Download or read book A Question of Equity written by United States. Merit Systems Protection Board and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Papers on Work Life Supports and Gender Diversity in the Federal Government written by Shirley Adelstein and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is often argued that work-life programs are important for promoting gender equality in the federal government, but whether and how these programs benefit women is the source of debate. According to the theory of representative bureaucracy, gender diversity is especially important in the civil service. Yet the argument that work-life programs benefit women's bureaucratic representation is frequently assumed and rarely tested. This dissertation addresses the question of whether work-life supports promote gender diversity in federal employment, using survey data on federal employees and agency data from the U.S. Office of Personnel Management to analyze different dimensions of this question in three papers. The first paper asks whether work-life supports, including program satisfaction, supervisor support, and senior leadership support, are gendered predictors of job satisfaction among federal employees. The second paper explores whether agencies with higher aggregate levels of work-life program satisfaction and managerial support for work-life see gains in gender diversity over time, utilizing multiple conceptually distinct measures of diversity to do so. The third paper examines gender differences in the effects of using work-life strategies for federal career advancement. The results demonstrate that work-life is not a "women's issue," but it is gendered and offers opportunities for promoting a more diverse and inclusive federal workforce.
Download or read book Gender Equity in the Federal Workforce written by Teresa Kroeger and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unequal pay and occupational segregation by gender are persistent and pernicious features of the United States labor market that policymakers and labor advocates have sought to eliminate. The federal government is the largest employer in the country, and it utilizes hiring procedures and pay structures designed to ensure equitable employment outcomes. Rigid pay-setting mechanisms largely standardize pay by leaving little room for the discretion of hiring managers. Despite formalized pay practices, researchers have documented evidence of gender pay gaps and occupational segregation in the federal workforce. Less understood is how these inequities persist given the rigidity of pay-setting in the federal workforce and the extent of inequities over time. This dissertation examines the persistence of gender earnings and employment inequity in the modern federal workforce. The research establishes a more thorough understanding of the earnings and employment status of women in the federal workforce and how it has changed since the influx of women into the paid labor force. It dissects how much of the difference in men's and women's average earnings can be attributed to discrimination, and how pay inequity persists within rigid federal pay systems. The analysis examines the extent to which federal workers are disproportionately sorted by gender between occupations and agencies, as well as the extent of gender sorting within and between pay systems. Labor economics models explain persistent gender pay gaps arising from disparities in earnings determinants (i.e., differences in human capital endowments), occupational segregation (i.e., women sorted into low-paying occupations), discriminatory practices (i.e., gender pay differences for comparable work), or some combination of the above. This study empirically employs these models in the context of the modern federal workforce and considers additional mechanisms of gender pay inequity unique to the federal sector. The analysis combines multiple sources of federal personnel microdata from the Central Personnel Data File (CPDF) to create a novel dataset on federal civilian workers from 1973 to 2013. It uses log earnings regressions and Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions to determine the magnitude and pervasiveness of gender pay gaps in the federal workforce, and the differential impacts of various demographic, human capital, and administrative variables on gender pay gaps across pay systems, occupations, and agencies. Indexes of dissimilarity measure the amount of gender segregation between occupations and agencies, the extent to which it varies between pay systems, and how it has changed over 41 years. Earnings regressions estimate the pay implications of gender-based employment segregation in different pay systems of the federal workforce from 1973 to 2013. Unexplained differences in average earnings between men and women emerge in all gender and racial groups and in every year from 1973 to 2013, with substantial variation by pay system. Women of color make the most progress in overall employment gains over the period, but their increased entrance into the federal workforce does not translate to greater pay equity. Women in the largest pay system, General Schedule (GS) and equivalently graded pay plans, are employed one pay grade lower than equivalent men on average across the period. Workers on blue collar pay plans have the smallest unexplained gender pay gaps throughout the period, yet also experience a deterioration of real earnings and pay equity over time. Agencies--comprised of smaller organizational units, called bureaus--employ workers across occupations. Federal workers are highly gender segregated between occupations, and less likely to be gender segregated between bureaus. Gender-based occupational segregation improves in the federal sector through the 2000s; however, by 2013, rates of occupational segregation are higher for workers in other white collar (other than GS) and blue collar pay plans than they are for private sector workers. Occupations with greater shares of women in their workforce pay lower earnings, on average, to both men and women on their payrolls. Occupation and bureau segregation have lessened since 1973, but they still contribute to the gender pay gap for most federal workers as of 2013. Employment segregation is a substantial contributor to gender pay inequity in the federal workforce. Analyses cannot rule out that federal gender pay inequity is driven by practices that discriminate against women's work. Regardless of the motivation for the above findings, the federal government sets standards for the broader labor market, and its policies have significant implications for the economic status of millions of workers across the nation.
Download or read book Comparable Worth for Federal Jobs written by United States. Office of Personnel Management and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Women in the federal government written by Susan Tsui Grundmann and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-10 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines changes in the employment and treatment of women in the civilian Federal Government, based on analysis of workforce data and Federal employee perceptions of their experiences and career advancement in the Federal Government. Contents: Introduction; The Employment Status of Women in the Federal Government; Factors Affecting the Advancement, Recruitment, and Representation of Women; Employees' Career Interests and Actions; Employee Perceptions of Work and the Workplace; Conclusions and Recommendations; Appendixes. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find publication.
Download or read book Setting the Stage for the Next Century written by Canada. Status of Women Canada and published by Condition féminine Canada. This book was released on 1995 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Canada, along with all United Nations member countries, was called upon to formulate a national plan to advance the situation of women, both within its own borders and globally. This document is Canada's response to that request and its contribution toward the goals of the global Platform for Action to be adopted at the Fourth United Nations World Conference on Women in Beijing, China, in September 1995.
Download or read book Gender Equality and Inclusive Growth written by Raquel Fernández and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-03-04 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper considers various dimensions and sources of gender inequality and presents policies and best practices to address these. With women accounting for fifty percent of the global population, inclusive growth can only be achieved if it promotes gender equality. Despite recent progress, gender gaps remain across all stages of life, including before birth, and negatively impact health, education, and economic outcomes for women. The roadmap to gender equality has to rely on legal framework reforms, policies to promote equal access, and efforts to tackle entrenched social norms. These need to be set in the context of arising new trends such as digitalization, climate change, as well as shocks such as pandemics.
Download or read book ABC of Women Workers Rights and Gender Equality written by International Labour Office and published by International Labour Organization. This book was released on 2000 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2nd version of a 1994 publication.
Download or read book United States Code written by United States and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 1506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The United States Code is the official codification of the general and permanent laws of the United States of America. The Code was first published in 1926, and a new edition of the code has been published every six years since 1934. The 2012 edition of the Code incorporates laws enacted through the One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, the last of which was signed by the President on January 15, 2013. It does not include laws of the One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, enacted between January 2, 2013, the date it convened, and January 15, 2013. By statutory authority this edition may be cited "U.S.C. 2012 ed." As adopted in 1926, the Code established prima facie the general and permanent laws of the United States. The underlying statutes reprinted in the Code remained in effect and controlled over the Code in case of any discrepancy. In 1947, Congress began enacting individual titles of the Code into positive law. When a title is enacted into positive law, the underlying statutes are repealed and the title then becomes legal evidence of the law. Currently, 26 of the 51 titles in the Code have been so enacted. These are identified in the table of titles near the beginning of each volume. The Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives continues to prepare legislation pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 285b to enact the remainder of the Code, on a title-by-title basis, into positive law. The 2012 edition of the Code was prepared and published under the supervision of Ralph V. Seep, Law Revision Counsel. Grateful acknowledgment is made of the contributions by all who helped in this work, particularly the staffs of the Office of the Law Revision Counsel and the Government Printing Office"--Preface.
Download or read book Women and Workplace Discrimination written by Raymond F. Gregory and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An attorney specializing in employee discrimination, Gregory argues that sex discrimination against working women persists; that the most effective method of eliminating it is opposing all employer discriminatory conduct, policies, and practices wherever and whenever they appear; and that such opposition is best pursued through legal challenges based on US anti-discrimination laws. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book The Second Shift written by Arlie Hochschild and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2012-01-31 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An updated edition of a standard in its field that remains relevant more than thirty years after its original publication. Over thirty years ago, sociologist and University of California, Berkeley professor Arlie Hochschild set off a tidal wave of conversation and controversy with her bestselling book, The Second Shift. Hochschild's examination of life in dual-career housholds finds that, factoring in paid work, child care, and housework, working mothers put in one month of labor more than their spouses do every year. Updated for a workforce that is now half female, this edition cites a range of updated studies and statistics, with an afterword from Hochschild that addresses how far working mothers have come since the book's first publication, and how much farther we all still must go.
Download or read book The Federal Women s Program written by United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act written by American Dental Association and published by American Dental Association. This book was released on 2017-05-24 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Section 1557 is the nondiscrimination provision of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). This brief guide explains Section 1557 in more detail and what your practice needs to do to meet the requirements of this federal law. Includes sample notices of nondiscrimination, as well as taglines translated for the top 15 languages by state.
Download or read book Lean In written by Sheryl Sandberg and published by Knopf. This book was released on 2013-03-11 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: #1 INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLER • “A landmark manifesto" (The New York Times) that's a revelatory, inspiring call to action and a blueprint for individual growth that will empower women around the world to achieve their full potential. In her famed TED talk, Sheryl Sandberg described how women unintentionally hold themselves back in their careers. Her talk, which has been viewed more than eleven million times, encouraged women to “sit at the table,” seek challenges, take risks, and pursue their goals with gusto. Lean In continues that conversation, combining personal anecdotes, hard data, and compelling research to change the conversation from what women can’t do to what they can. Sandberg, COO of Meta (previously called Facebook) from 2008-2022, provides practical advice on negotiation techniques, mentorship, and building a satisfying career. She describes specific steps women can take to combine professional achievement with personal fulfillment, and demonstrates how men can benefit by supporting women both in the workplace and at home.
Download or read book Gender Equality and Work Life Balance written by Sarah Blithe and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-06-05 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pressure to achieve work-life "balance" has recently become a significant part of the cultural fabric of working life in United States. A very few privileged employees tout their ability to find balance between their careers and the rest of their lives, but most employees face considerable organizational and economic constraints which hamper their ability to maintain a reasonable "balance" between paid work and other life aspects—and it is not only women who struggle. Increasingly men find it difficult to "do it all." Women have long noted the near impossibility of balancing multiple roles, but it is only recently that men have been encouraged to see themselves beyond their breadwinner selves. Gender Equality and Work-Life Balance describes the work-life practices of men in the United States. The purpose is to increase gender equality at work for all employees. With a focus on leave policy inequalities, this book argues that men experience a phenomenon called "the glass handcuffs," which prevents them from leaving work to participate fully in their families, homes, and other life events, highlighting the cultural, institutional, organizational, and occupational conditions which make gender equality in work-life policy usage difficult. This social justice book ultimately draws conclusions about how to minimize inequalities at work. Gender Equality and Work-Life Balance is unique as it laces together some theoretical concepts which have little previous association, including entrepreneurialism; leave policy, occupational identity, and the economic necessities of families. This book will therefore be of particular interest to researches and academics alike in the disciplines of Gender studies, Human Resource Management, Employment Relations, Sociology and Cultural Studies.
Download or read book The Transformation of Title IX written by R. Shep Melnick and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2018-03-06 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One civil rights-era law has reshaped American society—and contributed to the country's ongoing culture wars Few laws have had such far-reaching impact as Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. Intended to give girls and women greater access to sports programs and other courses of study in schools and colleges, the law has since been used by judges and agencies to expand a wide range of antidiscrimination policies—most recently the Obama administration’s 2016 mandates on sexual harassment and transgender rights. In this comprehensive review of how Title IX has been implemented, Boston College political science professor R. Shep Melnick analyzes how interpretations of "equal educational opportunity" have changed over the years. In terms accessible to non-lawyers, Melnick examines how Title IX has become a central part of legal and political campaigns to correct gender stereotypes, not only in academic settings but in society at large. Title IX thus has become a major factor in America's culture wars—and almost certainly will remain so for years to come.
Download or read book Sexual Harassment of Women written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-09-01 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few decades, research, activity, and funding has been devoted to improving the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine. In recent years the diversity of those participating in these fields, particularly the participation of women, has improved and there are significantly more women entering careers and studying science, engineering, and medicine than ever before. However, as women increasingly enter these fields they face biases and barriers and it is not surprising that sexual harassment is one of these barriers. Over thirty years the incidence of sexual harassment in different industries has held steady, yet now more women are in the workforce and in academia, and in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine (as students and faculty) and so more women are experiencing sexual harassment as they work and learn. Over the last several years, revelations of the sexual harassment experienced by women in the workplace and in academic settings have raised urgent questions about the specific impact of this discriminatory behavior on women and the extent to which it is limiting their careers. Sexual Harassment of Women explores the influence of sexual harassment in academia on the career advancement of women in the scientific, technical, and medical workforce. This report reviews the research on the extent to which women in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine are victimized by sexual harassment and examines the existing information on the extent to which sexual harassment in academia negatively impacts the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women pursuing scientific, engineering, technical, and medical careers. It also identifies and analyzes the policies, strategies and practices that have been the most successful in preventing and addressing sexual harassment in these settings.
