Download or read book Gender Differences the Effect of Promotional Techniques on Fan Attendance at MLB Games During a Losing Season written by Melanie Mount and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Game day Promotions on Increasing Game Attendance and Fan Engagement for Major League Baseball Teams written by Andrea Weed and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study applies contingency theory to analyze how effective promotions are at increasing attendance and facilitating fan engagement. Contingency theory framework assumes there is neither a best way to organize nor is any strategy equally effective (Galbraith, 1973; Shank & Lyberger, 2014). This is consistent with the results from this study, as there were significant findings but no clear or definitive answers. This study utilized an online survey of MLB consumers ages 18 or older that attended a game during 2014 or 2015, within 150 miles of an MLB ballpark, and without season tickets (N = 382). Scale psychometrics for identity antecedents and motivations was used to analyze areas of fan engagement. Multiple linear regression equations were completed, indicating that the effect of external contingencies on willingness to attend games varies within levels of fan engagement, and appeal of game-day promotions varies within levels of fan engagement. A comparison of means also found that effect of promotions on willingness to attend games does not vary within promotional categories. The findings support contingency theory and provide important implications for next-step strategies for scholarship and industry.

Download or read book The Effect of Jumbotron Advertising on the Experience of Attending Major League Baseball Games written by Trevor Kraus and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study explores the dynamics of jumbotron advertising at Major League Baseball games and the effect it has on fans at those games. In order to execute the study, the researcher traveled to 12 different Major League Baseball stadiums. Two methods were employed in the pursuit of this study: ethnographic interviews and particpant-observer observation. For the most part, the two methods revealed similar data. Although the breadth of the study was not large enough to make sweeping conclusions, the data indicate that jumbotron advertising, outside of a few features that appear, does not have a dramatic effect on the experience of attending games. For example, it does not increase attendance at Major League Baseball games. However, when certain, less frequent advertisements features are displayed, they have the effect of making fans more educated about the game through replays and statistics and more apt to cheer. Additionally, the researcher observed that jumbotron advertisements appear almost exclusively between innings, when play is not taking place.

Download or read book Does Bat Day Make Cents written by Mark McDonald and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A primary objective of sport marketers in the professional sport setting is to develop strategies to increase game attendance. Historically, one of the strategies to accomplish this goal has been the utilization of special promotions. This paper studied the impact of promotions on attendance at professional sport games. Specifically, this research examines (1) the overall effect of promotions on attendance, and (2) the marginal impact on attendance of additional promotional days. Using a data set containing 1500 observations, we find that a promotion increases single game attendance by about 14%. Additionally, increasing the number of promotions has a negative effect on the marginal impact of each promotion. The loss from this watering down effect, however, is outweighed by the gain from having an extra promotion day.

Download or read book An Investigation of Promotional Events and Other Factors that Affect the Attendance on Sporting Events written by Jung Heon Kim and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A General Multiple Distributed Lag Framework for Estimating the Dynamic Effects of Promotions written by Wayne S. DeSarbo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Game attendance resulting from ticket sales is the single largest revenue stream for Major League Baseball (MLB) teams. We propose a general multiple distributed lag framework following the Koyck family of models for estimating MLB attendance drivers and focus specifically on the differential direct and carryover effects of in-game promotions. By setting various model constraints, the proposed framework incorporates different forms of serial correlation and promotion-specific dynamic effects. Using information model-selection heuristics, we select an optimal model of attendance drivers for the Pittsburgh Pirates' 2010-2012 MLB seasons. We demonstrate that our newly proposed model with an unrestricted serial correlation structure performs best. We find that although kids promotions have the highest direct effect on attendance, giveaway and entertainment promotions have substantial carryover effects and the largest total effects. We use our results to optimize the Pirates' promotional schedule and find that a reallocation of resources across promotional categories can increase profits between 39% and 88%.

Download or read book The Relationship Between Promotions and Attendance at Major League Baseball Games written by Michael J. Lucas and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Relative Effectiveness of Marketing Techniques on the Attendance of Minor Professional Hockey Teams written by Anne Vaughan and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to determine the relative effects of selected marketing techniques on the attendance of minor professional hockey teams during two stages of a playing season. Twenty-six marketing techniques comprised a questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale to describe the degree of relative importance each marketing technique had on attendance from the view of the population of 28 marketing directors in the American (AHL) and International (IHL) Hockey Leagues. It was hypothesized that no differences would exist in marketing techniques between high and low attendance teams during two stages of the playing season, and that no differences would exist in marketing techniques between winning and losing teams during two stages of the season. Descriptive statistics were used to determine general trends in the data and independent samples t-tests were used to test for significant differences. The response rate was 93% and significant differences resulted. Marketing techniques generating differences for high and low attendance teams were media relations, and ticket options and incentives during the first half of the season. Winning and losing teams differed significantly for media sponsorships during the first half of the season, and for ticket options and incentives, and signage during the second half. This study provided information regarding the marketing environment and the marketing activities of minor professional hockey teams and indicated a further need to study marketing techniques used in different sports.

Download or read book Word of Mouth and Social Media written by Allan J. Kimmel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection examines a key new development in the contemporary marketing landscape, the relationship between the informal exchange of information and advice among consumers – known as word of mouth (WOM) – and emerging social media. Whereas WOM has been around since as long as people have engaged in conversations, its transmission is no longer limited to face-to-face interactions over the clothesline and across backyard fences. Today, the dissemination of WOM through online channels such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube channels, blogs, and consumer forums has significantly altered the alacrity by which product and service messages are spread across a dramatically expanded consumer audience. As marketing practitioners have come to recognize the power of online WOM in terms of its impact on consumer beliefs, attitudes, and purchasing behavior, effective strategies for leveraging the consumer conversation require greater insight and understanding of WOM and social media. Towards that end, this book offers ground-breaking research from an impressive array of internationally renowned marketing researchers on the nature and dynamics of WOM transmitted through social media channels, advancing our understanding of consumer influence, which to date has largely focused on offline WOM. Among the topical issues covered are best practices for marketing practitioners, the conversational nature of online WOM, the dynamic interplay between online and offline WOM, WOM measurement and monitoring, and cross-cultural influences on WOM. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Marketing Communications.

Download or read book Sport Fans written by Daniel L. Wann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sports, and the fans that follow them, are everywhere. Sport Fans: The Psychology and Social Impact of Fandom examines the affective, behavioral, and cognitive reactions of fans to better comprehend how sport impacts individual fans and society as a whole. Using up-to-date research and theory from multiple disciplines including psychology, sociology, marketing, history, and religious studies, this textbook provides a deeper understanding of topics such as: the pervasiveness of sport fandom in society common demographic and personality characteristics of fans how fandom can provide a sense of belonging, of uniqueness, and of meaning in life the process of becoming a sport fan sport fan consumption and the future of sport and the fan experience. The text also provides a detailed investigation of the darker side of sport fandom, including fan aggression, as well as a critical look at the positive value of fandom for individuals and society. Sport Fans expertly combines a rigorous level of empirical research and theory in an engaging, accessible format, making this text the essential resource on sport fan behavior.

Download or read book Women Sport Fans written by Kim Toffoletti and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-06-26 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women worldwide are making their presence felt as sport fans in rapidly increasing numbers. This book makes a distinctive and innovative contribution to the study of sport fandom by exploring the growing visibility and interest in women who follow sport. It presents the latest data on women’s sport spectatorship in different regions of the world, posing new theoretical paradigms to study the globalised nature of female sport fandom. This book goes beyond conventional approaches to analysing the practices of women sport fans. By using a critical feminist perspective to investigate cultural conditions and social contexts (including globalisation, digital networked technologies, consumerism, neoliberalism and postfeminism), it brings into view a diversity of women’s voices and experiences as sport fans. It sheds new light on the power dynamics of gender, ethnicity and sexuality influencing women’s participation in sport spectatorship and interrogates the ways female sport fandom is made visible through transnational media networks. Women Sport Fans: Identification, Participation, Representation is fascinating reading for all those interested in sport and gender, the sociology of sport, or women’s studies.

Download or read book Sport and Its Female Fans written by Kim Toffoletti and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do women follow sports? What can female fandom tell us about gender relations in sport? This book explores these questions by bringing together the varied strands of research being conducted internationally across the social sciences and humanities on this emerging and topical field.

Download or read book The Global Football Industry written by James J. Zhang and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-01-29 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, football’s status as "the world’s sport" has shown little sign of waning. From increasing participation at grassroots levels and to the highly lucrative media rights deals secured by the top elite clubs, the game appears to be thriving as it continues to excite and enthral billions of people around the globe. Nevertheless, there are a number of challenges and opportunities facing the football industry today that warrant further examination. This book brings together leading international researchers to survey the current state of the global football industry, exploring contemporary themes and issues in the marketing of football around the world. With contributions from Europe, Asia and the Americas, it discusses key topics such as football club management, the economics of the football industry, match-fixing, social media, fan experiences, the globalized marketplace, and the growing popularity of the women’s game. Offering insights for researchers, managers, and marketers who are looking to stay ahead of the game, The Global Football Industry: Marketing Perspectives is essential reading for anyone with an interest in international sport business.

Download or read book Managing People in Sport Organizations written by Tracy Taylor and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-01-09 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing People in Sport Organizations provides a comprehensive overview of the theory and practice of managing people within a strategic framework. This revised and updated second edition examines a range of strategic human resource management approaches that can be used by sport organizations to respond to contemporary challenges and to develop a sustainable performance culture. Drawing on well-established conceptual frameworks and current empirical research, the book systematically covers every key area of HRM theory and practice, including: recruitment training and development performance management and appraisal motivation and reward organizational culture employee relations diversity managing change This new edition also includes expanded coverage of social media, volunteers, and individuals within organizations, and is supported with a new companion website carrying additional resources for students and instructors, including PowerPoint slides, exam questions and useful web links. No other book offers such an up-to-date introduction to core concepts and key professional skills in HRM in sport, and therefore Managing People in Sport Organizations is essential reading for any sport management student or any HR professional working in sport.

Download or read book Leading Teams written by Paolo Guenzi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-22 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Important new insights on team leadership and motivation, along with powerful tools and techniques taken from the world of sports How do the sports world's most successful coaches instill their teams with esprit de corps, a collaborative mindset, and an unbeatable desire to win? More importantly, what can business leaders and managers learn from their example? This book answers these and a host of key questions about what it takes to be a successful leader in business or in sports. Drawing upon their unique experiences working with top sports coaches, as well as some of the world's leading corporate executives, authors Dino Ruta and Paolo Guenzi offer important new insights into team leadership and motivation, as well as new tools for optimizing teamwork and inspiring teams to reach for and achieve new heights of glory. Develops a bold new team leadership model for managers at all levels, team leaders, project managers and facilitators, as well as sport coaches Arms you with powerful tools and techniques adapted from the world of sport for optimizing teamwork, driving motivating and instilling an unstoppable desire to win An indispensable source of insight and ideas for executives and managers in companies of all sizes, and an important supplement for postgraduate management programs

Download or read book Strategic Sport Communication written by Paul M. Pedersen and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2024-04-10 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sport continues to experience unprecedented popularity, with growth driven by the evolving ways in which sport teams, athletes, and media communicate with their audiences and fan bases. In turn, the dynamic world of sport communication offers burgeoning career opportunities for students skilled in communication and passionate about sport. No other college text explains the nuances of the field more effectively than Strategic Sport Communication. Now in its fourth edition, the text blends theory and research with practical approaches and current examples to provide students with a comprehensive examination of all aspects of sport communication. The text boasts an unparalleled authorship team of international sport communication scholars, educators, and practitioners and aligns with the Common Professional Component topics outlined by the Commission on Sport Management Accreditation (COSMA). The updated edition features a two-part structure. The opening chapters present the history of the field, career opportunities available to aspiring sport communicators, and an examination of the intersection between sport communication and today’s sociological and cultural issues, such as gender and sexuality, race and ethnicity, and nationalism. Part II is dedicated to the Strategic Sport Communication Model (SSCM), bridging theory and practice by detailing the three main components of sport communication: personal and organizational aspects of sport communication, mediated communication in sport, and sport communication services and support systems. Mass media and their shifting and converging roles in the sport communication space are explored, while special attention is given to digital sport media, including Internet usage in sport and the Model for Online Sport Communication (MOSC), espousing seven central aspects of sport websites. The text is rounded out by chapters focusing on integrated marketing communication, including advertising, sponsorships, athlete endorsements, and data analytics; public relations and crisis communications; and sport communication research. Additional updates and new features of the fourth edition include the following: The suite of instructor ancillaries and student resources is the most comprehensive of any sport communication text. These resources are delivered in HKPropel, with case studies and Issues in Sport Communication activities and questions assignable to students within this platform. The Digital, Mobile, and Social Media in Sport chapter has been updated to address the latest technological advancements, such as mobile devices, social media, influencers, streaming services and video, virtual reality, and augmented reality. New case studies, job listings, and sport communicator profiles are included in each chapter, providing examples of sport communication in action and highlighting key players in the industry and career opportunities for students. Strategic Sport Communication, Fourth Edition, presents a comprehensive examination of the evolving field of sport communication and prepares students for an exciting and fulfilling career in this burgeoning field. Note: A code for accessing HKPropel is not included with this ebook but may be purchased separately.

Download or read book Management Information Systems written by Kenneth C. Laudon and published by Pearson Educación. This book was released on 2004 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Management Information Systems provides comprehensive and integrative coverage of essential new technologies, information system applications, and their impact on business models and managerial decision-making in an exciting and interactive manner. The twelfth edition focuses on the major changes that have been made in information technology over the past two years, and includes new opening, closing, and Interactive Session cases.