Download or read book Gender Division of Labor in Korea written by Hyoung Cho and published by Ewha Womans University Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gender Division of Labor in the Family and Work written by Asia Foundation and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Gendered Division of Household Labor Over Parenthood Transitions written by Erin Hye-Won Kim and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BACKGROUNDKorea's traditional family values and low rates of fertility and female labor force participation make it an interesting case for examining the dynamics between parenthood transitions, household labor, and paid work. OBJECTIVESFocusing on comparisons between first and additional children, we examine how parenthood transitions affect wives' and husbands' respective provisions of household labor and the division of the labor within the couple, as well as how their employment status moderates these relationships.METHODSUsing the 2007, 2008, and 2010 waves of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (N = 10,263 couple-waves), we estimate fixed-effects regressions. The dependent variables are the time each spouse spends on household labor and the husband's share of the couple's total time spent on the labor. The key independent variables are the number of children and the number interacted with each spouse's employment status.RESULTSHousehold labor was gendered prior to the first birth. The child made both spouses provide more household labor; however, the increase was significantly larger for women. Women's employment buffered the increase to a limited extent. First and additional children had comparable impacts on all outcomes. CONTRIBUTIONIn Korea's gendered context, gender inequality in household labor increased further with first children, but not with additional children. The patterns persisted regardless of women's employment status, implying that first children might increase the double burden on employed women. Policy lessons are drawn to raise fertility and female labor force participation in Korea and other East Asian countries.
Download or read book Women in the Sky written by Hwasook Nam and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-15 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women in the Sky examines Korean women factory workers' century-long activism, from the 1920s to the present, with a focus on gender politics both in the labor movement and in the larger society. It highlights several key moments in colonial and postcolonial Korean history when factory women commanded the attention of the wider public, including the early-1930s rubber shoe workers' general strike in Pyongyang, the early-1950s textile workers' struggle in South Korea, the 1970s democratic union movement led by female factory workers, and women workers' activism against neoliberal restructuring in recent decades. Hwasook Nam asks why women workers in South Korea have been relegated to the periphery in activist and mainstream narratives despite a century of persistent militant struggle and indisputable contributions to the labor movement and successful democracy movement. Women in the Sky opens and closes with stories of high-altitude sit-ins—a phenomenon unique to South Korea—beginning with the rubber shoe worker Kang Churyong's sit-in in 1931 and ending with numerous others in today's South Korean labor movement, including that of Kim Jin-Sook. In Women in the Sky, Nam seeks to understand and rectify the vast gap between the crucial roles women industrial workers played in the process of Korea's modernization and their relative invisibility as key players in social and historical narratives. By using gender and class as analytical categories, Nam presents a comprehensive study and rethinking of the twentieth-century nation-building history of Korea through the lens of female industrial worker activism.
Download or read book Gender Inequality and the Division of Household Labor Comparisons Among China Japan South Korea and Taiwan written by Pi-chun Hsu and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation compares and explains the gender division of household labor in China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. I employed two sources of survey data, the 1997 East Asia Social Survey and the 2002 Family and Changing Gender Roles III of the International Social Survey Program. In addition, I conducted in-depth interviews with married men and women from the four countries.
Download or read book Income Inequality Between the Sexes and the Role of the State written by Jeong-Lim Nam and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Women Men and the International Division of Labor written by June C. Nash and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1984-06-30 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last few decades have witnessed a growing integration of the world system of production on the basis of a new relationship between less developed and highly industrialized countries. The effect is a geographical dispersion of the various production stages in the manufacturing process as the large corporations of industrialized "First World" countries are attracted by low labor costs, taxes, and relaxed production restrictions available in developing countries. This collection of papers focuses on inequalities among different sectors of the labor force, particularly those related to gender, and how these are affected by the changing international division of labor.
Download or read book The Incomplete Gender Revolution and A Crisis of Family in South Korea written by Joeun Kim and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most postindustrial societies have experienced a gender revolution as women advanced in the public sphere and populations adopt increasingly egalitarian attitudes toward gender in relation to the family, work, and politics. Yet men's views and behaviors have been slower to change than women's, and institutions--such as norms and practices in the family and the workplace--have resisted cultural pressure to fully embrace gender equality. My work focuses on South Korea (hereafter "Korea"), where men as well as work and family institutions have remained largely unsupportive of gender equality. Contemporary Korea is markedly different from other Western societies both in terms of family and work institutions. Despite women's advances in education and labor market (Park and Lee 2017), Confucian patriarchal ideology also continues to underpin family institutions in South Korea (Sung 2003). As such, the traditional marriage institution expects men to be family providers and women to remain subservient, focus on housework and childcare, and prioritize family over work and economic independence (Oh 2018; Raymo et al. 2015). In addition, the labor market in Korea is characterized by a strong ideal worker norm that promotes extreme long hours and dedication to work over any other responsibilities (Brinton and Oh 2019). In fact, Korean workers have averaged the longest work week and the highest prevalence of working 50 or more hours per week among high-income countries (OECD 2018). A culture of extreme long hours often keeps men from contributing to domestic responsibilities and helps maintain gender inequality in the family domain. I examine how this dynamic contributes to a "crisis of family" in Korea, which has recently experienced some of the largest declines in marriage and fertility in the world. National population projections in South Korea reveal that more than one-third of young men and a quarter of young women born in 1985 and after will never marry. My dissertation examines negative marital intentions and gender inequality within marriage through three distinct research papers. One of the most prominent theories of contemporary family trends, the gender revolution framework, predicts a return to "more family" in very low fertility societies as gender-egalitarian attitudes gains increasingly dominant normative status. In the first chapter, I provide a new theoretical explanation that links growing egalitarian ideals to a decline in family formation using the case of South Korea, which recently experienced a revolution in gender attitudes. This study first documents a new "gender war" that has played out online and offline in the last five years. The small, silent gender war that was ongoing online first received a significant public attention in 2015 with feminists' outcries over a small group of right-wing men's online grievances and slurs against young Korean women. The war intensified in May 2016 with a misogynistic murder of a young woman in public, which reinforced the burgeoning feminist movement and anti-patriarchal sentiments. Using archival and internet data, this study suggests that the murder increased public attention to misogyny and feminism, topics that have been largely ignored previously. This study then examines the associations between the timing of the murder and trends in egalitarian gender attitudes and age-specific marriage rates, separately. My findings show that trends in egalitarian attitudes, which were declining since 2009, significantly increased after 2016, particularly among young adults. In addition, age-specific marriage rates significantly declined after the quarterly-year of May 2016. These results suggest that young adults, whose awareness of entrenched misogyny and ideological support for gender equality recently grew, began to increasingly reject marriage. These findings suggest that young people's desires for gender equality may have clashed with persistently gendered expectations and practices within marriage. This chapter indicates that the relationship between progress towards egalitarian gender ideals and family formation may be negative in contexts where the traditional marriage institution remains resistant to change while young adults' ideals do not. My second and third chapters focus on labor market factors as important sources of the persistent gender inequality in the family and, first examining competing explanations for declining marital intentions in Korea and then investigating employment status and the division of domestic labor within marriage. The share of young adults intending to never marry is growing in East Asia, but there are competing explanations for this decision. My second dissertation chapter explores two possible explanations: demanding work conditions (constraints) and the desire to develop one's career (preference). Using data collected between 2015 to 2017 from a large, nationally representative sample of recent college graduates in South Korea (N = 50,331), the study examines the association between work demands and work-related attitudes and marriage intentions among women and men. Consistent with the demanding work hypothesis, results from logistic regressions showed that working 50 or more hours per week, commuting 2 or more hours per day, and working in professional occupations increased the likelihood of expressing negative marital intentions for both women and men. Access to family leave policies decreased the likelihood of intending to avoid marriage for women only. Contrary to the preference for work hypothesis, results showed that individuals who value personal growth and self-interest as the important quality in a job were less likely to have negative marital intentions. The positive associations between work demands and negative marital intentions were largely unaffected by work-related attitudes. Overall, the findings support the demanding work hypothesis in explaining negative marital intentions among young people in Korea and provide important implications for family-friendly workplace policies and arrangements. In the third chapter, I focus on the association between employment status and the division of domestic labor within marriage. A voluminous literature has shown that women's lower economic resources, relative to their spouses', decreases their bargaining power and increases their share of domestic labor within marriage. I examine the associations between women's contingent work, a type of devalued employment, and allocation of domestic labor in Korea, where there is a sharp divide in employment quality between permanent and contingent work. Using longitudinal data from 5,000 married women in Korea and fixed-effect analysis, this study reveals that women in contingent positions shoulder a greater share of domestic labor compared to women in permanent positions even after accounting for tangible rewards including wages and access to fringe benefits. I also find that the negative associations between women's income share and their housework share was weaker for women in contingent positions than for those in permanent positions. These results suggest that contingent employment may have deeper negative consequences on women's bargaining power in marriage. Ever greater numbers of young women are employed in insecure positions in Korea, which will have implications for gender inequality in the family domain in the future. In sum, my dissertation makes both theoretical and empirical contribution to our understanding of the linkages between gender inequality, employment conditions, and marriage decline. My findings have important implications for a range of public and private initiatives that could support gender equality and union formation in Korea. First, creating flexible and family-friendly workplace will help young adults form partnerships where they can combine work and family. Second, my findings also underscore the need for changes to the normative and institutional factors that continue to enforce traditional gender relations and behaviors among young adults to promote family formation in Korea.
Download or read book Why Gender Disparities Persist in South Korea s Labor Market written by Karen E. Dynan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Labor and Democracy written by Angela B. Cornell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-20 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are currently witnessing some of the greatest challenges to democratic regimes since the 1930s, with democratic institutions losing ground in numerous countries throughout the world. At the same time organized labor has been under assault worldwide, with steep declines in union density rates. In this timely handbook, scholars in law, political science, history, and sociology explore the role of organized labor and the working class in the historical construction of democracy. They analyze recent patterns of democratic erosion, examining its relationship to the political weakening of organized labor and, in several cases, the political alliances forged by workers in contexts of nationalist or populist political mobilization. The volume breaks new ground in providing cross-regional perspectives on labor and democracy in the United States, Europe, Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Beyond academia, this volume is essential reading for policymakers and practitioners concerned with the relationship between labor and democracy.
Download or read book The Division of Domestic Labor Over Retirement Among Older Couples in Korea written by Erin Hye-Won Kim and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objectives. Despite the rapid aging of populations and an increase in labor force participation among older women, little is known about how older adults divide domestic labor within the couple and how the labor division changes over retirement in developed Asian countries, where expectations of traditional gender roles and family-dependent care systems still prevail.Methods. Using data from the 2012, 2014, and 2016 waves of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families, we first describe housework and care provided by Korean couples aged 50-64 and those aged 65 or over. Next, using couple-fixed effects regressions, we examine how the provision changes with the husband's and the wife's respective retirements and other common covariates. Results. Older Koreans spent more time on housework than care. For both housework and care, the gender gap was large. Among couples aged 50-64, the retiree's housework increased and the spouse's decreased regardless of the sex of the retiree, but the size of these effects was small. Among couples aged 65 or over, the spouse's housework declined with the wife's retirement only. Retirement was hardly associated with care labor. Intergenerational coresidence was an important factor associated with domestic labor arrangements in later life. Discussion. With the continuity in the gendered division of domestic labor in later life, older women in Korea, and other gendered Asian countries, may suffer from work-family conflict as their labor force participation increases.
Download or read book Gender Politics at Home and Abroad written by Hyaeweol Choi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-30 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Choi examines how global Christian networks facilitated the flow of ideas, people and material culture, shaping gendered modernity in Korea.
Download or read book Under Construction written by Laurel Kendall and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Fact Sheet Under Construction provides an illuminating portrait of south Korean gender construction in the 1990s--a decade that saw the return to civilian rule, a loosening of censorship & social control, & the emergence of a full-blown consumer culture.
Download or read book Militarized Modernity and Gendered Citizenship in South Korea written by Seungsook Moon and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-30 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This pathbreaking study presents a feminist analysis of the politics of membership in the South Korean nation over the past four decades. Seungsook Moon examines the ambitious effort by which South Korea transformed itself into a modern industrial and militarized nation. She demonstrates that the pursuit of modernity in South Korea involved the construction of the anticommunist national identity and a massive effort to mold the populace into useful, docile members of the state. This process, which she terms “militarized modernity,” treated men and women differently. Men were mobilized for mandatory military service and then, as conscripts, utilized as workers and researchers in the industrializing economy. Women were consigned to lesser factory jobs, and their roles as members of the modern nation were defined largely in terms of biological reproduction and household management. Moon situates militarized modernity in the historical context of colonialism and nationalism in the twentieth century. She follows the course of militarized modernity in South Korea from its development in the early 1960s through its peak in the 1970s and its decline after rule by military dictatorship ceased in 1987. She highlights the crucial role of the Cold War in South Korea’s militarization and the continuities in the disciplinary tactics used by the Japanese colonial rulers and the postcolonial military regimes. Moon reveals how, in the years since 1987, various social movements—particularly the women’s and labor movements—began the still-ongoing process of revitalizing South Korean civil society and forging citizenship as a new form of membership in the democratizing nation.
Download or read book Of Common Cloth written by Wendy Chapkis and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conference papers on woman worker textile workers and clothing workers in the global textile industry and clothing industry - discusses wages, working conditions, impact of international subcontracting, racial discrimination, sexual division of labour, trade unionization, militancy, strikes, collective agreements, etc.; includes case studies; stresses the need for protective statutory provisions and solidarity. ILO mentioned. Map, photographs and references. List of participants. Conference held in Amsterdam 1982 Oct.
Download or read book Gender and Labour in Korea and Japan written by Ruth Barraclough and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-09-10 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores gender, labour and class in Korea and Japan, both during the twentieth century and today. It shows how sexuality is inscribed in working-class identities, demonstrating that sexual and labor relations have been crucial factors in shaping the cultures of industrialization in both Japan and Korea.
Download or read book The Gendered Politics of the Korean Protestant Right written by Nami Kim and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-01 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a critical feminist analysis of the Korean Protestant Right’s gendered politics. Specifically, the volume explores the Protestant Right’s responses and reactions to the presumed weakening of hegemonic masculinity in Korea’s post-hypermasculine developmentalism context. Nami Kim examines three phenomena: Father School (an evangelical men’s manhood and fatherhood restoration movement), the anti-LGBT movement, and Islamophobia/anti-Muslim racism. Although these three phenomena may look unrelated, Kim asserts that they represent the Protestant Right’s distinct yet interrelated ways of engaging the contested hegemonic masculinity in Korean society. The contestation over hegemonic masculinity is a common thread that runs through and connects these three phenomena. The ways in which the Protestant Right has engaged the contested hegemonic masculinity have been in relation to “others,” such as women, sexual minorities, gender nonconforming people, and racial, ethnic, and religious minorities.