collected during the course of Wellcome Trust funded research into police uses of the UK National DNA Database (NDNAD) to describe the relationship between scientific knowledge and police investigations. It is illustrated throughout by reference to some of the major UK criminal cases in which DNA evidence has been presented and contested.
Download or read book Law Practice and Politics of Forensic DNA Profiling written by Victor Toom and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-12-30 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection reviews developments in DNA profiling across jurisdictions with a focus on scientific and technological developments as well as their political, ethical, and socio-legal aspects. Written by leading scholars in the fields of social studies of forensic science, science and technology studies and socio-legal studies, the book provides state-of-the-art analyses of forensic DNA practices in a diverse range of jurisdictions, new and emerging forensic genetics technologies and issues of legitimacy. The work articulates the various forms of technolegal politics involved in the everyday, standardised and emerging practices of forensic genetics and engages with the most recent scholarly and policy literature. In analyses of empirical cases, and by taking into account the most recent technolegal developments, the book explores what it means to live in a world that is increasingly governed through anticipatory crime control and its related risk management and bio-surveillance mechanisms, which intervene with and produce political and legal subjectivities through human bodies in their DNA. This volume is an invaluable resource for those working in the areas of social studies of forensic science, science and technology studies, socio-legal studies, sociology, anthropology, ethics, law, politics and international relations.
Download or read book DNA Technology in Forensic Science written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matching DNA samples from crime scenes and suspects is rapidly becoming a key source of evidence for use in our justice system. DNA Technology in Forensic Science offers recommendations for resolving crucial questions that are emerging as DNA typing becomes more widespread. The volume addresses key issues: Quality and reliability in DNA typing, including the introduction of new technologies, problems of standardization, and approaches to certification. DNA typing in the courtroom, including issues of population genetics, levels of understanding among judges and juries, and admissibility. Societal issues, such as privacy of DNA data, storage of samples and data, and the rights of defendants to quality testing technology. Combining this original volume with the new update-The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence-provides the complete, up-to-date picture of this highly important and visible topic. This volume offers important guidance to anyone working with this emerging law enforcement tool: policymakers, specialists in criminal law, forensic scientists, geneticists, researchers, faculty, and students.
Download or read book Incarceration and Generation Volume II written by Silvia Gomes and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-01 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume, edited collection lays the groundwork for an international exploration of incarceration and generation, covering a range of geographic, judicial and administrative contexts of incarceration from contributors across a range of subjects. Volume II examines intergenerational relations issues within contexts of incarceration. It focuses on the intergenerational continuities in imprisonment; intergenerational justice and citizenship; the impacts of incarceration on multiple generations and within families; and media representations of the intergenerationality of incarceration. Volume I explores an array of experiences, dynamics, cultures, interventions, and impacts of incarceration in different generations. This collection speaks to academics in criminology, sociology, psychology, and law, and to practitioners and policymakers interested in incarceration.
Download or read book Surveillance written by Sean P. Hier and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveillance is commonly rationalized as a solution for existing problems such as crime and terrorism. This book explores how surveillance, often disguised as risk management or harm reduction, is also at the root of a range of social and political problems. Canadian scholars from diverse disciplines interrogate the moral and ideological bases as well as the material effects of surveillance in policing, consumerism, welfare administration, disaster management, popular culture, moral regulation, news media, social movements, and anti-terrorism campaigns.
Download or read book Holistic Responses to Reducing Reoffending written by Ian Mahoney and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-06-07 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a range of theoretical and conceptual ideas as well as practical examples, this book provides a detailed insight into holistic opportunities for promoting desistance, reducing reoffending, and supporting (re)settlement and (re)integration. Providing a fresh lens through which to view existing debates within desistance and (re)settlement literature, the book encourages different perspectives and a new framing of current approaches. To this purpose, each chapter considers what embedding a person-centered holistic approach within the criminal justice system might look like, including ways of working within the confines of current processes, potential ethical considerations and how to maximize the potential impact to reduce reoffending. Interdisciplinary in approach, Holistic Responses to Reducing Reoffending will appeal to students, scholars, practitioners and policymakers within criminology, criminal justice, penology and prison studies.
Download or read book Consent Stealthing and Desire Based Contracting in the Criminal Law written by Brianna Chesser and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-24 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consent, Stealthing and Desire-Based Contracting in the Criminal Law examines the inconsistencies in the definitions of consent in sexual encounters by examining emerging sex crimes alongside changing community values and the changing legal definitions of consent in sexual offending, focusing on common law and civil law countries. This book distinguishes itself through the use of empirically validated research strategies and an in-depth analysis of current legislative regimes. It argues that desire and pleasure are largely ignored by legal consent definitions, despite its importance in sexuality more broadly. Using two case studies of emerging forms of sexual offending, the criminalisation of sadomasochistic sexual practices and the offence of ‘stealthing’, it examines how the law is both a blunt and under-utilised instrument in the policing of people’s sexual relationships. The presence or absence of consent can change a lawful sexual act between two people into a serious crime with potentially devastating consequences to both survivor and offender. Yet there remains no consistent definition of consent applied within and between legal jurisdictions across the world. A comparative analysis reveals parallels between common law countries and civil law countries. The book also provides a brief history of the use of term consent in relation to sexual offending and examines definitional and sociological requirements of conceptual consent across history. Covering jurisdictions in the US, UK, and Australia, providing an innovative resource on issues relating to consent presented in an accessible way, this book will appeal to students and researchers of criminal justice, criminal law, criminology, sociology and gender studies.
Download or read book Collaboration and Innovation in Criminal Justice written by Paulo Rocha and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-08-23 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on original research on community-based alternatives to offender rehabilitation, this book provides an up-to-date depiction of the challenges faced by front-line workers at the interface between criminal justice and welfare systems striving to address needs and provide multifaceted solutions. Using an innovative theoretical approach predicated on activity theory (AT) to dissect the problem, the book makes the case for co-created rehabilitation strategies that address the needs of offenders – which can only be achieved with the involvement of health and social welfare services as a means to provide a holistic support to individuals – and regard for the dilemmas front-line professionals face to deploy such strategies – which means shifting the top-down paradigm of policy implementation for co-created solutions. The book explores how AT can be used to help design commensurate interventions that give voice to all the interested actors involved in the rehabilitation process and provide readers with tools that help translate theory into practice. This book is essential reading for students, researchers, practitioners and other stakeholders focusing on co-created, bottom-up alternatives to imprisonment that benefit both offenders, community and the state.
Download or read book Responses to Serious Offending by Children written by Nessa Lynch and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-05-30 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the principles, practice and challenges in determining justice system responses to serious offending by children globally. Divided into four parts, the book provides a balance of theoretical and empirical insights. Anchored in a theoretical framework based on the human rights of children, as set out in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, it considers the relationship between scientific evidence (such as brain development) and the human rights framework, before going to explore the diversity of responses to children who are found responsible for serious offences. It brings together experts from various disciplines to fill a gap relating to serious offending by children in the literature. Scholars from Africa, Latin America and Asia, as well as Europe, North America and Oceania provide perspectives from legally, socially and culturally distinct jurisdictions. The first part focuses on the theoretical framework and explores the applicable standards and principles, including the relevant human rights framework and penological approaches to sentencing children for serious crimes. The second part analyses available empirical evidence, including evidence relating to the profiles of children who commit serious crimes, child and adolescent development, effective sentencing approaches and evidence of disparities in responses to serious offending by children. The third part provides a discussion of justice system responses to serious offending by children in a range of jurisdictions or regions with diverse and distinct legal, social and cultural contexts. Finally, the book uses the theoretical framework, empirical evidence, and case studies of jurisdictions to reflect on how principles relating to responses to serious offending by children can be translated into practice, and to highlight key debates and issues that will need to be explored into the future. Adding much-needed international perspectives to the scholarship addressing the issue, this book will be of great interest to academics, students, legal practitioners and social work professionals working on youth justice and children’s rights across the globe.
Download or read book Policing and Boundaries in a Violent Society written by Guy Lamb and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-01-31 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores how social and territorial boundaries have influenced the approaches and practices of the South Africa Police Service (SAPS). By means of a historical analysis of South Africa, this book introduces a new concept, ‘police frontierism’, which illuminates the nature of the relationships between the police, policing and boundaries, and can potentially be used for future case study research. Drawing on a wealth of research, this book examines how social and territorial boundaries strongly influenced police practices and behaviour in South Africa, and how social delineations amplify and distort existing police prejudices against those communities on the other side of the boundary. Focusing on cases of high-density police operations, public-order policing and the recent policing of the COVID-19 lockdown, this book argues that poor economic conditions combined with an increased militarisation of the SAPS and a decline in public trust in the police will result in boundaries continuing to fundamentally inform police work in South Africa. This book will be of interest to scholars and students interested in policing in post-colonial societies characterised by high levels of violence, as well as police work and police militarization.
Download or read book The Impact of Covid 19 on Prison Conditions and Penal Policy written by Frieder Dünkel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Impact of COVID-19 on Prison Conditions and Penal Policy presents the results of a worldwide exchange of information on the impact of COVID-19 in prisons. It also focuses on the human rights questions that have been raised during the pandemic, relating to the treatment of prisoners in institutions for both juveniles and adults worldwide. The first part brings together the findings and conclusions of leading prison academics and practitioners, presenting national reports with information on the prison system, prison population rates, how COVID-19 was and is managed in prisons, and its impact on living conditions inside prisons and on reintegration programmes. Forty-four countries are covered – many in Europe, but also Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Perú, Costa Rica, Canada, the USA, Kenya, South Africa, China, India, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. In the second part, thematic chapters concentrate explicitly on the impact of the pandemic on the application of international human rights standards in prisons and on worldwide prison population rates. The book concludes by drawing out the commonalities and diverging practices between jurisdictions, discussing the impact of measures introduced and reflecting on what could be learnt from policies that emerged during the pandemic. Particular attention is paid to whether "reductionist" strategies that emerged during the pandemic can be used to counteract mass incarceration and prison overcrowding in the future. Although the book reflects the situation until mid 2021, after the second and during the third wave of the pandemic, it is highly relevant to the current situation, as the living conditions in prisons did not change significantly during the following waves, which showed high infection rates (in particular in the general population), but increased vaccination rates, too. In prisons, problems the pandemic raises have an even greater impact than for the general society. Revealing many notable and interesting changes in prison life and in release programmes, this book is essential reading for students and scholars of penology, criminology, law, sociology and public health. It will also appeal to criminal justice practitioners and policy makers.
Download or read book Driving Forensic Innovation in the 21st Century written by Simona Francese and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surveillance Crime and Social Control written by Dean Wilson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Post 9/11 the need for an expansion of surveillance and greater expenditure on surveillance capabilities has been argued for by government and industry to help combat terrorism. This has been coupled with increasing incorporation of surveillance technologies into the routine practice of criminal justice. This important collection draws together key contemporary writings to explore how the surveillance gaze has been directed in the name of crime control. Key issues include theories on surveillance, CCTV, undercover police surveillance, bodies databases and technologies, and surveillance futures. It will be an essential collection for law librarians and criminologists.
Download or read book Life Without Parole written by Ross Kleinstuber and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an in-depth critical examination of all pertinent aspects of life without parole (LWOP). Empirically assessing key arguments that advance LWOP, including as an alternative to the death penalty, it reveals that not only is the punishment cruel while not providing any societal benefits, it is actually detrimental to society. Over the last 30 years, LWOP has exploded in the United States. While the use of capital punishment over that same time period has declined, it must be recognized that LWOP is, in fact, a hidden death sentence. It is, however, implemented in a way that allows society to largely ignore this truth. While capital punishment has rightfully been subject to intense debate and scholarship, LWOP has mostly escaped such scrutiny. In fact, LWOP has been touted by both death penalty abolitionists and by tough-on-crime conservatives, which has allowed it to flourish under the radar. Specifically, abolitionists have advanced LWOP as a palatable alternative to capital punishment, which they perceive as inhumane, error-prone, costly, and racially biased. Conservatives, meanwhile, advocate for LWOP as an effective means of fighting crime, a just form of retribution, and necessary tool for managing incorrigible offenders. This book seeks to tap into and help inform this growing debate by subjecting these key arguments to empirical scrutiny. The results of those analyses fail to produce any evidence in support of any of those various justifications and therefore suggest that LWOP should be abolished and replaced with life sentences that come with parole eligibility after a maximum of 25 years. The book will be of great interest to students and scholars of criminology and criminal justice and will also have crossover appeal into the fields of law, political science, and sociology. It will also appeal to criminal justice professionals, lawmakers, activists, and attorneys, as well as death penalty abolitionists, opponents of mass incarceration, advocates for sentencing reform, and supporters of prisoners’ rights.
