Download or read book Genetic Assessment of Native and Non native White tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus in the Southcentral U S written by Jordan L. Youngmann and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population genetics of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been influenced through human actions including the translocation of deer from across the United States in the 1900s and, recently, the creation of the captive-cervid industry, which uses animal husbandry to manipulate genetic variation. To assess the effects of these actions, I studied the genetic variation of free-range and captive populations of deer across the southcentral U.S. using a 14 microsatellite panel. In free-range populations I found genetic structure that divided deer west to east along the Mississippi River. Additionally, I found that captive populations were genetically distinct from geographically proximate free-range populations. However, after 2 generations of hybridization, this distinction disappeared. Finally, using both Bayesian clustering and multivariate approaches, I was able to identify a non-native individual from local free-range populations in southern Mississippi. Using these methods, wildlife managers can further investigate cases of hybridization between non-native deer and free-range populations.
Download or read book Topical Bibliography for the White tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus in Nine U S National Park Service Regions and Parts of Canada written by Jonathan E. Hoeldtke and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Multi taxonomic Approach to Assess the Impact of Overabundant White tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus in Forest Ecosystems Across Northeast Ohio written by Sara A. Laux and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Browsing by white-tailed deer has alters plant species diversity of the forest understory across much of North America. A reduced understory may lead to the simplification of the forest-floor microhabitat, causing broad scale shifts in the community composition and abundance of litter-dwelling arthropods and small mammals. The objectives of this study were to 1) document changes in the forest-floor microhabitat as a result of over-browsing by deer and 2) determine if differential browsing pressures indirectly affect faunal biodiversity (litter-dwelling arthropods and small mammals) of forest ecosystems. I predicted that browsing within the understory will reduce structural complexity of the forest-floor microhabitat, and its dependent community. A combination of comparative (high vs. low deer impact) and exclosure studies were used to document the effects of herbivory on forest ecosystems. Fewer seedlings and less herbaceous and canopy cover occurred in areas outside exclosures and in areas heavily impacted by deer in contrast to those impacted less, and as percent herbaceous cover correlated strongly with leaf litter biomass and depth, browsing reduces structural complexity of the forest-floor microhabitat. More mesofauna, Coleoptera and Araneae, were present inside than outside deer exclosures. Non-native species (i.e., centipedes, gastropods, isopods and millipedes) were more abundant in areas of high deer impact compared to areas of lower impact. No differences in small mammal abundance were detected in response to the indirect effects of browsing; however, areas of low impact were more speciose and supported significantly more insectivorous small mammals (Soricidae). Soricids require moist habitats with adequate cover and ample invertebrate prey. Capture rates of the Masked Shrew, Sorex cinereus, were positively correlated with litter depth and invertebrate abundance of the preceding year. These findings suggest that even where total soricid and arthropod abundance did not vary in response to differential levels of deer impacts, simplification of the forest-floor microhabitat can reduce diversity and species composition of litter-dwelling animals. Deer may also facilitate the invasion of non-native species and alter trophic cascades within the forest-floor ecosystem.
Download or read book Genetic Interactions Between Two Species of North American Deer Odocoileus Virginianus and Ococoileus Hemionus written by James Newton Derr and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book White tailed Deer in the Southern Forest Habitat written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Structuring of Coues White tailed Deer in the Southwestern United States written by Roy G. Lopez and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Historical and Projected Regional Trends of White tailed Deer and Wild Turkey in the Southern United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Studies of Odocoileus Virginianus and Blarina Carolinensis written by Diana A. Elrod and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Genetic Structure of White Tailed Deer to Evaluate the Potential Epizootiology of Chronic Wasting Disease in an Area of Recent Emergence written by William Leroy Miller and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildlife diseases are important stressors of natural populations and commonly impact species of management and conservation interest. Because of this, mitigating the negative effects of these diseases is a common goal of many management strategies. One of the key goals in areas of recent disease emergence is to minimize the geographic diffusion of diseases across landscapes so that nave populations remain minimally impacted. Prospective tools for predicting disease flow are particularly helpful in the initial stages of the epizootic cycle. Evaluating patterns of population structure, susceptibility, and connectivity can provide important insights into the potential spread of diseases across landscapes. Landscape genetic analyses, in particular, have proven particularly useful in elucidating these population characteristics. Chronic wasting disease, a fatal neurodegenerative disease of members of the family Cervidae, is a disease of particular concern due to the ecological and economic importance of infected species. Chronic wasting disease is caused by an infectious prion protein that can be passed by contact among individuals and/or through the use of shared environments. Contact among nave and infected individuals is thought to play an important role in the geographic diffusion of this disease, and management plans commonly focus on minimizing contact among these groups. Population structure and patterns of gene flow impact the distribution and occurrence of chronic wasting disease on landscape where it occurs. Thus, assessing these factors may help to identify effective management units and to predict transmission patterns within and among populations. Additionally, individual and population susceptibility to this disease is modulated by genetic variability in the prion protein (PRNP) gene, so evaluating transmission dynamics in tandem with spatial PRNP variability provides a means of assessing the innate vulnerability of populations to disease occurrence and establishment.In this study, I evaluated the genetic structure of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States of America in order to evaluate factors that may influence the epizootiology of chronic wasting disease. I used a panel of 11 microsatellite markers to assess spatial genetic structure and gene flow. These markers were chosen from a large suite of available loci (106 candidate markers) identified from 58 previous or ongoing studies of white-tailed deer genetics. These markers were chosen because they were characterized by low genotyping error rates and were inferred to be broadly applicable across the range of white-tailed deer in North America given the geographic distribution of previous studies. I genotyped a total of 2222 individuals to assess spatial genetic structure of white-tailed deer in the Mid-Atlantic region. White-tailed deer conformed to a pattern of isolation-by-distance at both fine and broad spatial scales. Despite this, 11 distinct subpopulation clusters were identified throughout the region. The edges of these subpopulations were associated with high-volume traffic roads and areas of greater elevational relief. Despite significant structure, subpopulations maintained high rates of connectivity. There was evidence of hierarchical genetic structure with the bounds of larger population units generally corresponding to physiographic provinces. Subpopulation units defined this way are more likely to be an effective disease management unit relative to those commonly defined by anthropocentric boundaries. Population structure is only one factor influencing the geographic distribution of diseases. Cervids are farmed in this region, and several captive cervid facilities have experienced recent outbreaks of chronic wasting disease. Egression from infected facilities represents another potential pathway for transmission. I used a Bayesian assignment algorithm to test for captive egression and dispersal events among free-ranging populations, both of which may contribute to epizootic patterns. I found a low (2.0%) but significant proportion of free-ranging deer that assigned to captive origin. Two deer that were infected with chronic wasting disease had a high probability of sourcing from captive populations. The proportion of individuals that assigned to a migratory origin was as high as 13.8% among the four subsampling units, and the proportion of individuals with admixed ancestry was as high as 46.7%. This suggests dispersal is common and ongoing and is commensurate with the high migration rates reported previously. One deer infected with chronic wasting disease assigned to a migratory origin. These results may indicate that both captive egression and natural dispersal have the potential to contribute to the spread of this disease into previously uninfected regions.Individual susceptibility to chronic wasting disease is thought to be linked to variation at two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PRNP gene. Thus, population-scale variability at these loci may influence the risk of infection and establishment. The Mid-Atlantic populations of white-tailed deer generally had a higher proportion of susceptible individuals relative to populations with a longer history of chronic wasting disease. Variability at these loci varied spatially within the region and generally conformed to patterns of population structure. This suggests that some populations may be more innately susceptible than others to chronic wasting disease establishment. Understanding patterns of population structure and susceptibility provides insights into the potential occurrence of chronic wasting disease but does not necessarily explain transmission dynamics among populations. Transmission is expected to be facilitated by dispersal, but how deer move among populations is likely a consequence of the underlying landscape matrix. I evaluated the correlation between landscape features and patterns of gene flow using a resistance surface modeling approach to identify potential transmission corridors. Patterns of genetic differentiation were best explained by a resistance surface including percent forest cover, elevational relief, and traffic volume. While large streams were also included in the resistance surface, landscape resistance related to streams was negligible. Elevational relief and traffic volume were less resistant features than areas of low forest cover, highlighting the permeability of these features to deer movement. Gene flow was facilitated through forested corridors in heterogeneous landscapes and was more diffuse in homogeneous landscapes. A large number of chronic wasting disease cases occurred in areas of high connectivity, indicating that these areas may influence disease transmission among distinct groups of deer. In conclusion, patterns of white-tailed deer genetic structure are cryptic and associated with features that are permeable to movement. Nevertheless, these features may influence the distribution of chronic wasting disease and the possibility for transmission among populations. Furthermore, spatial variability at loci associated with disease susceptibility suggests that some populations may be more innately at risk for disease establishment than others. Incorporating the inferred patterns of population structure, connectivity, and susceptibility into disease forecasting models represents a logical extension and may further elucidate the trends observed here. Other sources of infection, such as captive egression, may pose a risk independent of patterns predicted by natural population structure. Thus, joint consideration of anthropogenic and natural sources of infection may further aid in predicting future epizootic patterns.
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Blood Components in an Isolated Population of White tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus written by Bonnie Lee Lamvermeyer and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Temporal Genetic Variation in White tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus written by Peggy Gardner Kollars and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Movements Relatedness and Modeled Genetic Manipulation of White tailed Deer written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is one of the most widely studied wildlife species in North America. However, many aspects of the white-tailed deers ecology have not been studied at very fine temproal scales of
Download or read book Genetic Variation and Population Differentiation in White tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus Revealed by PCR SSCP of the Major Histocompatibility Complex written by Tami Gail Ross and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecology and Management of White tailed Deer in Northeastern Coastal Habitats written by Brian L. Cypher and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimating the Ecological Impact and Carrying Capacity of White tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus at Camp James A Garfield Joint Military Training Center written by Curtis D. Burns (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic habitat modification, predator extirpation, and reduced hunting pressure have pushed white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) populations to unprecedentedly high densities throughout much of eastern North America. Importantly, their selective foraging can depress the abundance of preferred native plant species, increase that of less nutritious ones, and facilitate exotic species invasion. However, few have researched areas where WTD densities have been maintained, for decades, at low levels. Moreover, scant data exists on canopy species regeneration across different-aged canopy gaps, in different habitats, and in areas of historically high and low WTD densities. Here, we ask: 1) across a range of canopy gap ages, does WTD density affect the number and relative cover of native and non-native plant species, in wet and dry habitats?, and 2) does vegetation structure differ in areas of historically low WTD density relative to areas where WTD are excluded via fenced exclosures? - here, an answer of `no' suggests WTD are at or below their carrying capacity. This study took place in and outside of Camp James A. Garfield Joint Military Training Center (C-JAG, Portage Co., OH), which has maintained WTD densities 2-3 times lower than the surrounding areas, since 1955. Excluding WTD at C-JAG for one year did not result in different plant communities, suggesting C-JAG's aggressive WTD management has them at or below their carrying capacity. Relative to surrounding areas, canopy gaps at C-JAG generally harbored a more diverse and abundant assemblage of native species, especially in dry habitats, and lower levels of non-native species in both habitats. Canopy gap age did not affect any response variable, suggesting a low WTD density generally promotes native plant diversity, and reduces the incidence of exotic species, regardless of gap successional stage. Given that energy transfer to higher trophic levels tends to be greater in areas of high native plant diversity, maintaining low WTD densities may facilitate the diversity and abundance of species at higher trophic levels. Lastly, without adequate WTD management, our forests will likely suffer continued native biodiversity loss, altered successional trajectories, and become increasingly dominated by exotic species.
Download or read book Genetic Inventory of White tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus on the Angelo State University Management Instruction and Research Center written by Gilbert Allen Horton and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Whitetails written by Erwin A. Bauer and published by Voyageur Press. This book was released on 1995-08 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Voyageur Naturally is your one-stop resource for books about nature and country sports. We have one of the largest selections available for both adult and young adult and readers. Zoos and aquariums, natural history museums, gift shops, sporting book retailers, and other booksellers all appreciate the depth and quality of our series and our commitment to providing up-to-date information from leading naturalists and scientists.
