Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Lesion Formation in Pseudomonas Syringae written by Jessica Julia Rich and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pseudomonas syringae and related pathogens written by Nicola Sante Iacobellis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume mainly reports on new and recent advancements on different aspects of Pseudomonas syringae, a plant pathogenic bacterial species that include a high number of pathogens of important crops, which is an interesting model organism in plant pathology. In addition some related fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., responsible of new and emerging diseases, as well as some pathogens previously included in the above genus and now classified in the genera Ralstonia, Acidovorax are also considered. The tremendous recent advancements on: the ecology and epidemiology and, in particular, the adaptation of P. syringae to stresses and adverse environmental conditions; the function and regulation of genes involved in the production of phytotoxins and on their mechanism of action in the interaction with the host cells; the structure, function and regulation of type three secretion system (TTSS) and the transport of the effectors proteins in the host cells; the possibility to control diseases through the induction of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR); the development of molecular techniques for the highly specific and sensible identification and detection of pathogens; the determination of the causal agents of new and emerging diseases as well the classification of the different pathovars of P. syringae; are reported in 76 chapters cured by leading scientist in the respective fields.

Download or read book The Contributions of Motility to the Behavior of Pseudomonas Syringae written by Juliana Cho and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motility is considered to be a beneficial trait for microbes, as it solves many of the challenges these microorganisms face in their habitats, allowing them to find hosts, explore local environments, access protected niches and needed nutrients, and disperse to new locations. The quantitative relationship between motility and virulence, particularly of plant-associated microorganisms, remains unclear. This study has dissected the quantitative contributions of these factors in the behavior of the plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae within plant tissues as well as on leaf surfaces, where it commonly occurs as an epiphytic resident of leaves. P. syringae is the only known plant pathogen with pili from the widespread chaperone-usher fimbrial family as well as all subfamilies of type IV pili. These families of pili are important factors in bacterial virulence, and implicated in adhesion, invasion, and biofilm formation in mammalian systems. However, the role of pili are less well characterized in plant pathogens. As such, P. syringae is a useful model system for studying these processes in plant colonization. The availability of reproducible, quantitative variation in nearly isogenic P. syringae strains, coupled with readily generated mutants altered in expression of adhesive pili, made P. syringae an obvious choice for investigating the relative contributions of adhesive factors and motility to the behavior of plant pathogens. Nine nearly isogenic isolates of P. syringae pv. syringae strain B728a exhibited stable and reproducibly different swimming and swarming motility in culture. Swimming and swarming motility were positively correlated among the variants, suggesting that similar traits contributed to both processes. A greater rate of motility of variants was associated with their incitation of a higher incidence of lesion formation on bean leaves after topical application of bacteria. The size of lesions formed by variants after direct injection into bean pods, thus bypassing the need for invasion, was also positively correlated with both the relative rate of motility in culture and their ability to incite leaf lesions. The differences in motility among the variant strains was not associated with any difference in biosurfactant production, although mutants blocked in syringafactin production exhibited a deficiency in ability to move within the apoplast of bean pods. Re-sequencing of the variant strains using high-throughput (Illumina) sequencing followed by genomic analyses revealed five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two short simple repeat regions (SSRs) differing among the nine P. syringae variant strains. None of the SNPs or SSRs were associated with genes known to be directly involved in flagellar or fimbrial biogenesis and regulation. Site-directed knockout mutants in those loci altered in variant strains recapitulated the reduced swarming motility exhibited by a given strain. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the collection of strains based on variation in genome features was in agreement with historical relationships of the strains. Additional analyses of two P. syringae variant strains that were selected as having either higher or lower swarming motility than their parental strains revealed additional genetic elements involved with modulating swarming motility. A mutation leading to early truncation of ispA, encoding a protein involved in cell septation, was associated with the variant exhibiting reduced motility and thus reduced virulence to bean. While no genetic reason could be identified in the selected variant that exhibited enhanced motility, the fact that it exhibited traits specifically beneficial to motility in culture may explain why it was less virulent than expected based on its high degree of motility in vitro. Further investigation of factors affecting motility were explored through bioinformatic analyses of putative fimbrial biogenesis pathways. Five putative fimbrial types were identified which had structural similarities to either chaperone-usher (CU) fimbriae, type IVa fimbriae, type IVb fimbriae, or the type IVb monophyletic sub-family known as Flp fimbriae. Additional analyses of strains deficient in the production of the major structural pilin of type IVa fimbriae (PilA), CU fimbriae (FimA), and Flp fimbriae (Flp) revealed that twitching motility was not a major contributor to P. syringae motility. However, flp mutants and to a lesser extent fimA mutants exhibited higher swimming and swarming motility, suggesting that adhesive features of these fimbriae suppressed motility. Consistent with such a role, over-expression of Flp pilin resulted in a significant suppression in motility of the wild-type P. syringae strain. Co-inoculation of wild-type and fimbrial mutants onto leaf surfaces revealed that Flp fimbriae are involved in surface attachment, as the flp mutant exhibited a decreased attachment to bean leaves when compared with the wild-type strain. Attachment by Flp fimbriae appears to be an early step in the colonization process, as the reduced attachment of the flp mutant was much less pronounced after a longer incubation period. fimA and pilA mutants exhibited similar abilities to attach to leaf surfaces as the wild-type strain. Topical application of cell suspensions of pilA mutants onto bean leaves resulted in the formation of fewer lesions than conferred by the wild-type strain. When simulated rain was applied to leaves after inoculation, both the pilA and fimA mutant incited as much as 2-fold fewer lesions than the wild-type strain, suggesting that they adhered less tenaciously and thus were retained less well after the rain event. fimA and flp mutants but not a pilA mutant formed larger lesions than the wild-type strain when directly inoculated into plant tissue, suggesting that their decreased adhesiveness contributed to their ability to move within the plant after inoculation. Taken together, Flp and CU fimbriae appear to have significant roles in adhesion that affect their motility in planta, and type IVa fimbriae appear to be important in inciting disease on bean, presumably by aiding local movement to sites suitable for invasion of the leaf.

Download or read book Hormone Metabolism and Signaling in Plants written by Jiayang Li and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-04-19 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis and Mechanisms of Action is based on research funded by the Chinese government’s National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). This book brings a fresh understanding of hormone biology, particularly molecular mechanisms driving plant hormone actions. With growing understanding of hormone biology comes new outlooks on how mankind values and utilizes the built-in potential of plants for improvement of crops in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner. This book is a comprehensive description of all major plant hormones: how they are synthesized and catabolized; how they are perceived by plant cells; how they trigger signal transduction; how they regulate gene expression; how they regulate plant growth, development and defense responses; and how we measure plant hormones. This is an exciting time for researchers interested in plant hormones. Plants rely on a diverse set of small molecule hormones to regulate every aspect of their biological processes including development, growth, and adaptation. Since the discovery of the first plant hormone auxin, hormones have always been the frontiers of plant biology. Although the physiological functions of most plant hormones have been studied for decades, the last 15 to 20 years have seen a dramatic progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hormone actions. The publication of the whole genome sequences of the model systems of Arabidopsis and rice, together with the advent of multidisciplinary approaches has opened the door to successful experimentation on plant hormone actions. Offers a comprehensive description of all major plant hormones including the recently discovered strigolactones and several peptide hormones Contains a chapter describing how plant hormones regulate stem cells Offers a fresh understanding of hormone biology, particularly molecular mechanisms driving plant hormone actions Discusses the built-in potential of plants for improvement of crops in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner

Download or read book Purification and Characterization of Secondary Metabolites written by Thomas E. Crowley and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-08-10 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purification and Characterization of Secondary Metabolites: A Laboratory Manual for Analytical and Structural Biochemistry provides students with working knowledge of the fundamental and advanced techniques of experimental biochemistry. Sections provide an overview of the microbiological and biochemical methods typically used for the purification of metabolites and discuss the biological significance of secondary metabolites secreted by three diverse species of bacteria. Additionally, this lab manual covers the theory and practice of the most commonly-used techniques of analytical biochemistry, UV-vis and IR spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance, and how to evaluate and effectively use scientific data. Instructors will find this book useful because of the modular nature of the lab exercises included. Written in a logical, easy-to-understand manner, this book is an indispensable resource for both students and instructors. Offers project lab formats for students that closely simulate original research projects Provides instructional guidance for students to design their own experiments Presents advanced analytical techniques Includes access to a website with additional resources for instructors

Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Virulence written by C.I. Kado and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing body of information on bacteria pathogenic for humans, mammals and plants generated within the past ten years has shown the interesting conservation of newly identified genes that playa direct role in the pathogenic mechanism. In addition to these genes, there are also genes that confer host specificities and other traits important in pathogenesis on these pathogens. In this volume, we have organized the subject areas to best fit the concept on the way bacterial pathogens recognize, interact and invade the host, on the regulation of genes involved in virulence, on the genes involved in the elaboration of toxins and other pathogenic components such as iron sequestering proteins, and on the mechanisms of circumventing the host defense systems. These areas are divided into Sections. Section I covers the first step when the pathogen seeks its host, and Sections II through VI cover subsequent steps leading to pathogenesis while avoiding host defenses. We conclude this work with a chapter summarizing information on examples of virulence mechanisms that are highly conserved.

Download or read book Comprehensive and Molecular Phytopathology written by Yuri Dyakov and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-01-09 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a collection of information on successive steps of molecular ‘dialogue’ between plants and pathogens. It additionally presents data that reflects intrinsic logic of plant-parasite interactions. New findings discussed include: host and non-host resistance, specific and nonspecific elicitors, elicitors and suppressors, and plant and animal immunity. This book enables the reader to understand how to promote or prevent disease development, and allows them to systematize their own ideas of plant-pathogen interactions. * Offers a more extensive scope of the problem as compared to other books in the market* Presents data to allow consideration of host-parasite relationships in dynamics and reveals interrelations between pathogenicity and resistance factors* Discusses beneficial plant-microbe interactions and practical aspects of molecular investigations of plant-parasite relationships* Compares historical study of common and specific features of plant immunity with animal immunity

Download or read book Virulence and Gene Regulation written by Juan-Luis Ramos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pseudomonas comprises three volumes covering the biology of pseudomonads in a wide context, including the niches they inhabit, the taxonomic relations among members of this group, the molecular biology of gene expression in different niches and under different environmental conditions, the analysis of virulence traits in plants, animals and human pathogens as well as the determinants that make some strains useful for biotechnological applications and promotion of plant growth. There has been growing interest in pseudomonads and a particular urge to understand the biology underlying the complex metabolism of these ubiquitous microbes. These bacteria are capable of colonizing a wide range of niches, including the soil, the plant rhizosphere and phylosphere, and animal tissues; more recently they have attracted attention because of their capacity to form biofilms, a characteristic with potentially important medical and environmental implications. The three volumes cover the following topics: - Taxonomy, - Genomics, - Life styles, - Cell Architecture, - Virulence, - Regulation, - Macromolecules, - Alternative Respiratory Substrates, - Catabolism and Biotransformations. Pseudomonas will be of use to all researchers working on these bacteria, particularly those studying microbiology, plant crops, pathogenesis, and chemical engineering. Advanced students in biology, medicine and agronomy will also find these three volumes a valuable reference during their studies.

Download or read book Genomic and Genetic Analysis of Plant Parasitism and Defense written by Shinji Tsuyumu and published by American Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 2005 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizing the 9th Japan-U.S. seminar on plant-pathogen interactions this book presents cutting-edge research on the application of genomics to the investigation of plant-microbe interactions. Genomic and Genetic Analysis of Plant Parasitism and Defense features papers containing original research on the use of genomics and genome-associated technologies in a variety of pathosystems to explore topics such as mechanisms of pathogen compatibility and incompatibility, host-pathogen signaling and mechanisms of plant disease resistance. Focus is placed on genome-wide analyses and the use of large-scale, high throughput genomic tools in combination with classic genetic tools and resources to decipher the molecular basis of plant?microbe interactions.The wide range of pathogens covered as well as examples of exciting new technologies are sure to be of interest to Plant Pathologists, Microbiologists, Agronomists, Plant Biologists, or anyone interested in plant-microbe interactions.

Download or read book Effectors in Plant Microbe Interactions written by Francis Martin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-03 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants and microbes interact in a complex relationship that can have both harmful and beneficial impacts on both plant and microbial communities. Effectors, secreted microbial molecules that alter plant processes and facilitate colonization, are central to understanding the complicated interplay between plants and microbes. Effectors in Plant-Microbe Interactions unlocks the molecular basis of this important class of microbial molecules and describes their diverse and complex interactions with host plants. Effectors in Plant Microbe Interactions is divided into five sections that take stock of the current knowledge on effectors of plant-associated organisms. Coverage ranges from the impact of bacterial, fungal and oomycete effectors on plant immunity and high-throughput genomic analysis of effectors to the function and trafficking of these microbial molecules. The final section looks at effectors secreted by other eukaryotic microbes that are the focus of current and future research efforts. Written by leading international experts in plant-microbe interactions, Effectors in Plant Microbe Interactions, will be an essential volume for plant biologists, microbiologists, pathologists, and geneticists.

Download or read book Induced Responses to Herbivory written by Richard Karban and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants face a daunting array of creatures that eat them, bore into them, and otherwise use virtually every plant part for food, shelter, or both. But although plants cannot flee from their attackers, they are far from defenseless. In addition to adaptations like thorns, which may be produced in response to attack, plants actively alter their chemistry and physiology in response to damage. For instance, young potato plant leaves being eaten by potato beetles respond by producing chemicals that inhibit beetle digestive enzymes. Over the past fifteen years, research on these induced responses to herbivory has flourished, and here Richard Karban and Ian T. Baldwin present the first comprehensive evaluation and synthesis of this rapidly developing field. They provide state-of-the-discipline reviews and highlight areas where new research will be most productive. Their comprehensive overview will be welcomed by a wide variety of theoretical and applied researchers in ecology, evolutionary biology, plant biology, entomology, and agriculture.

Download or read book Prokaryotes written by Bozzano G Luisa and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forms part of the three-volume set, Pathogenesis & Host Specificity in Plant Diseases, and deals with pathogenesis and host specificity in plant pathogenic prokaryotes. Pathogenesis & Host Specificity in Plant Diseases as a whole is the first complete publication covering the mechanism of host specificity and pathogenesis in plant diseases, bringing together all knowledge about plant pathology into one fully comprehensive source. The main aim of the work is to compile, critically analyze and correlate the information available on all aspects of pathogenesis and host specificity in important plant-pathogen systems representing different types of parasitism and symbiotic, mutualistic and antagonistic associations. Over 100 authors have contributed state-of-the-art chapters, all of whom are internationally recognised as leading experts in their fields. Subject matter is clear and readable throughout and is supported by clear diagrams, tables and photographs. Each individual volume is available separately or in a three-volume set.

Download or read book Biotechnology And Plant Protection Bacterial Pathogenesis And Disease Resistance Proceedings Of The Fourth International Symposium written by Donald D Bills and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1994-07-27 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An important aspect of successful agriculture is the control of plant diseases that reduce productivity, quality, and profitability. Application of exogenous chemicals and development of endogenous resistance are two general approaches to controlling plant diseases. As the former falls under continued attack and regulation, the latter fortunately becomes more achievable through biotechnology. Biotechnology and Plant Protection: Bacterial Pathogenesis and Disease Resistance explores the application of biotechnology to understanding bacterial pathogenesis and the nature of plant resistance to bacterial disease. More important, the information presented in this volume foreshadows the development of plants with increased native resistance to bacterial disease. Classical plant breeding has made great progress in developing resistant plants through largely empirical approaches, but a direct understanding of the genetic aspects of pathogenesis and resistance will accelerate the process.

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Molecular Recognition Mechanisms written by Michel Delaage and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 1991 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pseudomonas Syringae Pathovars and Related Pathogens written by K. Rudolph and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-06-30 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decade, research on Pseudomonas syringae pathovars and related pathogens has progressed rapidly, opening up many new avenues. The application of molecular genetics has provided new insights into determinants of pathogenicity and virulence. Progress has also been made in elucidating the chemical structures and modes of action of phytotoxins from Pseudomonas syringae; by establishing novel strategies for disease control; in biotechnological applications; by studying the resistant reaction of the plant with a combined biochemical and genetic approach; and in the development of new detection and identification methodologies as tools in epidemiological studies. With such rapid advances it becomes more and more difficult to keep abreast of the developments and concepts within disciplines, all involving research on pathovars of P. syringae. In an attempt to provide a balanced overview, recent developments in these rapidly expanding fields have been critically reviewed at the beginning of each chapter by internationally renowned experts. Our comprehensive coverage has been made possible because all the contributors to this volume presented their latest findings at the `5th International Conference on Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars and Related Pathogens' in Berlin, September 3-8, 1995. In this way, it was possible to bring together contributions from a wide range of fields including phytopathology, genetics, bacteriology, plant breeding, plant protection, and taxonomy. This book is not intended simply as a record of the proceedings of the Berlin Conference, but as an extension of recent findings and hypotheses put forward at the meeting. All papers published in this volume have been reviewed by the Editors.

Download or read book Methods for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases ofPlants written by R. A. Lelliott and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1991-01-15 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive description of methods for the diagnosis of bacterial diseases of plants, especially those of economic importance throughout the world, and the identification of the bacteria that cause them. The methods are those used by the Agricultural Development and Advisory Service of MAFF and by the National Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, and have been successfully proved over many years. The authors include descriptions of diseases of the causal bacteria, indicating key diagnostic and identification features known to be of value for accurate diagnosis. The methods are intended for use by microbiologists and plant pathologists anywhere in the world