Download or read book Gene environment Interactions in Immunosuppression Pathway and Risk of Ovarian Cancer written by Shalaka Sudhir Hampras and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death due to gynecological cancers in developed countries. Despite aggressive surgery and chemotherapy, the overall prognosis of ovarian cancer is poor, with most patients developing recurrent disease after front-line treatment. Lack of specific symptoms and lack of effective screening tests preclude attempts to detect the disease at an early stage. Tumor immunosuppression is thought to play an important role in ovarian carcinogenesis. However the precise role of immunosuppression in the etiology of ovarian cancer is not well established. Ovarian cancer escapes attack by the host immune system by various mechanisms including induction of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect the levels or functions of Treg cells and MDSCs can provide more insight into molecular pathways underlying immunosuppression in ovarian cancer. SNPs are robust biomarkers representing a constitutional exposure that is not affected by the disease process, unlike measured levels of Treg cells/MDSCs in blood, tumor or peritoneal cavity samples. Further, the association of SNPs in immunosuppression pathway may be modified by environmental factors such as obesity, smoking and endometriosis, all of which have been shown to be associated with altered host immune response. Objective: The objectives of this study were 1) To evaluate the association of SNPs in Treg cell pathway with ovarian cancer, 2) To evaluate the association of SNPs in MDSC pathway with ovarian cancer, 3) To evaluate the association of gene-environment interactions in Treg cell genetic pathway with ovarian cancer and 4) To evaluate the association of gene-environment interactions in the MDSC genetic pathway with ovarian cancer.^Methods: A total of 17,421 ovarian cancer cases and 25,878 controls, frequency matched on age, race or geographic area, were pooled from 43 studies (34 case-control and 9 case only) conducted in North America, Europe and Australia, participating in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC). Data on demographic characteristics, reproductive history, medical and drug history, clinical characteristics and family history were collected through interviewer administered or self-administered comprehensive questionnaires. Peripheral blood or buccal samples were collected for genotyping at two centralized facilities: Genome Quebec in Canada (N=25,782) and at the Mayo Clinic in USA (N=18,707). A total of 2,133 Tag SNPs in 54 genes that are associated with the function of Treg cells and MDSCs were genotyped on a custom Illumina iSelect array designed for the Collaborative Oncological Gene-environment Study (COGS). A combination of principal component analyses, multivariate logistic regression and stratified analyses was used to analyze interaction of SNPs with body mass index (BMI), smoking and endometriosis. Results: SNPs in IL12B (rs6894567, OR=1. 06, 95% CI=1. 02-1. 10) in Treg pathway and IRF8 (rs305084, OR=1. 08, 95% CI=1. 03-1. 14) in MDSC pathway were found to have the strongest association with overall ovarian cancer, after adjusting for age and principal components of population substructure. A SNP in TGFBR2 (rs3773636) was associated with 21% increased risk of clear cell cancer (OR=1. 21, 95% CI=1. 1-1. 33). Variant alleles at a non-synonymous coding SNP (rs25882) located in CSF2 gene was associated with increased risk (OR=1. 20, 95%CI=1. 01-1. 42) of clear cell cancer among women with low or normal BMI and a reduced (OR=0. 43, 95%CI=0. 23-0. 82) risk among women with high BMI (P for interaction=0. 01). Among women with BMI>24. 99kg/m2, SNPs in TGF-beta signaling pathway were associated with a higher risk of serous (rs2450926 in TGFBR3, OR=1. 407, 95% CI=1. 07-1. 84, P for interaction=0. 03), mucinous (rs12490899 in TGFBR2, OR=2. 59, CI=1. 49-4. 50, P for interaction=0. 005) and endometrioid (rs3917158 in TGFB3, OR=1. 60, 95% CI=1. 12-2. 29, P for interaction=0. 03) cancer. A SNP rs1077667 (TNFSF14) showed qualitative interaction with smoking (P for interaction=0. 0002), with a 38% increased risk (OR=1. 38, 95% CI=1. 13-1. 68) of mucinous cancer among non-smokers and a 40% reduced risk (OR=0. 60, 95% CI=0. 42-0. 85) among women exposed to less than or equal to 14. 25 pack-years of smoking. Variant alleles at non-synonymous coding SNPs, rs2250889 (MMP9) and rs35602605 (EIF2AK4), were associated with 78% increased risk (P for interaction=0. 008) and 25% reduced risk (P for interaction=0. 009) of low malignant potential (LMP) tumors among smokers with>14. 25 pack-years of exposure, respectively. Non-synonymous coding SNP rs652438 in MMP12 also showed significant interaction (P for interaction=0. 0004) with endometriosis in association with LMP tumors (OR=2. 14, 95% CI=1. 24-3. 70, among women with endometriosis). A SNP in ARG1 (rs17657829, OR=1. 39, CI=1. 08-1. 77, P for interaction=0. 004) was associated increased risk of overall ovarian cancer among women with history of endometriosis. Conclusion: SNPs in immunosuppression pathway interact with BMI, smoking and endometriosis. These interactions vary by histological subtypes indicating different genes within this pathway drive the etiopathogenesis of various subtypes. This study has identified key genetic targets in the Treg cell and MDSC pathway for evaluation of etiology of ovarian cancer. The findings are valuable in identifying subgroups of women exposed to certain lifestyle and pathological conditions, at high risk of ovarian cancer. Further research including genotype-phenotype correlation studies should be conducted to evaluate the functional significance of these SNPs.
Download or read book Modifiable Risk Factors and Gene environment Interactions in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer written by Margaret Anne Gates and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gene environment Interaction in Cancer Risk written by Emanuela Taioli and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Download or read book The Cancer Stem Cell Niche written by Susie Nilsson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-09 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cancer Stem Cell Niche, Volume Five in the Advances in Stem Cells and their Niches series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics, including Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the bone marrow microenvironment, Stem cell niches in bone and their roles in cancer metastasis, The role of vasculature in cancer stem cell niches, The lung cancer stem cell niche, The prostate cancer stem cell niche: Genetic drivers and therapeutic approaches, Impact of prostate cancer stem cell niches on prostate cancer tumorigenesis and progression, The testicular cancer stem cell niche. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Advances in Stem Cells and their Niches series Includes the latest information on the Cancer Stem Cell Niche
Download or read book Bioactive Components Diet and Medical Treatment in Cancer Prevention written by Mostafa I. Waly and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-06 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high rate of urbanization and a steady increase in per capita income has improved the socio-economic status of people all over the world. This has resulted in drastic changes in their lifestyle and food consumption patterns, where traditional foods are being replaced with more ready-made junk foods with few servings of fresh vegetables and fruits. It has been postulated that industrialization has caused change in food choice, dietary pattern modification and resulted in a sedentary lifestyle. In addition, contaminated foods with unsafe microbes and chemical hazards are increasing. All of these events have resulted in an increased risk of cancer, the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. This book will provide a basic understanding of cancer, its risk factors, preventive measures, and possible treatments currently available, as well as identifying the different dietary factors that might synergize with a sedentary lifestyle in the etiology of cancer, and its prevention measure.
Download or read book Human Polygenic Diseases written by Dragani and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-07-01 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Human Polygenic Diseases - Animal Models" deals with the emerging role of complex genetic factors in the pathogenesis of common diseases. These diseases include hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and cancer, and cause a large fraction of morbidity and death. Complex genetic factors are difficult to study in humans, and this book will give the reader a concise view of the major experimental models of polygenic inheritance of predisposition to diseases. It emphasizes the use of models as tools for understanding the basis of the complex genetics of human diseases. This timely publication can be used as both a reference tool and as a textbook for specialized university courses. It should be of interest to those involved in basic research in animal genetics, molecular genetics, human genetics, and medicine.
Download or read book Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers written by Khalid El Bairi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-09 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively summarizes the biology, etiology, and pathology of ovarian cancer and explores the role of deep molecular and cellular profiling in the advancement of precision medicine. The initial chapter discusses our current understanding of the origin, development, progression and tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer. In turn, the book highlights the development of resistance, disease occurrence, and poor prognosis that are the hallmarks of ovarian cancer. The book then reviews the role of deep molecular and cellular profiling to overcome challenges that are associated with the treatment of ovarian cancer. It explores the use of genome-wide association analysis to identify genetic variants for the evaluation of ovarian carcinoma risk and prognostic prediction. Lastly, it highlights various diagnostic and prognostic ovarian cancer biomarkers for the development of molecular-targeted therapy.
Download or read book Environmental Cancer written by Herman Fink Kraybill and published by Hemisphere Pub. This book was released on 1977 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Immune Mediated Diseases written by Michael R Shurin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-23 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes contributions from the speakers of the Second IMD Congress (September 10-15, 2007; Moscow, Russia) who were eager to share some of the academic and clinical enthusiasm that defines the IMD meetings. The goal of the International Immune-Mediated Diseases: From Theory to Therapy (IMD) Congress is to bring the world’s best immunologists and clinicians to Moscow.
Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Cancer Biology written by Francesco Pezzella and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-06 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of the biology of tumours has grown to become markedly interdisciplinary, involving chemists, statisticians, epidemiologists, mathematicians, bioinformaticians, and computer scientists alongside biologists, geneticists, and clinicians. The Oxford Textbook of Cancer Biology brings together the most up-to-date developments from different branches of research into one coherent volume, providing a comprehensive and current account of this rapidly evolving field. Structured in eight sections, the book starts with a review of the development and biology of multi-cellular organisms, how they maintain a healthy homeostasis in an individual, and a description of the molecular basis of cancer development. The book then illustrates, as once cells become neoplastic, their signalling network is altered and pathological behaviour follows. It explores the changes that cancer cells can induce in nearby normal tissue, the new relationship established between them and the stroma, and the interaction between the immune system and tumour growth. The authors illustrate the contribution provided by high throughput techniques to map cancer at different levels, from genomic sequencing to cellular metabolic functions, and how information technology, with its vast amounts of data, is integrated with traditional cell biology to provide a global view of the disease. The effect of the different types of treatments on the biology of the neoplastic cells are explored to understand on the one side, why some treatments succeed, and on the other, how they can affect the biology of resistant and recurrent disease. The book concludes by summarizing what we know to date about cancer, and in what direction our understanding of cancer is moving. Edited by leading authorities in the field with an international team of contributors, this book is an essential resource for scholars and professionals working in the wide variety of sub-disciplines that make up today's cancer research and treatment community. It is written not only for consultation, but also for easy cover-to-cover reading.
Download or read book Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media.
Download or read book Inflammation and Cancer written by Bharat B. Aggarwal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines in detail the role of chronic inflammatory processes in the development of several types of cancer. Leading experts describe the latest results of molecular and cellular research on infection, cancer-related inflammation and tumorigenesis. Further, the clinical significance of these findings in preventing cancer progression and approaches to treating the diseases are discussed. Individual chapters cover cancer of the lung, colon, breast, brain, head and neck, pancreas, prostate, bladder, kidney, liver, cervix and skin as well as gastric cancer, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma.
Download or read book Systemic Lupus Erythematosus written by George Tsokos and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-04-07 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This completely updated and expanded 2nd edition of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, A Manual includes topics not covered previously with contributors who are at the forefront of each specific topic and with a global appeal. Each chapter is short and is presented critically with selected references, which should be valuable to a wider audience. This book combines basic with clinical science to help internists and specialists in the diagnosis and management of patients with SLE. It is a quick referral for people in the pharmaceutical industry in their efforts to bring much-needed drugs. It provides all the needed information to basic researchers old and new alike, who wish to enter the field of lupus and systemic autoimmunity in general. Focused state-of-the-art chapters prepared by top-notch experts in the field Latest understanding of cellular, molecular, biochemical aspects of disease pathogenesis Advanced aspects of genetic, microbiome, environmental, hormonal, and immunological contribution to the expression of the disease Current understanding of clinical features of the disease Recent efforts to develop new treatments
Download or read book DeVita Hellman and Rosenberg s Cancer written by Vincent T. DeVita and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2008 with total page 1748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting comprehensive, cutting-edge information on the science of oncology and the multimodality treatment of every cancer type, this eighth edition--now in full color--contains more than 40 brand-new chapters, and more than 70 chapters have been rewritten by new contributing authors.
Download or read book Critical Aspects of EPA s IRIS Assessment of Inorganic Arsenic written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-11-20 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) program develops toxicologic assessments of environmental contaminants. IRIS assessments provide hazard identification and dose-response assessment information. The information is then used in conjunction with exposure information to characterize risks to public health and may be used in risk-based decisionmaking, in regulatory actions, and for other risk-management purposes. Since the middle 1990s, EPA has been in the process of updating the IRIS assessment of inorganic arsenic. In response to a congressional mandate for an independent review of the IRIS assessment of inorganic arsenic, EPA requested that the National Research Council convene a committee to conduct a two-phase study. Critical Aspects of EPA's IRIS Assessment of Inorganic Arsenic is the report of the first phase of that study. This report evaluates critical scientific issues in assessing cancer and noncancer effects of oral exposure to inorganic arsenic and offers recommendations on how the issues could be addressed in EPA's IRIS assessment.
Download or read book NK Myeloid Cell Interactions in the Tumor Microenvironment Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy written by Erik Wennerberg and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
