Download or read book Genetic Diversity of Escherichia Coli in Soils and Sediments of an Agricultural Watershed and Their Spatiotemporal Influences on Water Quality written by Gregory Stuart Piorkowski and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT Cont.'d: The relationship of land use type to particle attachment reinforces the hypothesis that strain-specificity in attachment behaviour can affect the transport of E. coli in fluvial systems. This work provides evidence that putatively naturalized strains in cultivated fields can contribute a large part to waterborne E. coli, and that reach-specific hydrological factors need to be considered when relating sediment- to waterborne E. coli in fluvial systems.

Download or read book Functional Diversity of Aquatic Microorganisms and Their Roles in Water Quality written by Jingqiu Liao and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-06-28 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Agrophysics written by Jan Gliński and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-07 with total page 1075 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Encyclopedia of Agrophysics will provide up-to-date information on the physical properties and processes affecting the quality of the environment and plant production. It will be a "first-up" volume which will nicely complement the recently published Encyclopedia of Soil Science, (November 2007) which was published in the same series. In a single authoritative volume a collection of about 250 informative articles and ca 400 glossary terms covering all aspects of agrophysics will be presented. The authors will be renowned specialists in various aspects in agrophysics from a wide variety of countries. Agrophysics is important both for research and practical use not only in agriculture, but also in areas like environmental science, land reclamation, food processing etc. Agrophysics is a relatively new interdisciplinary field closely related to Agrochemistry, Agrobiology, Agroclimatology and Agroecology. Nowadays it has been fully accepted as an agricultural and environmental discipline. As such this Encyclopedia volume will be an indispensable working tool for scientists and practitioners from different disciplines, like agriculture, soil science, geosciences, environmental science, geography, and engineering.

Download or read book The Molecular Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Escherichia Coli in Aquatic Systems of Northern California written by Maria das Gracas Cabral Pereira and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Escherichia coli is a genetically heterogeneous group of bacteria and a component of the normal intestinal flora of humans and other vertebrates. However, certain E. coli subsets have acquired genes such as Shigatoxin (STEC) and subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB) that enable them to cause human diseases. It is well established that livestock can shed in their manure a variety of pathogenic E. coli strains, including O26 and O145 that can be transmitted to humans, other domestic animals, and wildlife through the waterborne route. Estuaries in Northern California can be threatened by polluted microbial runoff originated from agricultural settings. These waters are vulnerable to microbial contamination from contaminated freshwater inflows and if occurring, resuspension of contaminated riverine and estuarine sediments during the rainfall season. Assessment of fecal pollution in surface water generally relies on the use of fecal indicator organisms such as E. coli. The objectives of this study were (1) to genetically characterize E. coli isolates from five northern California estuaries using a rep-PCR (Box-PCR) to determine if elevated counts of E. coli during wet season could be attributed either to freshwater inflows contaminated by non-point source pollution from upstream terrestrial sources or to resuspension of contaminated estuarine/riverine sediments, (2) to determine the occurrence of subtilase cytotoxin encoding gene in water-associated E. coli isolates, 3) to develop innovative detection methods for E. coli O26 and O145 in surface water samples, 4) to determine the occurrence and risk factors associated with E. coli O26 and O145 in surface water, 5) to perform DNA fingerprinting analysis and DNA detection of certain virulence genes in isolates of E. coli O26 and O145. BOX-PCR was used to characterize 961 Escherichia coli isolates from surface water, suspended solids (SS), riverine and estuarine sediments from five Northern California estuaries. The percentage of E. coli with 100% similarity for the water and SS fractions were higher during the dry and wet storm flow seasons, respectively. E. coli from bottom sediment revealed large amount of genomic diversity compared to water and SS, given the low percentage of similarity. These results suggest that runoff might be the source of elevated counts during wet season in these estuaries due to low percentage of genetic similarity between E. coli from sediment to SS and water samples. The subtilase encoding gene (subAB) was detected in Shigatoxigenic and non-Shigatoxigenic water-associated E. coli isolates (7/397). The observation that not all isolates amplified with the subA primers used to identify subAB in the 98NK2 strain suggests that additional subtilase variants might be present among non-Shigatoxigenic and Shigatoxigenic E. coli . Surface water samples were collected from 26 sampling sites in the northeastern section of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and tested for the presence of E. coli O26 and O145. First, an innovative Real-Time PCR was developed to detect these serotypes in surface water. Second, E. coli O26 (6.7%) and O145 (2.3%) were detected in Delta water using the developed methodology. The presence of submerged aquatic vegetation and wooded islands within 100 m of sampling sites were associated with detecting E. coli O26 (P

Download or read book Sources and Impacts of Indigenous Escherichia Coli in Soils from a Lake Superior Watershed written by Satoshi Ishii and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Concentrations of Escherichia Coli in Streams in the Ohio River Watershed in Indiana May August 2000 written by Cheryl A. Silcox and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Variability of E Coli in Streambed Sediments and Its Implication for Water Quality written by Sadia Salam and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking written by Jorge W. Santo Domingo and published by Emerging Issues in Food Safety. This book was released on 2007 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a state-of-the-art review of the current technology and applications being utilized to identify sources of fecal contamination in waterways. - Serves as a useful reference for researchers in the food industry, especially scientists investigating etiological agents responsible for food contamination. - Provides background information on MST methods and the assumptions and limitations associated with their use. - Covers a broad range of topics related to MST, including environmental monitoring, public health and national security, population biology, and microbial ecology. - Offers valuable insights into future research directions and technology developments.

Download or read book Escherichia Coli and Fecal coliform Bacteria as Indicators of Recreational Water Quality written by Donna S. Francy and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Water Quality Engineering in Natural Systems written by David A. Chin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-19 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FOCUSING ON CONTAMINANT FATE AND TRANSPORT, DESIGN OF ENVIRONMENTAL-CONTROL SYSTEMS, AND REGULATORY CONSTRAINTS This textbook details the fundamental equations that describe the fate and transport of contaminantsin the water environment. The application of these fundamental equations to the design of environmental-control systems and methodologies for assessing the impact of contaminant discharges into rivers, lakes, wetlands, ground water, and oceans are all covered. Readers learn to assess how much waste can be safely assimilatedinto a water body by developing a solid understanding of the relationship between the type of pollutant discharged, the characteristics of the receiving water, and physical, chemical, and biological impacts. In cases of surface runoff from urban and agricultural watersheds, quantitative relationships between the quality of surface runoff and the characteristics of contaminant sources located within the watersheds are presented. Some of the text's distinguishing features include its emphasis on the engineering design of systems that control the fate and transport of contaminants in the water environment, the design of remediation systems, and regulatory constraints. Particular attention is given to use-attainability analyses and the estimation of total maximum daily loads, both of which are essential components of water-quality control in natural systems. Readers are provided with a thorough explanation of the complex set of laws and regulations governing water-quality control in the United States. Proven as an effective textbook in several offerings of the author's class "Water Quality Control in Natural Systems," the flow of the text is carefully structured to facilitate learning. Moreover, a number of practical pedagogical tools are offered: * Practical examples used throughout the text illustrate the effects of controlling the quality, quantity, timing, and distribution of contaminant discharges into the environment * End-of-chapter problems, and an accompanying solutions manual, help readers assess their grasp of each topic as they progress through the text * Several appendices with useful reference material are provided, including current U.S. Water Quality Standards * Detailed bibliography guides readers to additional resources to explore particular topics in greater depth With its emphasis on contaminant fate and transport and design of environmental-control systems, this text is ideal for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students in environmental and civil engineering programs.Environmental scientists and practicing environmental/civil engineers will also find the text relevant and useful.

Download or read book Escherichia Coli at Ohio Bathing Beaches written by Bernard T. Nolan and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analysis of Escherichia Coli Populations in a Large Watershed written by Michelle D. Nemec and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Escherichia coli are one of the most common model organisms used today. This organism has played an integral role in our understanding of bacterial conjugation, phage genetics, and gene structure, and it is also responsible for many of the advances in the areas of proteomics and biotechnology. However, very little is known about the characteristics of E. coli populations in their natural habitats. In this study, three characteristics of E. coli populations isolated from nine different sources were investigated, including: 1) antibiotic resistance, 2) carbon--substrate usage, and 3) genetic diversity. Antibiotic resistance was examined using eight antibiotics. Overall, the incidence of amoxicillin resistance was high in all of the E. coli populations, and multi-drug resistance was common. Antibiotic resistance was prevalent across populations, and the highest level of resistance was found in isolates obtained from sewage and dairy cattle. The carbon--substrate utilization of the E. coli populations was examined using Biolog GN2 microplates. The fundamental metabolic capabilities of the E. coli isolates were relatively stable across populations; however, variation did occur in the extent to which some isolates in the populations could utilize the various carbon substrates. Metabolic similarities were greatest between E. coli isolates from the same population. Rep--PCR was implemented to assess the genetic diversity present in the various E. coli populations. Overall, the genetic diversity of the E. coli isolates appeared to be large. Unfortunately, there are very few other studies available with which to compare these data. The level of genetic diversity varied between each population of isolates; although, isolates from the same population tended to be more genetically similar than isolates from different populations. Finally, Jackknife analysis demonstrated that the various E. coli populations were more distinct from each other genetically than they were based on antibiotic resistance or carbon--utilization. When all three characteristics were combined, relatively clear distinctions could be made between most populations. When the characteristics of E. coli isolated from water were compared with the characteristics of the isolates from the other sources, the majority of the water isolates were most similar to E. coli obtained from cattle.

Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 2664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigating the Prevalence and Persistence of Different Escherichia Coli Genotypes in an Agriculturally Influenced Aquatic Ecosystem written by Shirin Afroj and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Wetlands written by K. Ramesh Reddy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-10 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The globally important nature of wetland ecosystems has led to their increased protection and restoration as well as their use in engineered systems. Underpinning the beneficial functions of wetlands are a unique suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate elemental cycling in soils and the water column. This book provides an in-depth coverage of these wetland biogeochemical processes related to the cycling of macroelements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, secondary and trace elements, and toxic organic compounds. In this synthesis, the authors combine more than 100 years of experience studying wetlands and biogeochemistry to look inside the black box of elemental transformations in wetland ecosystems. This new edition is updated throughout to include more topics and provide an integrated view of the coupled nature of biogeochemical cycles in wetland systems. The influence of the elemental cycles is discussed at a range of scales in the context of environmental change including climate, sea level rise, and water quality. Frequent examples of key methods and major case studies are also included to help the reader extend the basic theories for application in their own system. Some of the major topics discussed are: Flooded soil and sediment characteristics Aerobic-anaerobic interfaces Redox chemistry in flooded soil and sediment systems Anaerobic microbial metabolism Plant adaptations to reducing conditions Regulators of organic matter decomposition and accretion Major nutrient sources and sinks Greenhouse gas production and emission Elemental flux processes Remediation of contaminated soils and sediments Coupled C-N-P-S processes Consequences of environmental change in wetlands# The book provides the foundation for a basic understanding of key biogeochemical processes and its applications to solve real world problems. It is detailed, but also assists the reader with box inserts, artfully designed diagrams, and summary tables all supported by numerous current references. This book is an excellent resource for senior undergraduates and graduate students studying ecosystem biogeochemistry with a focus in wetlands and aquatic systems.

Download or read book Occurrence and Fate of Escherichia Coli from Non point Sources in Cedar Creek Watershed Texas written by Reema Padia and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fecal contamination is the pollution caused by the microorganisms residing in the intestine of warm blooded animals and humans. Bacteria are the prime cause of contamination of surface waters in the US. The transport of microorganisms into waterways can have detrimental effects on water quality and human health especially if the pathogenic strains are ingested. E. coli is used as an indicator of fecal contamination. Detection of these bacteria in a water body above set limits poses a potential health hazard. Various sources contribute to the bacterial contamination of a water body. The sources need to be identified and quantified for their E. coli content to measure bacteria loads in the waterbody accurately. In many cases, in-situ re-growth is also believed to be a considerable source of E. coli. Also re-growth of E. coli in landscapes due to favorable environmental conditions (e.g., rainfall after dry weather conditions) is one of the major phenomena affecting E. coli concentration in streams. Thus the environmental factors like temperature and soil moisture that influence transport, persistence, re-growth, and survival of E. coli in landscapes were studied. The objective of this study was to identify, characterize and quantify E. coli loads from feces of four different animals and monitor survival, growth and re-growth at four different temperatures and moisture contents over a period of seven days. Findings of this research will aid in Watershed Protection Plan (WPP) development and Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) development to address impairment from point and non-point source pollution of E. coli. Wildlife and range cattle manure samples responsible for fecal contamination of Cedar Creek were identified and four fecal sources out of those were quantified for the E. coli concentrations. No significant difference was found upon comparing the E. coli concentration for each species between the genders. Sub-adult cattle demonstrated significantly higher E. coli concentrations than adult cattle. Growth and die-off rates were measured at different temperatures (0degreesC, 10degreesC, 25degreesC, and 50degreesC) and moisture conditions (1%, 25% 56.5% and 83%). E. coli concentrations in cattle and raccoons feces showed highest survivability and growth at 20degreesC out of all the temperatures studied. There was no survival of E. coli from either species at 50degreesC after 24 h. E. coli in cattle and raccoons samples exhibited greater growth at lower, nearly aerobic soil moisture content (25%) for all days compared to nearly anaerobic soil moisture content (83%).