Download or read book Gender Roles and the Gender Expectations Gap written by Francesco D'Acunto and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expectations about macro-finance variables, such as inflation, vary significantly across genders, even within the same household. We conjecture that traditional gender roles expose women and men to different economic signals in their daily lives, which in turn produce systematic variation in expectations. Using unique data on the contributions of men and women to household grocery chores, their resulting exposure to price signals, and their inflation expectations, we show that the gender expectations gap is tightly linked to participation in grocery shopping. We also document a gender gap in other economic expectations and discuss how it might affect economic choices.
Download or read book Bridging the Gender Gap written by Lynn M. Roseberry and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite decades of efforts to promote gender equality, most leadership positions in business, politics, education, and even NGOs are occupied by men, and most people still work in occupations dominated by one sex. This book argues that gender imbalances in leadership and occupations are not simply a moral issue or an economic issue, but a governance issue. Gender imbalances persist in large part because the very people with the authority and influence to do something about them know very little about gender and how it works in their organizations and in society at large. Gender imbalanced governance is an expression of entrenched ideas about masculinity and femininity that lead to poor decision making. Improving the quality of governance requires action to counteract the main justifications for the status quo. Based on interviews and conversations with leaders and managers in Europe and the United States, the book presents seven of the most common explanations for persistent gender imbalances and shows how they are based on common stereotypes and myths about men's and women's abilities and preferences. This book provides a guided tour of current research about gender from a multi-disciplinary perspective. It challenges commonly held assumptions and offers alternative explanations and corresponding principles to guide individual decisions, action, and behaviour toward achieving gender balance.
Download or read book The Rise of Women written by Thomas A. DiPrete and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While powerful gender inequalities remain in American society, women have made substantial gains and now largely surpass men in one crucial arena: education. Women now outperform men academically at all levels of school, and are more likely to obtain college degrees and enroll in graduate school. What accounts for this enormous reversal in the gender education gap? In The Rise of Women: The Growing Gender Gap in Education and What It Means for American Schools, Thomas DiPrete and Claudia Buchmann provide a detailed and accessible account of women’s educational advantage and suggest new strategies to improve schooling outcomes for both boys and girls. The Rise of Women opens with a masterful overview of the broader societal changes that accompanied the change in gender trends in higher education. The rise of egalitarian gender norms and a growing demand for college-educated workers allowed more women to enroll in colleges and universities nationwide. As this shift occurred, women quickly reversed the historical male advantage in education. By 2010, young women in their mid-twenties surpassed their male counterparts in earning college degrees by more than eight percentage points. The authors, however, reveal an important exception: While women have achieved parity in fields such as medicine and the law, they lag far behind men in engineering and physical science degrees. To explain these trends, The Rise of Women charts the performance of boys and girls over the course of their schooling. At each stage in the education process, they consider the gender-specific impact of factors such as families, schools, peers, race and class. Important differences emerge as early as kindergarten, where girls show higher levels of essential learning skills such as persistence and self-control. Girls also derive more intrinsic gratification from performing well on a day-to-day basis, a crucial advantage in the learning process. By contrast, boys must often navigate a conflict between their emerging masculine identity and a strong attachment to school. Families and peers play a crucial role at this juncture. The authors show the gender gap in educational attainment between children in the same families tends to be lower when the father is present and more highly educated. A strong academic climate, both among friends and at home, also tends to erode stereotypes that disconnect academic prowess and a healthy, masculine identity. Similarly, high schools with strong science curricula reduce the power of gender stereotypes concerning science and technology and encourage girls to major in scientific fields. As the value of a highly skilled workforce continues to grow, The Rise of Women argues that understanding the source and extent of the gender gap in higher education is essential to improving our schools and the economy. With its rigorous data and clear recommendations, this volume illuminates new ground for future education policies and research.
Download or read book Gender Equality from a Modern Perspective written by Tanusree Chakraborty and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-10-20 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attempts to eliminate or reduce gender inequality have been made by governments, international organizations, NGOs, policymakers, and private organizations. However, the evidence still shows that the gender gap exists from womb to tomb, from parental treatment to corporate leadership, and even the genders’ psychologically different identity for that matter. The question, however, arises with laws and regulations formed on gender disparity, bills becoming acts, society becoming broader in their outlook, and adopting inclusivity in terms of gender in different spheres: Are we still able to claim that we are addressing gender inequality enough? This volume explores the disparity between genders in terms of the labor market and career advancement, child-rearing practices, education, financial literacy, work-life balance, pay gaps, and economic development, to name a few areas. It focuses on the robust themes of the gender gap from a modern perspective to enhance our understanding of gender inequality in today's world.
Download or read book Exploring Gender at Work written by Joan Marques and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-25 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely work that reviews the phenomenon of gender and its many manifestations of equality. Well-suited for increasing awareness and justice in academic and professional environments, this collective work addresses long-standing and ongoing social problems such as discrimination, stereotyping, prejudice, as well as a plethora of societal and industry influences that sustain the trend of gender imbalance. Aiming to span a broad scope in time, backgrounds and implementation, this book presents a wide variety of topics, including a historical overview, contemporary gender-based Issues, gender approaches across the disciplines, and cultural influences. The reader is guaranteed to confront existing biases when digesting topics related to gender communication differences, stereotypes, tensions and resistances, assigned social roles, transgenderism, non-binary identities, tension fields between equality and equity, relational aggression, and more. A critical underlying aim of this book is to contribute constructively and progressively to the dialogue on the definition of gender, thus addressing an ongoing challenge for policy makers, organizational leaders, and scholars.
Download or read book Gender Roles written by Linda L. Lindsey and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 2005 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 4th edition ofGender Rolesprovides the best balance between “gender” and “women” as a focus—especially with the expanded content on men and masculinity. It addresses religion and integrates history at various points. An objective of the book is to dispel myths about gender. Both sociological and interdisciplinary content organized around clear and appropriate research serves this objective well—providing readers with a sociological perspective of gender that can be meaningfully applied to their daily lives.The more controversial topics related to gender have a greater array of supporting references directing readers to explore the topics further.Gender Rolesintegrates insights and research from other disciplines—especially biology, psychology, anthropology, and history. Interdisciplinary material is organized, presented, and guided by the sociological perspective, however, so readers can understand the commonalities and differences in the ways the various disciplines research and explain gender.An exciting and interesting read for anyone interested in gender roles and sexual identity.
Download or read book Portfolio Selection and Asset Pricing written by Shouyang Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In our daily life, almost every family owns a portfolio of assets. This portfolio could contain real assets such as a car, or a house, as well as financial assets such as stocks, bonds or futures. Portfolio theory deals with how to form a satisfied portfolio among an enormous number of assets. Originally proposed by H. Markowtiz in 1952, the mean-variance methodology for portfolio optimization has been central to the research activities in this area and has served as a basis for the development of modem financial theory during the past four decades. Follow-on work with this approach has born much fruit for this field of study. Among all those research fruits, the most important is the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) proposed by Sharpe in 1964. This model greatly simplifies the input for portfolio selection and makes the mean-variance methodology into a practical application. Consequently, lots of models were proposed to price the capital assets. In this book, some of the most important progresses in portfolio theory are surveyed and a few new models for portfolio selection are presented. Models for asset pricing are illustrated and the empirical tests of CAPM for China's stock markets are made. The first chapter surveys ideas and principles of modeling the investment decision process of economic agents. It starts with the Markowitz criteria of formulating return and risk as mean and variance and then looks into other related criteria which are based on probability assumptions on future prices of securities.
Download or read book Feminism with Men written by Steven P. Schacht and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2004 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can men participate in feminism as a full and equal partner, respecting gender differences yet sharing a common vision with women for an oppression-free future? This book provides both male and female perspectives, academic insights and practical suggestions for (pro)feminist men seeking new ways to increase mutual understanding and to create cooperative efforts with feminist women.
Download or read book Gender Roles in the Future Theoretical Foundations and Future Research Directions written by Alice H. Eagly and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of gender is deservedly a major focus of research in the discipline of psychology in general and social psychology in particular. Interest in the topic increased sharply in the 1970s with the flowering of the feminist movement, and research has continued to advance since that time. In 1987, Alice Eagly formulated Social Role Theory to explain the behavior of women and men as well as the stereotypes, attitudes, and ideologies that are relevant to sex and gender. Enhanced by several extensions over the intervening years, this theory became one of the pre-eminent, if not the central, theory of gender in social psychology. Also, over the last decades, social psychologists have developed a variety of related approaches to understanding gender, including, for instance, theories devoted to stereotyping, leadership, status, backlash, lack of fit to occupational roles, social identity, and categorization. Reflecting these elements, this e-Book includes articles that encompasses a wide range of themes pertaining to sex and gender. In these papers, the concept of social roles appears often as central integrative concept that links individuals with their social environment. These articles thereby complement social role theory as the authors reach out to build an extended theoretical foundation for gender research of the future.
Download or read book Hairdresser or Footballer Bridging the gender gap in schools written by Hollie Anderton and published by John Catt. This book was released on 2018-10-30 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teaching is a profession where we are persistently trying to ensure that our children have the best possible future, yet gender is still a huge hurdle in terms of expectations. We are setting children up to fail because society instills certain messages in them that can often stop them from achieving what they desire and as teachers, we aren't always opposing them. Often, teachers are so removed from this issue that they don't see it going on in their classroom.
Download or read book Gender Nature and Nurture written by Richard A. Lippa and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-04-08 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by one of the foremost authorities in the field, this engaging text presents the latest scientific findings on gender differences, similarities, and variations--in sexuality, cognitive abilities, occupational preferences, personality, and social behaviors, such as aggression. The impact of nature and nurture on gender is examined from the perspectives of genetics, molecular biology, evolutionary theory, neuroanatomy, anthropology, sociology, and psychology. The result is a balanced, fair-minded synthesis of diverse points of view. Dr. Lippa's text sympathetically summarizes each side of the nature-nurture debate, and in a witty imagined conversation between a personified "nature" and "nurture," he identifies weaknesses in the arguments offered by both sides. His kaleidoscopic review defines gender, summarizes research on gender differences, examines the nature of masculinity and femininity, describes theories of gender, and presents a "cascade model," which argues that nature and nurture constitute the inseparable threads that weave together to form the complex tapestry known as gender. Gender, Nature, and Nurture applies the nature-nurture debate to such topical public policy questions as: *Should girls and boys be reared alike? *Should schools treat girls and boys alike, and is same-sex education beneficial or harmful to children? *Should mothers be granted custody of young children more often than fathers? *Is sexual violence a uniquely male problem that stems, in part, from biological roots? *Should corporations treat male and female employees differently? *Why is there a "gender gap" in political attitudes, and how can society encourage greater gender equity in leadership positions? *Should women and men serve equally in the military? This lively "primer" of gender research is an ideal book for courses on gender studies, the psychology of women or of men, and gender roles. Its wealth of up-to-date scientific information stimulates the professional reader; its accessible style captivates the student reader; and its forthright examination of the relation between scientific debate and public policy fascinates the general reader.
Download or read book The Declining Significance of Gender written by Francine D. Blau and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2006-05-11 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last half-century has witnessed substantial change in the opportunities and rewards available to men and women in the workplace. While the gender pay gap narrowed and female labor force participation rose dramatically in recent decades, some dimensions of gender inequality—most notably the division of labor in the family—have been more resistant to change, or have changed more slowly in recent years than in the past. These trends suggest that one of two possible futures could lie ahead: an optimistic scenario in which gender inequalities continue to erode, or a pessimistic scenario where contemporary institutional arrangements persevere and the gender revolution stalls. In The Declining Significance of Gender?, editors Francine Blau, Mary Brinton, and David Grusky bring together top gender scholars in sociology and economics to make sense of the recent changes in gender inequality, and to judge whether the optimistic or pessimistic view better depicts the prospects and bottlenecks that lie ahead. It examines the economic, organizational, political, and cultural forces that have changed the status of women and men in the labor market. The contributors examine the economic assumption that discrimination in hiring is economically inefficient and will be weeded out eventually by market competition. They explore the effect that family-family organizational policies have had in drawing women into the workplace and giving them even footing in the organizational hierarchy. Several chapters ask whether political interventions might reduce or increase gender inequality, and others discuss whether a social ethos favoring egalitarianism is working to overcome generations of discriminatory treatment against women. Although there is much rhetoric about the future of gender inequality, The Declining Significance of Gender? provides a sustained attempt to consider analytically the forces that are shaping the gender revolution. Its wide-ranging analysis of contemporary gender disparities will stimulate readers to think more deeply and in new ways about the extent to which gender remains a major fault line of inequality.
Download or read book Gender Gap written by Samuel A. Davies and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When women have fewer opportunities than men to develop their capacities in an egalitarian way, then we say that there is a gender gap. Although great conceptual and methodological advances have been achieved, and national policies have been developed in some countries to put an end to gender inequalities, what has really happened, in general, is an attenuation of those inequalities. This book reviews research in the study of the gender gap and have included herein a statistical analysis on gender and ethnicity; gender differences in second language learning; the gender pay gap in the self-employed in the U.S., evolutionary aspects of sex differences and gender disparities between men and women scientists in academia.
Download or read book Masculine and Feminine written by Marie Richmond-Abbott and published by McGraw-Hill Humanities, Social Sciences & World Languages. This book was released on 1992 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed for use in courses on gender and sex roles offered in sociology, psychology, and women's studies, this book gives an organizational perspective by devoting equal coverage to men's and women's concerns in a developmental or life-cycle framework. Thorough, updated treatment of gender roles in single-parent families and among the elderly is included, plus the latest information about men and women in occupations (percentages, salaries, types of discrimination) and in politics (the gender gap, women in political elites, policy questions).
Download or read book Women Labor Segmentation and Regulation written by David Peetz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-17 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book re-shapes thinking on ‘gender gaps’—differences between men and women in their incomes, their employment and their conditions of work. It shows how the interaction between regulation distance and content, labor segmentation and norms helps us understand various aspects of gender gaps. It brings together leading authors from industrial relations, sociology, politics, and feminist economics, who outline the roles the family, state public policy, trade unions and class play in creating gender gaps, and consider the lessons from international comparisons. While many studies have focused on the role of society or organizations, this book also pays attention to the role of occupations in promoting and reinforcing gender gaps, discussing groups such as apparel outworkers, film and video workers, care workers, public-sector professionals like librarians, chief executives, academics, and coal miners. This book will be of interest to practitioners, policy makers, academics and students interested in understanding why inequality between men and women persists today—and what might be done about it.
Download or read book Gender and the Life Course written by Alice S. Rossi and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 1985-01-01 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gender and the Life Course is an interdisciplinary collection of essays on the lives of women and men as they are affected by history, culture, demography, economic and political stratification, and the biopsychological processes that attend maturation and aging. The book covers three major topics. Part I, which examines gender and the life course in broad historical perspective, includes a summary of recent work in biological ecology and primatology, and an analysis of the persistence of cultural and gender differences in role organization in societies undergoing the transition from agrarianism to industrialism. Other essays trace the changes in sources of household income of industrial workers over the life span, and review temporal and gender differences in life span transitions. Part II examines gender differentiation in a variety of contexts: psychological, psychobiologi-cal, and sociological. Alice Rossi's ASA Presidential Address reviews recent work on fathering and mothering, and argues that sociological explanations of such gender differences need supplementation by concepts from evolutionary theory and the neurosciences. Three essays deal with gender and economy: one shows how gender stratification took hold in the early stages of industrialization in France, another demonstrates the persistence of gender stratification in modern economies, the third focuses on ideology in relation to gender and political power. Part III examines various aspects of the aged in contemporary society, including an argument for an jnterpretive social science that uses diverse methods to improve our ability to describe and interpret many facets of the lives of elderly men and women; a review of the methodology used to study changes in the aged population over time; and an overview of existing data sets that permit further cohort and longitudinal analyses of the aged. The final essays review social policies as they affect the elderly, with particular attention to the fact that most very old people are women, and the impact of the greatly expanded life course for family and kin relations. "Gender and the Life Course "is a state-of-the-art assessment of the best work currently being done' on gender and age a's maturational factors and is essential reading for anyone interested in adult development and gender roles.
Download or read book Communicating Power and Gender written by Deborah Borisoff and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2011-03-30 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a perceptive and outstanding assessment, Communicating Power and Gender examines the relationships between gender and power and how they are linked to and transformed by the communication process. Within this discussion a host of correlations emerge, crossing social, cultural, historical, political, and racial spheres. In order to anchor their discussion Borisoff and Chesebro define the terms gender, power, and communication, which provides an operational platform from which to view fundamental issues such as the effects of stereotyping and verbal and nonverbal communication by gender. The authors also consider four contexts that shape and influence gender socialization and sex-role constructions: mediated communication and gender roles in various media systems, early socialization in the home, the educational landscape, and women and men in the workplace. Our environment continually generates new kinds of questions and associations. The more we interact with others the more we realize that our relationships are not fixedthey exist in a state of flux. Communicating Power and Gender explores not only how gender-based issues affect us daily, but also how gender-based communication can be more sensitively, usefully, and effectively employed.
