Download or read book Genetic Analysis of the Population Structure of the Giant Pacific Octopus Enteroctopus Dofleini in South Central and Unalaska Bay Alaska written by Rebecca K. Toussaint and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We isolated and developed 18 novel microsatellite markers for the giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) and examined them for 31 individuals from Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska. These loci displayed moderate levels of allelic diversity (averaging 11 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity (averaging 65%). Seven loci deviated from hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) due to heterozygote deficiency for the PWS population, although deviations were not observed for all these loci in other populations, suggesting the PWS population is not in mutation-drift equilibrium. These novel microsatellite loci yielded sufficient genetic diversity for potential use in population genetics, individual identification, and parentage studies.
Download or read book Assessment of the Octopus Stock Complex in the Gulf of Alaska written by Olav Aleksander Ormseth and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At least seven species of octopus are found in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). For management purposes, all octopus species are grouped into a single assemblage. Neither the relative abundances of the various species or the species composition of the commercial catch are well documented, but research indicates that the giant Pacific octopus Enteroctopus dofleini is the most abundant octopus species in shelf waters and makes up the bulk of octopus catches in commercial fisheries. Octopuses are taken as incidental catch in trawl, longline, and pot fisheries throughout the GOA; a portion of the catch is retained or sold for human consumption or bait. The highest octopus catch rates are from Pacific cod pot fisheries in the central and western GOA (NMFS statistical areas 610 and 630). Through 2010, octopuses were managed as part of the "other species" complex, with catch reported only in the aggregate along with sharks, squids, and sculpins. In 2011, the GOA Fishery Management Plan was amended to provide separate management for sharks, sculpins, squids, and octopuses. In compliance with the reauthorized Magnuson-Stevens Act, each complex has its own annual catch limit. Harvest recommendations for the octopus complex are made using a modified Tier 6 approach, where the overfishing level (OFL) is calculated by multiplying the best available estimate of octopus biomass by the best estimate of natural mortality for E. dofleini. Catch limits for octopus for 2011-2014 were set using the average biomass from the last 3 surveys. Beginning in 2015, a random-effects (RE) model is used to provide a minimum biomass estimate.
Download or read book Genetic Population Structure of Alaska Eulachon written by Blair Gerald Flannery and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spatio temporal Genetic Structure Effective Population Size and Parentage Simulations from Contemporary Genetic Samples and Historic Demographic Data of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus Nerka in Auke Lake Alaska written by Patrick D. Barry and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) have great ecological, economic, and cultural importance. Accordingly, understanding the genetic diversity of Pacific salmon populations is critical for their effective management and conservation. Spatial and temporal homing fidelity, a central life-history characteristic of Pacific salmon, generates genetic structure through reproductive isolation. Within and among populations, heterogeneity in the freshwater environment should lead to selection for traits that maximize fitness resulting in local adaptation. This adaptation increases productivity of individual populations while diversity among populations can promote long-term stability. Additionally, the demographic properties (age structure, generation length, size) of a population will affect genetic structure by regulating its response to the evolutionary forces of selection, migration, and genetic drift. The scale and extent to which reproductive isolation can produce genetic structure is incompletely understood. In this dissertation, I investigated spatial and temporal trends in population genetic structure and estimated the effective population size (Ne) of Sockeye Salmon from Auke Lake in Southeast Alaska from contemporary genetic samples (2008, 2009, 2011) and historic demographic data (1980–2017). A simulation library in the R statistical environment was developed to assess the accuracy of parentage and sibship inference from genetic markers. This library proved useful in evaluating the sibship method for estimating Ne from genetic data and evaluating genetic markers for a large-scale parentage project. I detected substantial genetic differentiation between Auke Lake and other Southeast Alaska populations (average FST = 0.1137) and an isolation-by-time pattern within the Auke Lake population. A genetically distinct cluster was identified in the late portion of the 2008 return. This group may represent a spatially segregated spawning aggregation previously described in tagging studies; however, because fish were sampled as they passed through the weir, spatial structure within Auke Lake could not be evaluated. Genetic tests for demographic change within the population indicated that the Auke Lake Sockeye Salmon population underwent a historical bottleneck event but has since increased in size. Demographic estimates of Ne from a long-term dataset from the Auke Creek weir revealed that the effective population size was low in the early 1980s and has since increased. Over the six generations evaluated, the major demographic factors that determined Ne were variance in family size, variable contribution to the next generation by brood years within a generation, and fluctuations in population size. Contemporary estimates of Ne from genetic methods were smaller than those from demographic methods and indicated that Ne may be roughly the size of an individual return year. Genetic estimates of the ratio of the effective population size to the census size (Ne/Nc = 0.21) were consistent with values previously reported for other salmonids. Collectively, these chapters contribute to an improved understanding of Sockeye Salmon population genetics and provide a useful tool to assess the power of genetic markers for parentage and sibship inference.
Download or read book Evaluating Climate Change Impacts written by Vyacheslav Lyubchich and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluating Climate Change Impacts discusses assessing and quantifying climate change and its impacts from a multi-faceted perspective of ecosystem, social, and infrastructure resilience, given through a lens of statistics and data science. It provides a multi-disciplinary view on the implications of climate variability and shows how the new data science paradigm can help us to mitigate climate-induced risk and to enhance climate adaptation strategies. This book consists of chapters solicited from leading topical experts and presents their perspectives on climate change effects in two general areas: natural ecosystems and socio-economic impacts. The chapters unveil topics of atmospheric circulation, climate modeling, and long-term prediction; approach the problems of increasing frequency of extreme events, sea level rise, and forest fires, as well as economic losses, analysis of climate impacts for insurance, agriculture, fisheries, and electric and transport infrastructures. The reader will be exposed to the current research using a variety of methods from physical modeling, statistics, and machine learning, including the global circulation models (GCM) and ocean models, statistical generalized additive models (GAM) and generalized linear models (GLM), state space and graphical models, causality networks, Bayesian ensembles, a variety of index methods and statistical tests, and machine learning methods. The reader will learn about data from various sources, including GCM and ocean model outputs, satellite observations, and data collected by different agencies and research units. Many of the chapters provide references to open source software R and Python code that are available for implementing the methods.
Download or read book Registry of World Record Size Shells written by Kim C. Hutsell and published by . This book was released on 1999-06-01 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Salmon Without Rivers written by Jim Lichatowich and published by . This book was released on 1999-08 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Fundamentally, the salmon's decline has been the consequence of a vision based on flawed assumptions and unchallenged myths.... We assumed we could control the biological productivity of salmon and 'improve' upon natural processes that we didn't even try to understand. We assumed we could have salmon without rivers." --from the introduction From a mountain top where an eagle carries a salmon carcass to feed its young to the distant oceanic waters of the California current and the Alaskan Gyre, salmon have penetrated the Northwest to an extent unmatched by any other animal. Since the turn of the twentieth century, the natural productivity of salmon in Oregon, Washington, California, and Idaho has declined by eighty percent. The decline of Pacific salmon to the brink of extinction is a clear sign of serious problems in the region. In Salmon Without Rivers, fisheries biologist Jim Lichatowich offers an eye-opening look at the roots and evolution of the salmon crisis in the Pacific Northwest. He describes the multitude of factors over the past century and a half that have led to the salmon's decline, and examines in depth the abject failure of restoration efforts that have focused almost exclusively on hatcheries to return salmon stocks to healthy levels without addressing the underlying causes of the decline. The book: describes the evolutionary history of the salmon along with the geologic history of the Pacific Northwest over the past 40 million years considers the indigenous cultures of the region, and the emergence of salmon-based economies that survived for thousands of years examines the rapid transformation of the region following the arrival of Europeans presents the history of efforts to protect and restore the salmon offers a critical assessment of why restoration efforts have failed Throughout, Lichatowich argues that the dominant worldview of our society -- a worldview that denies connections between humans and the natural world -- has created the conflict and controversy that characterize the recent history of salmon; unless that worldview is challenged and changed, there is little hope for recovery. Salmon Without Rivers exposes the myths that have guided recent human-salmon interactions. It clearly explains the difficult choices facing the citizens of the region, and provides unique insight into one of the most tragic chapters in our nation's environmental history.
Download or read book Antarctic Peninsula Region of the Southern Ocean written by Eugene G. Morozov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is based on results from the Russian expedition in the region of the Antarctic Peninsula and Powell Basin in the northern part of the Weddell Sea, as well as on the review of earlier research in the region. The main goal of the research was to collect the newest data and study the physical properties and ecology of this key region of the Southern Ocean. Data analysis is supplemented with numerical modeling of the atmosphere-ocean interaction and circulation in the adjacent region, including research on rogue waves. The focus of the study was the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, currents and water properties in the Bransfield Strait and Antarctic Sound, properties of seawater, currents, ecosystem and biological communities in the Powell Basin of the northwestern Weddell Sea, and their variations. An attempt is made to reveal the role of various components of the Antarctic environment in the formation of biological productivity and maintenance of the Antarctic krill population. This is especially important as in the last decades the Antarctic environment has experienced significant changes related to the global climatic trends.
Download or read book A Long Trek Home written by Erin McKittrick and published by The Mountaineers Books. This book was released on 2009-10-06 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CLICK HERE to download the first chapter from A Long Treak Home * Compelling adventure with an environmental focus * An informative natural and cultural history of one of our last wild coastlines * Author is a pioneer in "packrafting," an emerging trend in backcountry travel In June 2007, Erin McKittrick and her husband, Hig, embarked on a 4,000-mile expedition from Seattle to the Aleutian Islands, traveling solely by human power. This is the story of their unprecedented trek along the northwestern edge of the Pacific Ocean-a year-long journey through some of the most rugged terrain in the world- and their encounters with rain, wind, blizzards, bears, and their own emotional and spiritual demons. Erin and Hig set out from Seattle with a desire to raise awareness of natural resource and conservation issues along their route: clear-cut logging of rainforests; declining wild salmon populations; extraction of mineral resources; and effects of global climate change. By taking each mile step by step, they were able to intimately explore the coastal regions of Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska, see the wilderness in its larger context, and provide a unique on-the-ground perspective. An entertaining and, at times, thrilling adventure, theirs is a journey of discovery and of insights about the tiny communities that dot this wild coast, as well as the individuals there whom they meet and inspire.
Download or read book Steller Sea Lion Research written by I. L. Boyd and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Salmon People and Place written by Jim Lichatowich and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year wild Pacific salmon leave their oceanic feeding grounds and swim hundreds of miles back to their home rivers. The salmon's annual return is a place-defining event in the Pacific Northwest, with immense ecological, economic, and social significance. However, despite massive spending, efforts to significantly alter the endangered status of salmon have failed. In Salmon, People, and Place, acclaimed fisheries biologist Jim Lichatowich eloquently exposes the misconceptions underlying salmon management and recovery programs that have fueled the catastrophic decline in Northwest salmon populations for more than a century. These programs will continue to fail, he suggests, so long as they regard salmon as products and ignore their essential relationship with their habitat. But Lichatowich offers hope. In Salmon, People, and Place he presents a concrete plan for salmon recovery, one based on the myriad lessons learned from past mistakes. What is needed to successfully restore salmon, Lichatowich states, is an acute commitment to healing the relationships among salmon, people, and place. A significant contribution to the literature on Pacific salmon, Salmon, People, and Place: A Biologist's Search for Salmon Recovery is an essential read for anyone concerned about the fate of this Pacific Northwest icon.
Download or read book The Bering Sea Ecosystem written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-05-08 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bering Sea, which lies between the United States and Russia, is one of the most productive ecosystems in the world and has prolific fishing grounds. Yet there have been significant unexplained population fluctuations in marine mammals and birds in the region. The book examines the Bering Sea ecosystem's dynamics and the relationship between man and the ecosystem, in order to identify potential reasons for the population fluctuations as well as identify ways the Sea's living resources can be better managed by government.
Download or read book Small Feet Big Land written by Erin McKittrick and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book follows the challenging expeditions and intimate daily life of adventure trekker Erin McKittrick and her husband, Hig, as they set out to explore the vast and remote corners of Alaska with their two young children in tow.
Download or read book Alaska Native Education written by Ray Barnhardt and published by Alaska Native Knowledge Network. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past century, the outside world has increasingly encroached on Alaska Native communities, and one of the consequences of that change has been a shift in the purpose and structure of schools in Alaska Native communities. Alaska Native Education brings together a variety of experts in the field of indigenous education to show the ways in which Alaska Natives have adopted and adapted outside ideas and rules regarding education and how they have frequently found them problematic and insufficient. The authors follow their analysis with suggestions of ways forward, emphasizing the benefits of blending new and old practices that will simultaneously prepare Alaska Native students for the future while preserving and strengthening their ties to the past."
Download or read book The Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands written by Terry Lee Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This richly illustrated book unveils the mystery and wonder of the vast Bering Sea region, from the shores of Alaska, along the volcanic stretch of the Aleutian Islands, to the Russian coast, Author Terry Johnson tells how the biological and physical worlds above and below the sea meld to form a complex and rich natural environment. The book also covers history, from early Russian exploration and exploitation, through the U.S. purchase of Alaska, the international struggles of World War II and the Cold War, to present-day efforts to manage the abundant natural resources. To see photos from this book, visit www.uaf.edu/seagrant/bookstore/beringsea.
Download or read book Field Guide to Common Marine Fishes and Invertebrates of Alaska written by Susan C. Byersdorfer and published by University of Alaska Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully illustrated book is a comprehensive field guide to more than four hundred marine species found in Alaska waters. Its primary geographic range is the Bering Sea, central Aleutian Islands, and the western and central Gulf of Alaska, but it also includes waters north of Norton Sound and those of southeastern Alaska. Designed for use in the field as its waterproof binding and paper attest it will be indispensable for fishermen, teachers, and conservation officials."
Download or read book Field Guide to Seaweeds of Alaska written by Mandy R. Lindeberg and published by Alaska Sea Grant College Program. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first and only Alaska seaweed field guide, this book is essential for beachcombers, naturalists, teachers, students, scientists, coastal monitors, and others in need of a quick, accurate identification of seaweeds in Alaska. More than one hundred of the most common seaweed species in Alaska's waters, as well as seagrasses and marine lichens, are fully described and illustrated with color photos on water-resistant paper.
