Download or read book Genetic Improvement of Aquaculture and Wildlife Management written by Daphne Anne Gille and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic data have the ability to transform traditional aquaculture and wildlife management practices making both more efficient and effective. Here, analyses of microsatellite markers were employed to answer three applied questions of vital importance to sustainable white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) caviar farming and the management of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in Arizona. In the first chapter, we examined whether the phenomenon of spontaneous autopolyploidy in cultured white sturgeon was maternal or paternal in origin. Flow cytometry identified spontaneous autopolyploids among multiple full-sibling families at two caviar farms. The sires and dams of each family and all progeny were genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci. The transfer of unique maternal alleles from broodstock to offspring was greater than that of unique paternal alleles in spontaneous autopolyploid white sturgeon suggesting that spontaneous autopolyploidy originates as a result of abnormalities in maternal meiosis. Knowledge of the source of spontaneous autopolyploidy will allow caviar farmers to make informed decisions regarding the management of fish with elevated genome size and whether to exclude these individuals from their cultured stock. In the second chapter, we investigated the association between highly variable roe yield and the proliferation of adipose tissue in the ovaries of culture white sturgeon. Caviar farmers frequently observe that sturgeon with lean ovaries tend to produce a greater yield of superior quality caviar compared to those with large amounts of ovarian adipose tissue. A feeding trial was performed to assess the impact of diet on ovarian adiposity and caviar yield in 7- and 8-year-old white sturgeon reared at two farms in California. On a subset of these same fish, the significance of the fixed effects of age at maturity, farm, diet, tank, and genotype on ovarian adiposity and caviar yield was tested and narrow-sense heritability was calculated. Sturgeon fed a low energy finishing diet had substantially less ovarian fat and a greater roe yield than those reared on a high energy finishing diet indicating that sturgeon farmers should first rear juvenile sturgeon on a high energy diet to obtain maximal body growth but then switch to a low energy finishing diet before harvest. Such a strategy would minimize the proliferation of ovarian adipose tissue and maximize caviar yield. Farm, diet, tank, and age all had large effects on ovarian adiposity and caviar yield in sub-sampled fish (P

Download or read book Selective Breeding in Aquaculture an Introduction written by Trygve Gjedrem and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-17 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The foundation of quantitative genetics theory was developed during the last century and facilitated many successful breeding programs for cultivated plants and t- restrial livestock. The results have been almost universally impressive, and today nearly all agricultural production utilises genetically improved seed and animals. The aquaculture industry can learn a great deal from these experiences, because the basic theory behind selective breeding is the same for all species. The ?rst published selection experiments in aquaculture started in 1920 s to improve disease resistance in ?sh, but it was not before the 1970 s that the ?rst family based breeding program was initiated for Atlantic salmon in Norway by AKVAFORSK. Unfortunately, the subsequent implementation of selective breeding on a wider scale in aquaculture has been slow, and despite the dramatic gains that have been demonstrated in a number of species, less than 10% of world aquaculture production is currently based on improved stocks. For the long-term sustainability of aquaculture production, there is an urgent need to develop and implement e- cient breeding programs for all species under commercial production. The ability for aquaculture to successfully meet the demands of an ever increasing human p- ulation, will rely on genetically improved stocks that utilise feed, water and land resources in an ef?cient way. Technological advances like genome sequences of aquaculture species, and advanced molecular methods means that there are new and exciting prospects for building on these well-established methods into the future.

Download or read book Aquaculture Development written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Fao Technical Guidelines for R. This book was released on 2008 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. [without special title] -- 2. Health management for responsible movement of live aquatic animals -- 3. Genetic resource management -- 5. Use of wild fish as feed in aquaculture -- 6. Use of wild fishery resources for capture-based aquaculture

Download or read book Selection and Breeding Programs in Aquaculture written by Trygve Gjedrem and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-04-13 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although aquaculture as a biological production system has a long history, systematic and efficient breeding programs to improve economically important traits in the farmed species have rarely been utilized until recently, except for salmonid species. This means that the majority of aquaculture production (more than 90 %) is based on genetically unimproved stocks. In farm animals the situation is vastly different: practically no terrestrial farm production is based on genetically unimproved and undomesticated populations. This difference between aquaculture and livestock production is in spite of the fact that the basic elements of breeding theory are the same for fish and shellfish as for farm animals. One possible reason for the difference is the complexity of reproductive biology in aquatic species, and special consideration needs to be taken in the design of breeding plans for these species. Since 1971 AKVAFORSK, has continuously carried out large scale breeding research projects with salmonid species, and during the latest 15 years also with a number of fresh water and marine species. Results from this work and the results from other institutions around the world have brought forward considerable knowledge, which make the development of efficient breeding programs feasible. The genetic improvement obtained in selection programs for fish and shellfish is remarkable and much higher than what has been achieved in terrestrial farm animals.

Download or read book Development of Aquatic Animal Genetic Improvement and Dissemination Programs written by and published by WorldFish. This book was released on 2006 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The State of the World s Aquatic Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-07-24 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conservation, sustainable use and development of aquatic genetic resources (AqGR) is critical to the future supply of fish. The State of the World’s Aquatic Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture is the first ever global assessment of these resources, with the scope of this first Report being limited to cultured AqGR and their wild relatives, within national jurisdiction. The Report draws on 92 reports from FAO member countries and five specially commissioned thematic background studies. The reporting countries are responsible for 96 percent of global aquaculture production. The Report sets the context with a review of the state of world’s aquaculture and fisheries and includes overviews of the uses and exchanges of AqGR, the drivers and trends impacting AqGR and the extent of ex situ and in situ conservation efforts. The Report also investigates the roles of stakeholders in AqGR and the levels of activity in research, education, training and extension, and reviews national policies and the levels of regional and international cooperation on AqGR. Finally, needs and challenges are assessed in the context of the findings from the data collected from the countries. The Report represents a snapshot of the present status of AqGR and forms a valuable technical reference document, particularly where it presents standardized key terminology and concepts.

Download or read book Use of Genetically Improved and Alien Species for Aquaculture and Conservation of Aquatic Biodiversity in Africa written by Modadugu V. Gupta and published by WorldFish. This book was released on 2004 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genomics in Aquaculture to Better Understand Species Biology and Accelerate Genetic Progress written by José Manuel Yáñez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a global perspective aquaculture is an activity related to food production with large potential for growth. Considering a continuously growing population, the efficiency and sustainability of this activity will be crucial to meet the needs of protein for human consumption in the near future. However, for continuous enhancement of the culture of both fish and shellfish there are still challenges to overcome, mostly related to the biology of the cultured species and their interaction with (increasingly changing) environmental factors. Examples of these challenges include early sexual maturation, feed meal replacement, immune response to infectious diseases and parasites, and temperature and salinity tolerance. Moreover, it is estimated that less than 10% of the total aquaculture production in the world is based on populations genetically improved by means of artificial selection. Thus, there is considerable room for implementing breeding schemes aimed at improving productive traits having significant economic impact. By far the most economically relevant trait is growth rate, which can be efficiently improved by conventional genetic selection (i.e. based on breeding values of selection candidates). However, there are other important traits that cannot be measured directly on selection candidates, such as resistance against infectious and parasitic agents and carcass quality traits (e.g. fillet yield and meat color). However, these traits can be more efficiently improved using molecular tools to assist breeding programs by means of marker-assisted selection, using a few markers explaining a high proportion of the trait variation, or genomic selection, using thousands of markers to estimate genomic breeding values. The development and implementation of new technologies applied to molecular biology and genomics, such as next-generation sequencing methods and high-throughput genotyping platforms, are allowing the rapid increase of availability of genomic resources in aquaculture species. These resources will provide powerful tools to the research community and will aid in the determination of the genetic factors involved in several biological aspects of aquaculture species. In this regard, it is important to establish discussion in terms of which strategies will be more efficient to solve the primary challenges that are affecting aquaculture systems around the world. The main objective of this Research Topic is to provide a forum to communicate recent research and implementation strategies in the use of genomics in aquaculture species with emphasis on (1) a better understanding of fish and shellfish biological processes having considerable impact on aquaculture systems; and (2) the efficient incorporation of molecular information into breeding programs to accelerate genetic progress of economically relevant traits.

Download or read book Success Stories in Asian Aquaculture written by Sena S. De Silva and published by IDRC. This book was released on 2009-10-14 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how the adaptability and innovation of small-scale aquaculture farmers have been crucial to success in the region. It describes the relationship between aquaculture development in Asia to natural systems, social conditions and economics.

Download or read book Fish Genetics Research in Member Countries and Institutions of the International Network on Genetics in Aquaculture written by Modadugu V. Gupta and published by WorldFish. This book was released on 2001 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Report of the Expert Consultation on Utilization and Conservation of Aquatic Genetic Resources written by and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1993 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses the need and methodologies for the utilization and conservation of genetic resources of aquatic animals. More than a review of genetic principles and technologies, the report addresses the application of such principles and technologies in development and conservation projects and research. Specific recommendations are made with regard to the genetic resources contained in natural populations, fisheries stocks, and aquaculture. Recommendations concerning regulatory, policy and legal aspects of aquatic genetic resources are also presented.

Download or read book Genetic Conservation of Salmonid Fishes written by Joseph G. Cloud and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1993 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem is that, with the continuing degradation of water and habitat quality, selective harvesting, genetic enhancement programs, and the introduction of hatchery fish into wild populations, the genetic makeup of fish is changing radically. In 27 papers from a workshop held in Moscow, Idaho, an

Download or read book Workshop on Status and Trends in Aquatic Genetic Resources written by Devin M. Bartley and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2007 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of the workshop -- Background of the workshop -- Report of the workshop -- Conclusions and recommendations of the workshop -- Contributed papers. Developing policies for the management of fishery genetic resources / D.M. Bartley and A. Toledo -- Status and trends in genetic resources of capture fisheries / W.S. Grant -- Issues, status and trends in deep-sea fishery genetic resources / P.J. Smith -- Genetic resources for aquaculture : status and trends / R.S.V. Pullin -- Fish genomics and analytical genetic technologies, with examples of their potential applications in management of fish genetic resources / Z. Liu.

Download or read book Aquaculture and Fisheries Biotechnology written by Rex A. Dunham and published by CABI. This book was released on 2023-02-28 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genetic improvement of fish for aquaculture and related fisheries has seen huge advances over recent years. Building upon the previous two editions of Aquaculture and Fisheries Biotechnology: Genetic Approaches, this 3rd edition offers a presentation of traditional selective breeding, modern genetic biotechnology, genomics, gene transfer and gene editing, and the latest developments in genetic biotechnology such as epigenetics, xenogenesis and genome-wide association study coupled with commercial application, the impact of government regulation and expectations for the future. It provides a firm grounding in relevant aspects of classical genetics, before focusing on particular aspects such as sex reversal and breeding as applied in aquaculture and fisheries. It also explores how more recent molecular genetics, genomics and biotechnology techniques can be used and combined in improvement programmes for fish and aquaculture species. A glossary explains the latest terminology used in biotechnology and genetics. This book will be useful for research scientists and students in marine biotechnology, aquaculture biotechnology, and fish genetics and breeding.

Download or read book Practical Genetics for Aquaculture written by C. Greg Lutz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over recent years there have been major advances in the application of molecular, biotechnological and genetic techniques to a wide range of aquatic species. Until now, many working in a hands-on capacity in the area of aquaculture have not known what the benefits of this work could be to them. This important new book redresses this situation, providing clear details of the available scientific information and the direct application of techniques under simple and practical situations.

Download or read book Aquacultural Genetics and Breeding written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic Improvement of Fish Stock and Resource Conservation written by P. Das and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: