Download or read book Genetic and Environmental Factors Influencing Strawberry Production Pollination and Pathogens written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban agriculture contributes to local food production, food access, nutrition, and community development in cities. Most research on crop productivity, however, takes place in rural environments, not in urban or peri-urban areas. Given a growing interest in urban agriculture, research evaluating factors that limit crop production in cities is needed as these factors may differ from those in rural environments. My dissertation research evaulates factor influencing strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) cultivation in raised-bed production systems across rural, peri-urban, and urban environments. Strawberries are one of the most popular types of berries in the world and are well suited to grow in a variety of climatic and environmental conditions, including urban gardens and farms. My research aims to provide a better understanding of how genetic and environmental factors affect strawberry production via variation in plant interactions with beneficial and pest species, including pollinators, herbivores, and pathogens. This dissertation consists of five chapters. Chapter 1 provides background information on strawberry cultivation. Chapter 2 summarizes a three-year common garden experiment evaluating strawberry performance and functional trait variation among six cultivars grown at the Oakland University Student Organic Farm, a peri-urban farm located in Rochester Hills, MI, USA. Chapter 3 describes a three-year study to characterize pollinator abundance, diversity, and community composition at ten sites located across a rural-urban gradient in Southeast Michigan. Chapter 4 presents research examining how abiotic and biotic environmental factors influence strawberry production across these ten sites over the three-year study period. And, finally, Chapter 5 details a lab-based investigation involving three related experiments that aim to evaluate genotypic variation in post-harvest strawberry rot and the relationship between phytochemicals and pathogen growth. In Chapter 2, I describe annual variation in productivity as well as pathogen and pet damage within June-bearing and day-neutral cultivars. For June-bearing strawberries, Honeoye was the best performing cultivar, with the highest production and lowest damage. For day-neutral strawberries, Tribute produced the greatest fruit yield, but damage levels were comparable to the other cultivars. Overall, day-neutral cultivars were more productive compared with June-bearing, but this difference was due to cultivation methods that allow for an extra production year for day-neutral cultivars. June-bearing production was concentrated to a shorter harvest window, which is a desirable trait for some farmers. In Chapter 2, I discuss how trait trade-offs could influence cultivar selection for different types of strawberry growers. In Chapter 3, I show that urbanization had no effect on overall pollinator abundance, diversity, and community composition across sites and years. However, urbanization differentially influenced certain bee taxa, with some groups showing a negative association and others a positive association with urbanization. In general, sweat bees and small carpenter bees were the most dominant pollinators across sites and years, although honey bees were prominent at a few rural sites in year one. In Chapter 4, I demonstrate that urbanization did not directly affect productivity, although extreme temperatures associated with both cooler rural and warmer urban sites negatively impacted fruit set. Across the rural-urban gradient, strawberry yields were larger when bee visitation was relatively high, but a combination of pest and pathogen damage interfered with pollinator efficacy. Lastly, in Chapter 5, I show that phenotic compounds, namely p-Coumaric acid and quercetin, limited fungal growth during in vitro experimentation. In a follow-up experiment evaluating applications of phenolic compounds to fruit, there was no effect of p-Coumaric acid or an organic copper fungicide on post-harvest fruit rot due to pathogens. Post-harvest fruit rot, however, was suppressed by quercetin applications and significantly varied among cultivars - with Seascape showing the greatest susceptibility to pathogens. These results indicate that polyphenols and genotypic trait variation collectively influenced fruit rot, at least to some extent. All in all, my dissertation research contributes to informing cultivar selection and management strategies for raised-bed strawberry production in addition to a further understanding of context-dependent strawberry crop performance related to genetic and environmental variation.
Download or read book Strawberry written by Amjad M. Husaini and published by CABI. This book was released on 2016-10-17 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods of strawberry cultivation have undergone extensive modification and this book provides an up-to-date, broad and balanced scientific review of current research and emerging challenges. Subjects covered range from plant propagation, architecture, genetic resources, breeding, abiotic stresses and climate change, to evolving diseases and their control. These topics are examined in three sections: 1. Genetics, Breeding and Omics - covering genetic resources, breeding, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and genetic transformation of strawberry. 2. Cultivation Systems and Propagation - discusses plant architecture, replanting problems and plant propagation techniques. 3. Disease and Stress Management - deals with traditional and emerging fungal diseases, their diagnosis and modern biocontrol strategies, and biotechnological interventions for dealing with the challenges of climate change. Strawberry: Growth, Development and Diseases is written by an international team of specialists, using figures and tables to make the subject comprehensible and informative. It is an essential resource for academics and industry workers involved in strawberry research and development, and all those interested in the commercial cultivation of strawberries.
Download or read book The Influence of Environmental Factors on the Development of the Pollen Pistil and Fruit in the Strawberry written by Joseph Edwin Vaile and published by . This book was released on 1933 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Studies on Strawberries written by Nesibe Ebru Kafkas and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2023-01-04 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the following topics related to strawberry production: • Use of horizontal and vertical farming, machine learning and smart systems in strawberry production • Innovative techniques in strawberry production • Soilless farming techniques • Use of nature-friendly techniques to combat climate change, diseases and pests • Breeding and propagation by tissue culture • Responses of strawberries to photoperiod • Harvest and post-harvest processes • Benefits to human health We hope this book will be useful to all producers, breeders, and industrial operators who use strawberry products as raw materials in the food sector, and to researchers and students of horticulture.
Download or read book Strawberries 2nd Edition written by James F. Hancock and published by CABI. This book was released on 2020-09-21 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new and updated edition of a popular text provides a broad, balanced review of the scientific knowledge of strawberries and their cultivation. The worldwide strawberry industry has grown substantially since the original book was published, and methods of culture have undergone extensive modifications. This volume incorporates important changes to the taxonomy of strawberries and new understanding of how its ancestors evolved. It includes coverage of new disease and pest control methods and recent developments in genomic information. These advancements have greatly improved our understanding of how flowering and fruiting is regulated, and will revolutionize the breeding of strawberries.
Download or read book Wilted written by Julie Guthman and published by University of California Press. This book was released on 2019-08-20 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strawberries are big business in California. They are the sixth‐highest‐grossing crop in the state, which produces 88 percent of the nation’s favorite berry. Yet the industry is often criticized for its backbreaking labor conditions and dependence on highly toxic soil fumigants used to control fungal pathogens and other soilborne pests. In Wilted, Julie Guthman tells the story of how the strawberry industry came to rely on soil fumigants, and how that reliance reverberated throughout the rest of the fruit’s production system. The particular conditions of plants, soils, chemicals, climate, and laboring bodies that once made strawberry production so lucrative in the Golden State have now changed and become a set of related threats that jeopardize the future of the industry.
Download or read book The Relative Importance of Various Factors Influencing Profits in Strawberry Production written by Neal Dow Peacock and published by . This book was released on 1939 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Urban Agroecology written by Monika Egerer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-16 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, 20 percent of the global food supply relies on urban agriculture: social-ecological systems shaped by both human and non-human interactions. This book shows how urban agroecologists measure flora and fauna that underpin the ecological dynamics of these systems, and how people manage and benefit from these systems. It explains how the sociopolitical landscape in which these systems are embedded can in turn shape the social, ecological, political, and economic dynamics within them. Synthesizing interdisciplinary approaches in urban agroecology in the natural and social sciences, the book explores methodologies and new directions in research that can be adopted by scholars and practitioners alike. With contributions from researchers utilizing both social and natural science approaches, Urban Agroecology describes the current social-environmental understandings of the science, the movement and the practices in urban agroecology. By investigating the role of agroecology in cities, the book calls for the creation of spaces for food to be sustainably grown in urban spaces: an Urban Agriculture (UA) movement. Essential reading for graduate students, practitioners, policy makers and researchers, this book charts the course for accelerating this movement.
Download or read book Genetics of Strawberry Postharvest Fruit Quality and Resistance to Necrotrophic Fungi written by Stefan Petrasch and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fruit quality, its postharvest maintenance, and shelf life are critical in crop production and for many crops have been altered by breeding, adjustment of cultural practices and storage conditions as well as application of chemicals such as fungicides. Fruit that do not meet quality standards e.g. due to poor appearance and taste, excessive postharvest deterioration, fungal decay, or the presence of spoilage are unmarketable and cause economic losses to producers, shippers, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers. Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) are universally appreciated for their sensory fruit quality attributes but are highly perishable soft fruit with short shelf life. In the last decades, production and marketing requirements for strawberries have shifted towards large scale, centralized production and long-distance shipping and thus requirements for fruit quality have changed towards firm, long shelf life fruit. Breeding has met those demands by developing firm, large fruited, extended shelf life cultivars. Compared to modern cultivars, fruit from older varieties are softer with shorter shelf life but are often perceived as better tasting. The main objective of this dissertation is to increase the understanding of how strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) fruit quality, shelf life, and susceptibility to fungal decay are genetically controlled and how breeding has altered those traits in the last decades. The specific objectives are: 1) Understand how breeding has reshaped fruit quality and shelf life (Chapter 1). Fruit quality is multi-faceted and relevant to sensory consumer satisfaction e.g. through taste, texture, or appearance, but is also relevant to successful marketing and shipping e.g. through appearance and shelf life. Understanding what caused the actual and perceived differences in fruit quality between old and modern cultivars as well as the genetics that underly those traits is important for plant breeders. Additionally, tools need to be developed to efficiently phenotype and select for those traits (marker-trait association or genomic selection). 2) Assess the current knowledge on the strawberry - Botrytis cinerea pathosystem (Chapter 2). Another critical aspect in fruit quality and shelf life is fungal decay. In strawberry, up to 80% of fruit can be lost under unfavorable conditions, both pre-harvest and postharvest. The main fungal spoilage pathogen in strawberry fruit is Botrytis cinerea, an ubiquitous necrotrophic fungus with broad host range and complex infection strategies. Management of this fungus is currently mainly based on fungicides, but innovative approaches such as biological control or fruit treatments with e.g. edible coatings are being tested. Interestingly, unripe fruit are resistant to the fungus and become increasingly susceptible throughout ripening. Additionally, breeding has been hypothesized to have decreased strawberry susceptibility to B. cinerea, possibly due to correlations with fruit quality, e.g. increased fruit firmness, changes of sugar - acid balance, or anthocyanin concentration, but susceptibility differences between modern and old cultivars have never been proven. 3) Characterize the genetic architecture of strawberry susceptibility to B. cinerea (Chapter 3). To understand what factors influence B. cinerea susceptibility in ripe strawberry fruit, large scale studies of diverse germplasm are necessary to investigate the genetic architecture of fungal disease susceptibility as well as correlation of fruit quality with B. cinerea susceptibility. For this purpose, development of high throughput phenotyping protocols and tools for selection (e.g. genomic selection) are critical as they will facilitate both academic studies and commercial breeding. 4) Characterize adaptation necrotrophic fungal infection strategies to different physiological conditions in fruit via fruit ripening stages (Chapter 4). In order to target studies and breeding for improved resistance of fruit to B. cinerea and necrotrophic fungi in general, it is critical to understand infection strategies of necrotrophic fungi. This information will help what tools fungi use to facilitate successful infections and understanding how strategies change throughout fruit ripening will help to understand the effect of fruit quality (e.g. cell wall fortification, sugar - acid ratio) on both the infection outcome and the adaptation of infection strategies of necrotrophic fungi. Results from this dissertation contribute to a better understanding of factors underlying strawberry fruit quality and interaction with fungal pathogens. Many findings can be integrated into breeding for improved strawberry quality or can be used to guide future studies on fruit quality and fruit-pathogen interaction.
Download or read book Compendium of Strawberry Diseases written by J. L. Maas and published by American Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 1998 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use this book to diagnose and treat diseases of strawberries. Completely updated.
Download or read book Bee Diversity Pollination and Fruit Production in Strawberry Agroecosystems written by Gail MacInnis and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The conversion of a natural ecosystem to an agroecosystem characteristically involves a reduction in biodiversity. As agricultural intensification continues, it is vital to understand how biodiversity loss in farmlands affects the ecosystem functions, such as pollination, required to maintain crop production. A diversity of wild bee species inhabit agricultural lands, and high species richness within crop pollinator assemblages has been linked to enhanced crop yields; however, species richness is often confounded with abundance in studies of pollinator communities. In addition, direct comparisons of pollinator performance among individual bee species have been limited by methodological constraints, which make it challenging to predict how yield will be affected by changes in pollinator community composition. The overarching goal of this thesis is to explore the influence of bee species identity and community composition on pollination and production in agroecosystems, and to examine how elements of agricultural landscapes impact bee communities.I first compared the performance of wild bees and honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) as pollinators of strawberry, through the use of a new pollen deposition measurement technique and controlled bee diversity field experiments. I found that honey bees and wild bees deposited the same amount of pollen per visited flower, but wild bee-pollinated strawberries were larger than honey bee-pollinated strawberries. This suggests that wild bees transferred higher quality (outcross) pollen than honey bees. As the distance travelled by pollinators between successive flower visits can affect the quality of pollen transferred among plants, I then examined foraging behaviour as a mechanism driving this effect. I found that wild bees, especially those in the genus Lasioglossum, foraged more erratically, provided more cross-pollination, and produced larger fruit than honey bees for certain strawberry varieties and field designs. Although wild bees show promise as strawberry pollinators, conventional cultivation methods may limit wild bee abundance on strawberry farms. The ground within most commercial strawberry fields is covered with straw, and increasingly with plastic mulch. This reduces habitat for ground-nesting bees within the crop, so most wild pollinators need to enter the crop from beyond field margins. To examine the influence of field-margin type (forest or hedgerow) on bee community composition and pollinator export to strawberry crops, I conducted bee diversity surveys on 12 farms, from crop edge to crop centre. I found that wild bee species richness and abundance did not differ between field-margin types. Small wild bee abundance declined significantly from the crop margin to crop centre but pollen deposition did not, which suggests that large-bodied and managed bees were providing the majority of pollination. Although my previous work indicates that small wild bees are more effective pollinators of strawberry on a per-visit basis, their limited foraging ranges suggest they may only pollinate marginal areas, given typical field sizes in our region.My overall findings showed that honey bee pollination results in lower strawberry yields than wild bee pollination. Management efforts aimed at the maintenance or enhancement of wild pollinator populations may be a cost-effective way to increase both crop yield and biodiversity on strawberry farms. However, species richness did not affect pollination for the strawberries studied here, which highlights that the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services are not always equivalent"--
Download or read book The Influence of Some Environmental Factors on the Initiation of Flowers and Runners in the Strawberry Plant written by Chester Gordon Guttridge and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Temperate Fruit Crop Breeding written by Jim F. Hancock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-21 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book fully integrates the conventional and biotechnological approaches to fruit crop breeding. Individual chapters are written on a wide variety of species covering all the major fruit crops in one volume. For each crop, there is a discussion of their taxonomy and evolution, history of improvement, crossing techniques, evaluation methods, and heritability of major traits and germplasm resources. Also discussed are the most recent advances in genetic mapping and QTL (quantitative trait loci) analysis, marker assisted breeding, gene cloning, gene expression analysis, regeneration and transformation. Patenting and licensing issues are also covered.
Download or read book Pollination Biology written by Dharam P. Abrol and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has a wider approach not strictly focused on crop production compared to other books that are strictly oriented towards bees, but has a generalist approach to pollination biology. It also highlights relationships between introduced and wild pollinators and consequences of such introductions on communities of wild pollinating insects. The chapters on biochemical basis of plant-pollination interaction, pollination energetics, climate change and pollinators and pollinators as bioindicators of ecosystem functioning provide a base for future insights into pollination biology. The role of honeybees and wild bees on crop pollination, value of bee pollination, planned honeybee pollination, non-bee pollinators, safety of pollinators, pollination in cages, pollination for hybrid seed production, the problem of diseases, genetically modified plants and bees, the role of bees in improving food security and livelihoods, capacity building and awareness for pollinators are also discussed.
Download or read book The Strawberry written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetics and Genomics of Rosaceae written by Kevin M. Folta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-28 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book on Rosaceae genomics. It covers progress in recent genomic research among the Rosaceae, grounding this firmly in the historical context of genetic studies and in the application of genomics technologies for crop development.
