Download or read book Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms Regulating the G1 S Transcriptional Wave in Fission Yeast written by Alberto González Medina and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The control of proper progression of eukaryotic cell cycle is essential if cells want to continue proliferating appropriately, and it is a conserve feature from yeast to human cells. One of the most important points of cell cycle control takes place at the end of the G1 phase, when cells are compromised between remaining in a state of quiescence (G0) or continuing the proliferative cycle independently of environmental signals. This point is known as Start in yeast and depends on the activation of the transcription factor MBF. In this thesis, we show that tRNA methyltransferases and the Elongator complex promote an accurate MBF activity and that COP9/Signasolome together the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex Cul4-Ddb1Cdt2 are responsible for the downregulation of MBF-dependent transcription. Furthermore, we have study the feature of the chromatin around MBF-regulated promoters, since the chromatin represent an impediment to the access of the transcription machinery. In this sense, we have found that the chromatin remodeler INO80 and the histone acetyltransferase Gcn5 interact with MBF in a cell cycle-dependent manner to promote the initiation of the transcription of MBF-regulated genes.
Download or read book Spatio Temporal Regulation of Cell Cycle Transcription written by Umut Eser and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Start checkpoint regulates cell cycle commitment and associated transcription in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It was previously shown that commitment to cell division corresponds to activating the positive feedback loop of G1 cyclins controlled by the transcription factors SBF and MBF. Around this pivotal cell cycle event, over 300 genes (G1/S regulon) are expressed to facilitate the G1/S transition. Despite its importance, little was known about distinct temporal regulation within the G1/S regulon. We found that SBF and MBF target genes have a well-defined distribution of transcriptional activation times. We also showed that activation of G1 cyclins precedes the activation of the bulk of the G1/S regulon, which we named 'feedback-first' regulation. In budding yeast, feedback-first regulation ensures that commitment to cell division occurs before large-scale changes in transcription. Thus, the transition can be viewed as a two-step process whereby the decision to divide precedes synthesis of the cellular machinery required for division. Furthermore, we found that feedback-first regulation is conserved in the related yeast S. bayanus as well as human cells. This finding highlighted the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms through which co-regulated genes can have distinct activation dynamics. We showed that timing is partially explained by the combinatorial use of SBF and MBF transcription factors, which implement a logical OR function for gene activation. In addition to combinatorial use of transcription factors, we analyzed genome-wide chromosome conformation capture data to examine the potential link between the timing of gene expression and 3-D genome architecture. The early-activated genes of the G1/S regulon are significantly enriched for the number of physical contacts to the rest of the genome. Further analysis revealed two main clusters, whose interactions co-vary and whose activation time distributions are distinct. Taken together, these our work explains a significant amount of timing variation within cell cycle-dependent gene expression. Thus, we concluded that the cell utilizes both genome architecture and the combinatorial use of transcription factors to implement feedback-first regulation ensuring that commitment to cell division precedes genome-wide cell cycle-dependent transcription.
Download or read book The Plant Cell Cycle written by Dirk Inzé and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the study of the plant cell cycle has become of major interest, not only to scientists working on cell division sensu strictu , but also to scientists dealing with plant hormones, development and environmental effects on growth. The book The Plant Cell Cycle is a very timely contribution to this exploding field. Outstanding contributors reviewed, not only knowledge on the most important classes of cell cycle regulators, but also summarized the various processes in which cell cycle control plays a pivotal role. The central role of the cell cycle makes this book an absolute must for plant molecular biologists.
Download or read book Stress Activated Protein Kinases written by Francesc Posas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-24 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book leading researchers in the field discuss the state-of-the-art of many aspects of SAPK signaling in various systems from yeast to mammals. These include various chapters on regulatory mechanisms as well as the contribution of the SAPK signaling pathways to processes such as gene expression, metabolism, cell cycle regulation, immune responses and tumorigenesis. Written by international experts, the book will appeal to cell biologists and biochemists.
Download or read book Guide to Yeast Genetics and Molecular Biology written by Christine Guthrie and published by . This book was released on 1991-01-28 with total page 933 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Guide to Yeast Genetics and Molecular Biology presents, for the first time, a comprehensive compilation of the protocols and procedures that have made Saccharomyces cerevisiae such a facile system for all researchers in molecular and cell biology. Whether you are an established yeast biologist or a newcomer to the field, this volume contains all the up-to-date methods you will need to study "Your Favorite Gene" in yeast. Basic Methods in Yeast Genetics**Physical and genetic mapping**Making and recovering mutants**Cloning and Recombinant DNA Methods**High-efficiency transformation**Preparation of yeast artificial chromosome vectors**Basic Methods of Cell Biology**Immunomicroscopy**Protein targeting assays**Biochemistry of Gene Expression**Vectors for regulated expression**Isolation of labeled and unlabeled DNA, RNA, and protein
Download or read book Centromeres and Kinetochores written by Ben E. Black and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-23 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest advances concerning the regulation of chromosome segregation during cell division by means of centromeres and kinetochores. The authors cover both state-of-the-art techniques and a range of species and model systems, shedding new light on the molecular mechanisms controlling the transmission of genetic material between cell divisions and from parent to offspring. The chapters cover five major areas related to the current study of centromeres and kinetochores: 1) their genetic and epigenetic features, 2) key breakthroughs at the molecular, proteomic, imaging and biochemical level, 3) the constitutive centromere proteins, 4) the role of centromere proteins in the physical process of chromosome segregation and its careful orchestration through elaborate regulation, and 5) intersections with reproductive biology, human health and disease, as well as chromosome evolution. The book offers an informative and provocative guide for newcomers as well as those already acquainted with the field.
Download or read book RNA Infrastructure and Networks written by Lesley J. Collins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNAs form complexes with proteins and other RNAs. The RNA‐infrastructure represents the spatiotemporal interaction of these proteins and RNAs in a cell‐wide network. RNA Infrastructure and Networks brings together these ideas to illustrate the scope of RNA‐based biology, and how connecting RNA mechanisms is a powerful tool to investigate regulatory pathways. This book is but a taste of the wide range of RNA‐based mechanisms that connect in the RNA infrastructure.
Download or read book Cell Cycle and Cell Differentiation written by J. Reinert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is instructive to compare the response of biologists to the two themes that comprise the title of this volume. The concept of the cell cycle-in contra distinction to cell division-is a relatively recent one. Nevertheless biologists of all persuasions appreciate and readily agree on the central problems in this area. Issues ranging from mechanisms that initiate and integrate the synthesis of chro mosomal proteins and DNA during S-phase of mitosis to the manner in which assembly of microtubules and their interactions lead to the segregation of metaphase chromosomes are readily followed by botanists and zoologists, as well as by cell and molecular biologists. These problems are crisp and well-defined. The current state of "cell differentiation" stands in sharp contrast. This, one of the oldest problems in experimental biology, almost defies definition today. The difficulties arise not only from a lack of pertinent information on the regulatory mechanisms, but also from conflicting basic concepts in this field. One of the ways in which this situation might be improved would be to find a broader experimental basis, including a better understanding of the relationship between the cell cycle and cell differentiation.
Download or read book DNA Replication and Human Disease written by Melvin L. DePamphilis and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At least 5 trillion cell divisions are required for a fertilized egg to develop into an adult human, resulting in the production of more than 20 trillion meters of DNA! And yet, with only two exceptions, the genome is replicated once and only once each time a cell divides. How is this feat accomplished? What happens when errors occur? This book addresses these questions by presenting a thorough analysis of the molecular events that govern DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. The association between genome replication and cell proliferation, disease pathogenesis, and the development of targeted therapeutics is also addressed. At least 160 proteins are involved in replicating the human genome, and at least 40 diseases are caused by aberrant DNA replication, 35 by mutations in genes required for DNA replication or repair, 7 by mutations generated during mitochondrial DNA replication, and more than 40 by DNA viruses. Consequently, a growing number of therapeutic drugs are targeted to DNA replication proteins. This authoritative volume provides a rich source of information for researchers, physicians, and teachers, and will stimulate thinking about the relevance of DNA replication to human disease.
Download or read book The Cell Cycle and Cancer written by Renato Baserga and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stem Cell Biology written by Daniel R. Marshak and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cells are the focus of intense interest from a growing, multidisciplinary community of investigators with new tools for isolating and characterizing these elusive cell types. This volume, which features contributions from many of the world's leading laboratories, provides a uniquely broad and authoritative basis for understanding the biology of stem cells and the current excitement about their potential for clinical exploitation. It is an essential work of reference for investigators in embryology, hematology, and neurobiology, and their potential for clinical exploitation. It is an essential work of reference for investigators in embryology, hematology, and neurobiology, and their collaborators in the emerging field of regenerative medicine.
Download or read book The Cell Cycle written by David Owen Morgan and published by New Science Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cell Cycle: Principles of Control provides an engaging insight into the process of cell division, bringing to the student a much-needed synthesis of a subject entering a period of unprecedented growth as an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cell division are revealed.
Download or read book An Introduction to Ecological Genomics written by Nico M. van Straalen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors also provide a comparative survey of the properties of genomes (genome size, gene families, synteny, and polymorphism) for prokaryotes as well as the main eukaryotic models.
Download or read book Epigenomics written by Krishnarao Appasani and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-02 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding mechanisms of gene regulation that are independent of the DNA sequence itself - epigenetics - has the potential to overthrow long-held views on central topics in biology, such as the biology of disease or the evolution of species. High throughput technologies reveal epigenetic mechanisms at a genome-wide level, giving rise to epigenomics as a new discipline with a distinct set of research questions and methods. Leading experts from academia, the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries explain the role of epigenomics in a wide range of contexts, covering basic chromatin biology, imprinting at a genome-wide level, and epigenomics in disease biology and epidemiology. Details on assays and sequencing technology serve as an up-to-date overview of the available technological tool kit. A reliable guide for newcomers to the field as well as experienced scientists, this is a unique resource for anyone interested in applying the power of twenty-first-century genomics to epigenetic studies.
Download or read book Phosphoinositides I Enzymes of Synthesis and Degradation written by Tamas Balla and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-08 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphoinositides play a major role in cellular signaling and membrane organization. During the last three decades we have learned that enzymes turning over phosphoinositides control vital physiological processes and are involved in the initiation and progression of cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic disease and more. In two volumes, this book elucidates the crucial mechanisms that control the dynamics of phosphoinositide conversion. Starting out from phosphatidylinositol, a chain of lipid kinases collaborates to generate the oncogenic lipid phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate. For every phosphate group added, there are specific lipid kinases – and phosphatases to remove it. Additionally, phospholipases can cleave off the inositol head group and generate poly-phosphoinositols, which act as soluble signals in the cytosol. Volume I untangles the web of these enzymes and their products, and relates them to function in health and disease. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases and 3-phosphatases have received a special focus in volume I, and recent therapeutic developments in human disease are presented along with a historical perspective illustrating the impressive progress in the field.
Download or read book Modern Microbial Genetics written by Uldis N. Streips and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-03-24 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In accordance with its predecessor, the completely revised and expanded Second Edition of Modern Microbial Genetics focuses on how bacteria and bacteriophage arrange and rearrange their genetic material through mutation, evolution, and genetic exchange to take optimal advantage of their environment. The text is divided into three sections: DNA Metabolism, Genetic Response, and Genetic Exchange. The first addresses how DNA replicates, repairs itself, and recombines, as well as how it may be manipulated. The second section is devoted to how microorganisms interact with their environment, including chapters on sporulation and stress shock, and the final section contains the latest information on classic exchange mechanisms such as transformation and conjugation. Chapters include: * Gene Expression and Its Regulation * Single-Stranded DNA Phages * Genetic Tools for Dissecting Motility and Development of Myxococcus xanthus * Molecular Mechanism of Quorum Sensing * Transduction in Gram-Negative Bacteria * Genetic Approaches in Bacteria with No Natural Genetic Systems The editors also cultivate an attention to global regulatory systems throughout the book, elucidating how certain genes and operons in bacteria, defined as regulons, network and cooperate to suit the needs of the bacterial cell. With clear appreciation for the impact of molecular genomics, this completely revised and updated edition proves that Modern Microbial Genetics remains the benchmark text in its field.
Download or read book Chromosomal Alterations written by Günter Obe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-02 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book helps the reader to better understand cytogenetics and the intricacies of the methodology. The different methods of fluorescence in situ hybridization are discussed and the results achieved are presented. The book provides a comprehensive review of basic and applied aspects of cytogenetics and thus is of intense interest to all those interested in chromosomes and their alterations by different types of mutagens, including chemical mutagens and ionizing and nonionizing radiation, with special reference to electromagnetic fields.
