Download or read book Genetic Improvement of Functional Traits in Dairy Cattle Breeding Schemes with Genomic Selection written by Line Hjortø Buch and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Breeding of Dairy Cattle written by Julius Van der Werf and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Breeding of Dairy Cattle written by Julius Van der Werf and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Adaptation and Fitness in Animal Populations written by Julius van der Werf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-17 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fitness and adaptation are fundamental characteristics of plant and animal species, enabling them to survive in their environment and to adapt to the inevitable changes in this environment. This is true for both the genetic resources of natural ecosystems as well as those used in agricultural production. Extensive genetic variation exists between varieties/breeds in a species and amongst individuals within breeds. This variation has developed over very long periods of time. A major ongoing challenge is how to best utilize this variation to meet short-term demands whilst also conserving it for longer-term possible use. Many animal breeding programs have led to increased performance for production traits but this has often been accompanied by reduced fitness. In addition, the global use of genetic resources prompts the question whether introduced genotypes are adapted to local production systems. Understanding the genetic nature of fitness and adaptation will enable us to better manage genetic resources allowing us to make efficient and sustainable decisions for the improvement or breeding of these resources. This book had an ambitious goal in bringing together a sample of the world’s leading scientists in animal breeding and evolutionary genetics to exchange knowledge to advance our understanding of these vital issues.

Download or read book Improving Animal Welfare through Genetic Selection written by Wendy Mercedes Rauw and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-07-12 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In livestock species, breeding goals are aimed primarily at improvement of production traits. However, there are a number of examples where selection for high production efficiency has resulted in reduced welfare through unfavorable outcomes in health and fitness characteristics. These effects raise questions about what is ethically acceptable in animal breeding. Welfare problems may be experienced when physiological balance is disturbed by genetic selection for high production alone, by a mismatch between the environmental challenges and the range of coping responses available to an animal, or from a mismatch between the animal’s needs and their degree of satisfaction. This may be resolved by either improving the environment to support the animal, but also by providing the animal, through genetic selection, with means to adapt to the production environment. The Standing Committee of the European Convention for the Protection of Animals kept for Farming Purposes emphasizes that breeding goals should include health and welfare. The Farm Animal Welfare Council pleas for a greater emphasis in breeding programs on traits associated with good welfare. However, although breeding goals in most farm animal species have been broadened beyond production traits to include functional traits, behavioral traits are rarely included despite their potential to improve animal production and welfare. It is the goal of the present Research Topic to bring together experimental and theoretical research focusing on the genetics of welfare traits and the possibility to improve animal welfare through selection. This topic presents an overview of the relationship between selection for high production and livestock robustness, examples of improving robustness through the introduction of novel traits in livestock breeding, and a discussion on selection methods to address welfare issues. The discussion on sustainability of breeding practices is very alive today and will remain to be an important part of the debate in the future.

Download or read book In Vivo Conservation of Animal Genetic Resources written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2013 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These guidelines present the basic concepts involved in the development and implementation of in vivo conservation plans for animal genetic resources for food and agriculture. The guidelines are intended for use by policy-makers in the management of animal genetic resources, managers of animal breeding organizations, persons responsible for training in management of animal genetic resources and any other stakeholders with leading roles in designing and implementing in vivo conservation programmes for animal genetic resources. Although individual breeders and livestock keepers are not the direct target audience, the guidelines include background information that is relevant for all stakeholders involved in planning conservation programmes.

Download or read book Molecular Plant Breeding written by Yunbi Xu and published by CABI. This book was released on 2010 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in plant genomics and molecular biology have revolutionized our understanding of plant genetics, providing new opportunities for more efficient and controllable plant breeding. Successful techniques require a solid understanding of the underlying molecular biology as well as experience in applied plant breeding. Bridging the gap between developments in biotechnology and its applications in plant improvement, Molecular Plant Breeding provides an integrative overview of issues from basic theories to their applications to crop improvement including molecular marker technology, gene mapping, genetic transformation, quantitative genetics, and breeding methodology.

Download or read book Animal Genomics written by Bhanu P. Chowdhary and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 2003 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication provides an update on the current status of gene maps in different livestock and pet/companion animal species. The findings summarized in species specific commentaries and original articles testify the rapid advances made in the field of animal genomics. Of significant interest is the fact that current investigations are providing headways for two important and exciting research fronts: targeted high-resolution mapping leading to the application of genomic information in addressing questions of economic and biological significance in animals, and the initiation of whole genome sequencing projects for some of the animal species. Like in humans and mice, this will set the stage for a new level of research and real time complex analysis of the genomes of these species. Animal Genomics signifies the beginning of a new era in this field and celebrates the achievements of the past 20 years of genomics research. It will be of special interest to researchers involved in genome analysis - both gross chromosomal as well as molecular - in various animal species, and to comparative and evolutionary geneticists.

Download or read book Applications of Linear Models in Animal Breeding written by Charles R. Henderson and published by Guelph, Ont. : University of Guelph. This book was released on 1984 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Breeding Strategies for Sustainable Intensification of Developing Smallholder Dairy Cattle Production Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Genetics of Sheep written by Laurie Piper and published by Cabi. This book was released on 1997 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systematics and phylogeny of the sheep;Genetic aspects of domestication, common breeds and their origin; Genetics of colour and hair texture; Genetics of morphological traits and inherited disorders; Biochemical genetics; Molecular genetics of sheep; Molecular genetics of immune molecules; Genetics of disease resistance and vaccine response; Molecular biology and genetics of scrapie in sheep; Cytogenetics: physical chromosome maps; The sheep linkage map; Genetics of behaviour; Biology and genetics of reproduction; Modern reproduction technologies and transgenics; Developmental genetics; Genetic resources and conservation; Genetic improvement of wool production; Genetics of meat quality; Genetics of milk production; Genetic improvement of sheep; Standardized genetic nomenclature for sheep.

Download or read book Mendel s Principles of Heredity written by William Bateson and published by . This book was released on 1902 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bateson named the science "genetics" in 1905-1906. This is the first textbook in English on the subject of genetics.

Download or read book Sustainable Food Production written by Paul Christou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-05 with total page 1869 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gathering some 90 entries from the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, this book covers animal breeding and genetics for food, crop science and technology, ocean farming and sustainable aquaculture, transgenic livestock for food and more.

Download or read book Molecular Genetic Characterization of Animal Genetic Resources written by and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These guidelines address Strategic Priority Area 1 of the Global Plan of Action - "Characterization, Inventory and Monitoring of Trends and Associated Risks". A short overview of progress in molecular characterization of animal genetic resources over the last two decades and prospects for the future is followed by a section that provides practical advice for researchers who wish to undertake a characterization study. Emphasis is given to the importance of obtaining high-quality and representative biological samples, yielding standardized data that may be integrated into analyses on an international scale.

Download or read book Genomic Selection in Animals written by Joel Weller and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-07 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of whole genome selection has quickly developed into the breeding methodology of the future. As efforts to map a wide variety of animal genomes have matured and full animal genomes are now available for many animal scientists and breeders are looking to apply these techniques to livestock production. Providing a comprehensive, forward-looking review of animal genomics, Genomic Selection in Animals provides coverage of genomic selection in a variety of economically important species including cattle, swine, and poultry. The historical foundations of genomic selection are followed by chapters that review and assess current techniques. The final chapter looks toward the future and what lies ahead for field as application of genomic selection becomes more widespread. A concise, useful summary of the field by one of the world’s leading researchers, Genomic Selection in Animals fills an important gap in the literature of animal breeding and genomics.

Download or read book Plant Breeding Past Present and Future written by John E. Bradshaw and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-08 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to help plant breeders by reviewing past achievements, currently successful practices, and emerging methods and techniques. Theoretical considerations are also presented to strike the right balance between being as simple as possible but as complex as necessary. The United Nations predicts that the global human population will continue rising to 9.0 billion by 2050. World food production will need to increase between 70-100 per cent in just 40 years. First generation bio-fuels are also using crops and cropland to produce energy rather than food. In addition, land area used for agriculture may remain static or even decrease as a result of degradation and climate change, despite more land being theoretically available, unless crops can be bred which tolerate associated abiotic stresses. Lastly, it is unlikely that steps can be taken to mitigate all of the climate change predicted to occur by 2050, and beyond, and hence adaptation of farming systems and crop production will be required to reduce predicted negative effects on yields that will occur without crop adaptation. Substantial progress will therefore be required in bridging the yield gap between what is currently achieved per unit of land and what should be possible in future, with the best farming methods and best storage and transportation of food, given the availability of suitably adapted cultivars, including adaptation to climate change. My book is divided into four parts: Part I is an historical introduction; Part II deals with the origin of genetic variation by mutation and recombination of DNA; Part III explains how the mating system of a crop species determines the genetic structure of its landraces; Part IV considers the three complementary options for future progress: use of sexual reproduction in further conventional breeding, base broadening and introgression; mutation breeding; and genetically modified crops.

Download or read book Combining Genotypic Phenotypic and Pedigree Information to Analyze Functional Traits in Dairy Cattle written by Aline Rocha Guarini and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reliabilities of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for functional traits, e.g. health, fertility and reproduction, remain low compared to those for production in dairy cattle. This is likely because large training populations are required for evaluation of lowly heritable traits. Different strategies have been proposed to overcome this limitation, such as the use of genotyped cows, inclusion of external bulls (multi-trait across-country evaluation, MACE), and adoption of different methodologies, such as the simultaneous use of genotyped and non-genotyped animals, known as the single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP). Thus, the main objectives of this thesis were to evaluate strategies for combining genotypic, phenotypic and pedigree information to analyze functional traits in Holstein cattle and investigate the effects of two deleterious recessive haplotypes (AH1 and AH2) on reproduction performance of Canadian Ayrshire cattle. Data for various functional traits recorded in Canada and MACE estimated breeding values were obtained from the Canadian Dairy Network (CDN, Guelph, Canada). Additionally, information of carriers and non-carriers bulls for AH1 and AH2 were used to investigate their effects on reproductive performance. Genomic predictions were obtained using multi-step and single-step GBLUP under different strategies, such as adding genotyped cows in the evaluation, integrating MACE information, blending traditional and genomic evaluations, and using different proportions of polygenic effect. A genome-wide association study and functional analyses were also performed for three fertility disorders, namely retained placenta, metritis and cystic ovaries. Genomic predictions for functional traits benefited greatly from simultaneous use of phenotypes, pedigree, and genotypes. Integration of MACE data using ssGBLUP yielded the highest reliabilities compared to other methods and also helped reduce bias of genomic predictions. Effects of AH1 and AH2 on reproductive performance of Canadian Ayrshire cattle were validated. A negative effect of AH1 on stillbirth rates was observed, whereas AH2 had a negative impact on 56-day non-return rate. These findings provide valuable information on strategies to more accurately predict GEBV for functional traits in dairy cattle by adopting ssGBLUP and different sources of domestic and foreign information. Biological understanding of reproductive disorders and validated lethal haplotypes affecting fertility will help enhance accuracy of selection and mating plans in the Canadian dairy cattle breeding programs.