Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Blood Components in an Isolated Population of White tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus written by Bonnie Lee Lamvermeyer and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wildlife Abstracts written by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wildlife Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Molecular Genetic Analysis of Hybridization Between Two Species of Deer Odocoileus in Western Canada written by Glenys Anne Hughes and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybridization between two species of deer (Odocoileus) in western Canada has been postulated for many years. Mitochondrial and nuclear components of the genomes of deer from this and other regions in North America were analyzed to test whether these deer constitute reproductively isolated species or whether interspecies genetic exchange has occurred by hybridization. -- The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a 359 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from 81 white-tailed deer (O. virginianus), mule deer (O. hemionus hemionus), and Sitka black-tailed deer (O. hemionus sitkensis). Direct DNA sequencing of a 302 base pair block of the PCR-amplified products revealed 34 variable nucleotide positions. These variants define 13 distinct mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence genotypes. Twelve of these are confined to one or the other species: five genotypes were found only in white-tailed deer and seven only in mule deer or black-tailed deer. In only one instance is a genotype shared between species: a single deer that had been identified as a mule deer possessed a white-tailed deer-type mtDNA. -- Allelic variants at the albumin locus also distinguish the two species. Of 53 animals sampled from British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, 25 white-tailed deer and 27 mule deer were homozygous for slow and fast albumin alleles, respectively. Only one animal showed the heterozygote albumin pattern characteristic of hybrid deer. This individual is the same mule deer that possessed an mtDNA genotype found otherwise only in white-tailed deer. -- These data suggest there is little genetic introgression between mule deer and white-tailed deer in western Canada. Similar findings have been reported for Odocoileus in Montana, but high levels of hybridization have been documented between the same species in west Texas. Habitat disturbance and mating behaviour are factors that may affect the frequency and direction of hybridization in different localities. -- Phenetic and cladistic analyses of sequence differences among white-tailed deer, mule deer, and black-tailed deer reveal a discordance between mtDNA genotype and species affinity. Interspecies hybridization, random phylogenetic sorting of mtDNA lineages, and differential rate of mtDNA evolution are considered as hypotheses to explain the relationships among mtDNA genotypes of these species.
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Genetic Structure of White Tailed Deer to Evaluate the Potential Epizootiology of Chronic Wasting Disease in an Area of Recent Emergence written by William Leroy Miller and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildlife diseases are important stressors of natural populations and commonly impact species of management and conservation interest. Because of this, mitigating the negative effects of these diseases is a common goal of many management strategies. One of the key goals in areas of recent disease emergence is to minimize the geographic diffusion of diseases across landscapes so that nave populations remain minimally impacted. Prospective tools for predicting disease flow are particularly helpful in the initial stages of the epizootic cycle. Evaluating patterns of population structure, susceptibility, and connectivity can provide important insights into the potential spread of diseases across landscapes. Landscape genetic analyses, in particular, have proven particularly useful in elucidating these population characteristics. Chronic wasting disease, a fatal neurodegenerative disease of members of the family Cervidae, is a disease of particular concern due to the ecological and economic importance of infected species. Chronic wasting disease is caused by an infectious prion protein that can be passed by contact among individuals and/or through the use of shared environments. Contact among nave and infected individuals is thought to play an important role in the geographic diffusion of this disease, and management plans commonly focus on minimizing contact among these groups. Population structure and patterns of gene flow impact the distribution and occurrence of chronic wasting disease on landscape where it occurs. Thus, assessing these factors may help to identify effective management units and to predict transmission patterns within and among populations. Additionally, individual and population susceptibility to this disease is modulated by genetic variability in the prion protein (PRNP) gene, so evaluating transmission dynamics in tandem with spatial PRNP variability provides a means of assessing the innate vulnerability of populations to disease occurrence and establishment.In this study, I evaluated the genetic structure of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States of America in order to evaluate factors that may influence the epizootiology of chronic wasting disease. I used a panel of 11 microsatellite markers to assess spatial genetic structure and gene flow. These markers were chosen from a large suite of available loci (106 candidate markers) identified from 58 previous or ongoing studies of white-tailed deer genetics. These markers were chosen because they were characterized by low genotyping error rates and were inferred to be broadly applicable across the range of white-tailed deer in North America given the geographic distribution of previous studies. I genotyped a total of 2222 individuals to assess spatial genetic structure of white-tailed deer in the Mid-Atlantic region. White-tailed deer conformed to a pattern of isolation-by-distance at both fine and broad spatial scales. Despite this, 11 distinct subpopulation clusters were identified throughout the region. The edges of these subpopulations were associated with high-volume traffic roads and areas of greater elevational relief. Despite significant structure, subpopulations maintained high rates of connectivity. There was evidence of hierarchical genetic structure with the bounds of larger population units generally corresponding to physiographic provinces. Subpopulation units defined this way are more likely to be an effective disease management unit relative to those commonly defined by anthropocentric boundaries. Population structure is only one factor influencing the geographic distribution of diseases. Cervids are farmed in this region, and several captive cervid facilities have experienced recent outbreaks of chronic wasting disease. Egression from infected facilities represents another potential pathway for transmission. I used a Bayesian assignment algorithm to test for captive egression and dispersal events among free-ranging populations, both of which may contribute to epizootic patterns. I found a low (2.0%) but significant proportion of free-ranging deer that assigned to captive origin. Two deer that were infected with chronic wasting disease had a high probability of sourcing from captive populations. The proportion of individuals that assigned to a migratory origin was as high as 13.8% among the four subsampling units, and the proportion of individuals with admixed ancestry was as high as 46.7%. This suggests dispersal is common and ongoing and is commensurate with the high migration rates reported previously. One deer infected with chronic wasting disease assigned to a migratory origin. These results may indicate that both captive egression and natural dispersal have the potential to contribute to the spread of this disease into previously uninfected regions.Individual susceptibility to chronic wasting disease is thought to be linked to variation at two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PRNP gene. Thus, population-scale variability at these loci may influence the risk of infection and establishment. The Mid-Atlantic populations of white-tailed deer generally had a higher proportion of susceptible individuals relative to populations with a longer history of chronic wasting disease. Variability at these loci varied spatially within the region and generally conformed to patterns of population structure. This suggests that some populations may be more innately susceptible than others to chronic wasting disease establishment. Understanding patterns of population structure and susceptibility provides insights into the potential occurrence of chronic wasting disease but does not necessarily explain transmission dynamics among populations. Transmission is expected to be facilitated by dispersal, but how deer move among populations is likely a consequence of the underlying landscape matrix. I evaluated the correlation between landscape features and patterns of gene flow using a resistance surface modeling approach to identify potential transmission corridors. Patterns of genetic differentiation were best explained by a resistance surface including percent forest cover, elevational relief, and traffic volume. While large streams were also included in the resistance surface, landscape resistance related to streams was negligible. Elevational relief and traffic volume were less resistant features than areas of low forest cover, highlighting the permeability of these features to deer movement. Gene flow was facilitated through forested corridors in heterogeneous landscapes and was more diffuse in homogeneous landscapes. A large number of chronic wasting disease cases occurred in areas of high connectivity, indicating that these areas may influence disease transmission among distinct groups of deer. In conclusion, patterns of white-tailed deer genetic structure are cryptic and associated with features that are permeable to movement. Nevertheless, these features may influence the distribution of chronic wasting disease and the possibility for transmission among populations. Furthermore, spatial variability at loci associated with disease susceptibility suggests that some populations may be more innately at risk for disease establishment than others. Incorporating the inferred patterns of population structure, connectivity, and susceptibility into disease forecasting models represents a logical extension and may further elucidate the trends observed here. Other sources of infection, such as captive egression, may pose a risk independent of patterns predicted by natural population structure. Thus, joint consideration of anthropogenic and natural sources of infection may further aid in predicting future epizootic patterns.
Download or read book Genetic Structure and Demographic Analysis of Key Deer Odocoileus Virginianus Clavium written by Vicki Lee Villanova and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent improvements in genetic analyses have paved the way in using molecular data to answer questions regarding evolutionary history, genetic structure, and demography. Key deer are a federally endangered subspecies assumed to be genetically unique (based on one allozyme study), homogeneous, and have a female-biased population of approximately 900 deer. I used 985bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and 12 microsatellite loci to test two hypotheses: 1) if the Moser Channel is a barrier to gene flow, I should expect that Key deer are differentiated and have reduced diversity compared to mainland deer and (2) if isolation on islands leads to a higher probability of extinction, I should expect that Key deer exhibit a small population size and a high risk of extinction. My results indicate that Key deer are genetically isolated from mainland white-tailed deer and that there is a lack of genetic substructure between islands. While Key deer exhibit reduced levels of genetic diversity compared to their mainland counterparts, they contain enough diversity of which to uniquely identify individual deer. Based on genetic identification, I estimated a census size of around 1,000 individuals with a heavily skewed female-biased adult sex ratio. Furthermore, I combined genetic and contemporary demographic data to generate a species persistence model of the Key deer. Sensitivity tests within the population viability analysis brought to light the importance of fetal sex ratio and female survival as the primary factors at risk of driving the subspecies to extinction.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Abstracts of Theses and Dissertations written by Bowling Green State University and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ohio Journal of Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes book reviews and abstracts.
Download or read book Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1973- include the following subject areas: Biological sciences, Agriculture, Chemistry, Environmental sciences, Health sciences, Engineering, Mathematics and statistics, Earth sciences, Physics, Education, Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, History, Law & political science, Business & economics, Geography & regional planning, Language & literature, Fine arts, Library & information science, Mass communications, Music, Philosophy and Religion.
Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index Biological sciences A E written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Zoology written by Joan D. Ferraris and published by Wiley-Liss. This book was released on 1996-05-31 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Zoology Advances, Strategies, and Protocols Edited by Joan D. Ferraris and Stephen R. Palumbi Contemporary tools of molecular biology continue to open new areas of biological research and to provide important answers to classic problems. Zoological questions of mating strategies, physiological adaptation, genetic exchange between populations, cell lineages during development, and many others are now being powerfully addressed using tools from the molecular arsenal. To provide broad access to these tools requires an authoritative reference that highlights recent advances, lays out future strategies, and provides working protocols to a wide audience of zoological scientists. Molecular Zoology: Advances, Strategies, and Protocols outlines the core concepts of these critical molecular techniques and provides specific instructions for their use. The book is divided into two main parts: Research Strategies and Protocols. The first section features detailed descriptions of the research approaches that incorporate molecular tools in the study of developmental, physiological, ecological, and evolutionary processes. In addition to charting recent advances, this section shows how to interpret results and describes the advantages and disadvantages of alternative approaches. These chapters function as entry points to molecular zoology for broadly trained zoologists without formal molecular training, graduate students, and molecular biologists in other fields. The second section is a compilation of over 60 protocols which have been developed, tested, and perfected by leading researchers in the field. It provides step-by-step coverage of each protocol, featuring for each a summary of its underlying rationale, a list of necessary reagents and solutions, and a discussion of potential obstacles to a particular technique. Specific techniques covered in the book include: * Applications of parametric bootstrapping in molecular phylogenetics * Microsatellite analysis of genetic mating systems and genetic relatedness * Use of RAPD-PCR markers in genetic structure and genealogies * PCR-based cloning across large taxonomic distances * Cell lineage analysis using retroviral vectors * Osmoregulatory gene characterization and expression * Regulatory element identification and transcription factor analysis * Protocols for in situ hybridization, DNA footprinting, gene knockout, ribonuclease protection assay, and coupled transcription/translation reactions. Molecular Zoology: Advances, Strategies, and Protocols is an authoritative resource designed to provide both basic and in-depth explanations of molecular investigation procedures for research scientists in all areas of organismal and integrative biology, including zoology, marine biology, and ecology. With its extensive coverage of molecular protocols, graduate students in biology will also find this book to be an indispensable manual for laboratory work.
Download or read book The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-12-12 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1992 the National Research Council issued DNA Technology in Forensic Science, a book that documented the state of the art in this emerging field. Recently, this volume was brought to worldwide attention in the murder trial of celebrity O. J. Simpson. The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence reports on developments in population genetics and statistics since the original volume was published. The committee comments on statements in the original book that proved controversial or that have been misapplied in the courts. This volume offers recommendations for handling DNA samples, performing calculations, and other aspects of using DNA as a forensic toolâ€"modifying some recommendations presented in the 1992 volume. The update addresses two major areas: Determination of DNA profiles. The committee considers how laboratory errors (particularly false matches) can arise, how errors might be reduced, and how to take into account the fact that the error rate can never be reduced to zero. Interpretation of a finding that the DNA profile of a suspect or victim matches the evidence DNA. The committee addresses controversies in population genetics, exploring the problems that arise from the mixture of groups and subgroups in the American population and how this substructure can be accounted for in calculating frequencies. This volume examines statistical issues in interpreting frequencies as probabilities, including adjustments when a suspect is found through a database search. The committee includes a detailed discussion of what its recommendations would mean in the courtroom, with numerous case citations. By resolving several remaining issues in the evaluation of this increasingly important area of forensic evidence, this technical update will be important to forensic scientists and population geneticistsâ€"and helpful to attorneys, judges, and others who need to understand DNA and the law. Anyone working in laboratories and in the courts or anyone studying this issue should own this book.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
