Download or read book Gender Segregation and Social Change written by Alison MacEwen Scott and published by . This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite profound economic and social changes in Britain during the 1980s, men and women remain highly segregated at work - a segregation strongly related to inequalities in pay, career prospects, and employment protection. This book analyzes the nature and significance of gender segregation within the context of labour market change. The analysis has many novel features. These include a combination of economic and sociological approaches; the integration of demand and supply explanations; systematic comparisons between male and female jobs; the incorporation of work history and life cycle variables; and the investigation of sexist attitudes and the sex-labelling of jobs. The effects of social change are analyzed through employer, industry, and locality case studies. The results show that the sex ratio of a job is an important aspect of labour market structure, whether or not gender is the focus of the study, and that desegregation is still a long way off.
Download or read book Social Change and Economic Life Initiative written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Documenting Desegregation written by Kevin Stainback and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2012-09-01 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enacted nearly fifty years ago, the Civil Rights Act codified a new vision for American society by formally ending segregation and banning race and gender discrimination in the workplace. But how much change did the legislation actually produce? As employers responded to the law, did new and more subtle forms of inequality emerge in the workplace? In an insightful analysis that combines history with a rigorous empirical analysis of newly available data, Documenting Desegregation offers the most comprehensive account to date of what has happened to equal opportunity in America—and what needs to be done in order to achieve a truly integrated workforce. Weaving strands of history, cognitive psychology, and demography, Documenting Desgregation provides a compelling exploration of the ways legislation can affect employer behavior and produce change. Authors Kevin Stainback and Donald Tomaskovic-Devey use a remarkable historical record—data from more than six million workplaces collected by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) since 1966—to present a sobering portrait of race and gender in the American workplace. Progress has been decidedly uneven: black men, black women, and white women have prospered in firms that rely on educational credentials when hiring, though white women have advanced more quickly. And white men have hardly fallen behind—they now hold more managerial positions than they did in 1964. The authors argue that the Civil Rights Act's equal opportunity clauses have been most effective when accompanied by social movements demanding changes. EEOC data show that African American men made rapid gains in the 1960s at the height of the Civil Rights movement. Similarly, white women gained access to more professional and managerial jobs in the 1970s as regulators and policymakers began to enact and enforce gender discrimination laws. By the 1980s, however, racial desegregation had stalled, reflecting the dimmed status of the Civil Rights agenda. Racial and gender employment segregation remain high today, and, alarmingly, many firms, particularly in high-wage industries, seem to be moving in the wrong direction and have shown signs of resegregating since the 1980s. To counter this worrying trend, the authors propose new methods to increase diversity by changing industry norms, holding human resources managers to account, and exerting renewed government pressure on large corporations to make equal employment opportunity a national priority. At a time of high unemployment and rising inequality, Documenting Desegregation provides an incisive re-examination of America's tortured pursuit of equal employment opportunity. This important new book will be an indispensable guide for those seeking to understand where America stands in fulfilling its promise of a workplace free from discrimination.
Download or read book Gender Segregation at Work written by Sylvia Walby and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SUMMARY:Explores explanations of gender segregation at work, the changing forms and levels of segregation, and deliberate attempts to reduce it. Provides the general theoretical and historical background, a number of specific case studies, and a discussion of such issues as part-time work, the role of trade unions, sex discrimination, sexual harassment, and racism in relation to gender segregation.
Download or read book Gender Inequality in the Life Course written by Hannah Brückner and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do women fare in a society that is characterized by a set of institutions that promote income stability over the life course and thereby maintain and even amplify status difference? Using recently issued public files of social security records with longitudinal earnings data of well over half a million persons, this book describes gender inequality in earnings and labor market participation in contemporary Germany between 1975 and 1995. Because of the advanced industrial base of Germany, its relevance to other nations at the high end of production and consumer indices becomes apparent. Brückner's work is a unique combination of empirical and theoretical work. She takes seriously the effect of marriage status on labor supply and wages: married men work more and earn more, while married women work less and earn less. But to this rather conventional measure she introduces a second important consideration: the life course, multiple social contexts that help explain the unfolding of social action and economic status. In this way the family becomes a critical factor in explaining such crucial sources of inequality as tax laws, property transference, and transfer payments--and how these are regulated by the welfare state. The results from a life course analysis are contrasted with cross-sectional trends and a traditional lifecycle model to show that much depends in part on the data and methods used to explore it. The work closes with a solid social scientific analysis of systems choices: the private market in contrast to the social democratic welfare state solution. While recognizing that the latter is a direct effort at resolving the gender gap in wages and welfare, Professor Brückner also appreciates that there are high costs to the overall economy, not the least being a taxation that erodes the earning power of families and individuals as a whole, and hence is less of a solution than the spreading of the problem.
Download or read book Gender Inequality in Our Changing World written by Lori Kenschaft and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-07-24 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gender Inequality in Our Changing World: A Comparative Approach focuses on the contemporary United States but places it in historical and global context. Written for sociology of gender courses, this textbook identifies conditions that encourage greater or lesser gender inequality, explains how gender and gender inequality change over time, and explores how gender intersects with other hierarchies, especially those related to race, social class, and sexual identity. The authors integrate historical and international materials as they help students think both theoretically and empirically about the causes and consequences of gender inequality, both in their own lives and in the lives of others worldwide.
Download or read book Sex Segregation and Inequality in the Modern Labour Market written by Jude Browne and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Placing Health tackles the question of how health is affected by where people live, through an examination of England's Neighbourhood Renewal Strategy and its health targets. It evaluates the evidence base for the strategy, compares experiences from similar countries, and explores the relevance of complexity theory to area-based health improvement.--
Download or read book The Interplay Between Gender Markets and the State in Sweden Germany and the United States written by Lilja Mosesdottir and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was first published in 2001. The development of gender relations during the post-war period in Sweden, Germany and the US forms the core of this work. It looks at the hierarchical relations between men and women based on economic, political, social and biological differentiations. The analytical focus is primarily on how actors, cultural norms and institutional arrangements interrelate and affect the relative position of men and women to create patterns/forms of gender relations that vary across countries and change through time. The main advantages of a comparative study is that it highlights the differences and similarities of the countries being compared. This book argues that social blocks involving a stable system of relations that have challenged and become embedded into institutional arrangements are the main force creating differences in the patterns of gender relations across the countries.
Download or read book Gender and Jobs written by Richard Anker and published by International Labour Organization. This book was released on 1998 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sex in the world
Download or read book Gendered Jobs and Social Change written by Rosemary Crompton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2024-11-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1990, Gendered Jobs and Social Change is a systematic exploration of the changing structure of women's paid work in Britain since the Second World War and an invaluable and accessible text for undergraduate students, and teachers and researchers, in the areas of employment, gender, and class theory. Four substantial case-study chapters, drawing upon original research material, give in-depth accounts of developments across the whole range of women's employment, from the 'post-feminist' finance professional to unskilled workers in the hotel and catering industry. This empirical work is set within a context of discussion relating to current theoretical debates of the time concerning gender, occupational segregation, and class and stratification theory and research; it is then complemented by a review of the structure of women's employment in other western countries. Besides making an original contribution to research and theory, it also provides an invaluable summary and critique of developments at the time within a series of important sociological debates.
Download or read book Sex Segregation in the Workplace written by Barbara F. Reskin and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes revised presentations and commentaries from a workship to review evidence for various theoretical explanations for occupational segregation and to report empirical research to enlarge understanding of the topic. An introduction summarizes contents. In part I five chapters on the extent of and trends in segregation document a decline in the segregation index, report an examination of sex segregation within organizations, address change in occupational sex composition experienced with job change and movement by race among occupations with different sex compositions, comment on contradictions among these papers, and project occupational segregation for the 1980s. Eight chapters in part II attempt to describe segregation by considering economic approaches to sex segregation, proposing a general theory to explain occupational segregation and wage differentials, criticizing this theory, reviewing the human capital explanation attributing segregation to women's preferences, reviewing literature linking sex typing in socialization to occupational choice, responding to that review, examining institutional barriers to sex integration, and commenting on that examination. The three papers in part III on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce segregation review literature to examine impacts, evaluate occupational desegregation in Comprehensive Employment and Training Act programs, and comment on the previous paper. Concluding remarks integrate several recurring themes. (YLB)
Download or read book Gender at Work written by Ruth Milkman and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "By analyzing the process of work in both the electrical and the automobile industries, the supplies of male and female labor available to each, the varying degrees of labor-intensive work, the proportion of labor costs to total costs, and the extent of male resistance to female entry into the industry before, during, and after the war, Milkman offers a historically grounded and detailed examination of the evolution, function, and reproduction of job segregation by sex." -- Journal of American History "Analytic sophistication is coupled with a powerfully rendered narrative: the reader strides briskly along, enjoying one provocative insight after another while simultaneously absorbed by the drama of the events." -- Women's Review of Books
Download or read book Gender and Power in the Workplace written by Harriet Bradley and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 1998-11-18 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After over two decades of feminist campaigning, why is it that men are still paid more than women and established patterns of gender segregation persist? Are the feminization of the labour force and the rise of dual-earning couples radically affecting the sexual division of labour in the home and at work? What roles are played by trade unions in promoting equality between the sexes? And if women are finally breaking through 'glass ceilings', is it at the expense of men? This important new textbook explores these questions using original material from interviews with female and male employees in five case-study organizations. The author develops a new approach to power, in terms of a range of resources which are used by women to challenge male domination and by men to resist women's encroachment. This approach is used to unpack the complexities of power relations of gender and class as they are played out in the everyday lives of working people. The interaction of class and gender is also explored at the societal level, in terms of increased global competition, feminization and the development of a 'climate of equality' fostered by Equal Opportunities programmes. Women's expectations are increasing, leading them to compete with men for promotion and career advancement; but this is taking place in the context of increasing insecurity, anxiety and work intensification for all employees, especially those in public-sector organizations. Gender and Power in the Workplace makes a major contribution to the sociological analysis of power and to our understanding of how processes of gendering are played out in the sphere of employment.
Download or read book Black Women and White Women in the Professions written by Natalie J. Sokoloff and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-09 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women of all racial\ethnic backrounds and minority men have been hailed as the major beneficiaries of the expansion in political, economic, and employment opportunities of the 1960s and 1970s. The author uses data derived from a twenty year span of census material to provide a thorough analysis of gender and race segregation throughout the professional occupations in the U.S. during this period of massive social change. She makes clear the advances achieved by all groups-men and women, black and white-during this period of economic expansion, as well as insightfully evaluating the differential advantage of white men against all other race/gender groups. At the same time, Professor Sokoloff provides compelling evidence challenging several myths, such as that of the two-fer myth, whereby black women are said to benefit two-fold from their race and gender statuses from affirmative action.
Download or read book Doing Gender Doing Difference written by Sarah Fenstermaker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time the anthologized works of Sarah Fenstermaker and Candace West have been collected along with new essays to provide a complete understanding of this topic of tremendous importance to scholars in social science.
Download or read book The Sociology of Gender written by Laurie Davidson and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sex Gender and Social Change written by Gerhard Falk and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sex, Gender and Social Change details the drastic changes in the attitudes toward gender in society since the seventeenth century and its effects on each gender. Gerhard Falk examines the change in roles of men and women as the power structure evens out between the genders. He begins with the place of women in the working world as they gain prominence as executives, in the military, as religious leaders, and in the political arena. He then moves into less studied aspects such as the move toward gender neutrality in fields like nursing and engineering, and the difference between the involvement of the genders in crime. Finally, he approaches the evolution and future of personal lives as roles change within the family and women take greater control over their sex lives.
