Download or read book Gender Differences in Trauma Exposure PTSD and Substance Use Relationships in a College Sample written by Chelsea Mackey and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluated gender differences in the relationship between trauma exposure, PTSD, and substance use (alcohol use, drinking consequences, and marijuana use) in a large college sample. It also examined the role of trauma types and PTSD symptom clusters in predicting substance use within trauma-exposed participants. The sample was collected through a multi-site study and included 3,753 undergraduate students (61% female) from two west-coast colleges. Moderation and multivariate regression analyses were conducted using cross-sectional data from participants’ self-report questionnaires. There were significant gender-related differences and interactions between gender and trauma exposure/PTSD-status in rates of substance use, drinking consequences, and risky drinking behaviors. Furthermore, emotional numbing symptoms and physical assault were most strongly associated with increased drinking consequences and marijuana use. College campuses should work to implement preventative and treatment interventions for students most at risk for engaging in risky substance use and experiencing negative consequences.

Download or read book Gender and PTSD written by Rachel Kimerling and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2002-08-19 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current research and clinical observations suggest pronounced gender-based differences in the ways people respond to traumatic events. Most notably, women evidence twice the rate of PTSD as men following traumatic exposure. This important volume brings together leading clinical scientists to analyze the current state of knowledge on gender and PTSD. Cogent findings are presented on gender-based differences and influences in such areas as trauma exposure, risk factors, cognitive and physiological processes, comorbidity, and treatment response. Going beyond simply cataloging gender-related data, the book explores how the research can guide us in developing more effective clinical services for both women and men. Incorporating cognitive, biological, physiological, and sociocultural perspectives, this is an essential sourcebook and text.

Download or read book Trauma Exposure and PTSD Among Female Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence written by Haley Allyne Miles-McLean and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research has indicated that men's perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) is related to their trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, less is known about this relationship for women who perpetrate IPV. The present study evaluated trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, and IPV perpetration among a sample of women (n=32) receiving treatment at an Abuse Intervention Program (AIP). Comparison analyses were conducted with a demographically similar sample of men at the same AIP (n=64). Most women reported experiencing at least one type of traumatic event exposure, with the most common exposure being IPV victimization. Two calculation methods for probable PTSD were used and based on these methods 14 (43.8%) or 11 (34.4%) of the women met probable PTSD criteria. Bivariate correlations indicated that women's emotional aggression perpetration was associated with medium and large effects with trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms. Regression analyses revealed that women's PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with perpetration of physical and emotional aggression when controlling for substance use. Analyses examining PTSD symptoms as a mediator of the association between trauma exposure and perpetration revealed that for all models the indirect effect of PTSD symptoms was significant. Comparison to the men's sample revealed that women reported being IPV victims significantly more often than men. Women also had higher rates of probable PTSD and reported greater PTSD symptoms on most subscales. Analyses evaluating gender as a moderator of the relation between trauma symptoms and IPV perpetration revealed no significant interactions. These findings suggest that, similar to men, trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms are an important consideration in women's perpetration. Further, they indicate that women in treatment for IPV may have different clinical needs given the high rate of probable PTSD and exposure to interpersonal violence.

Download or read book The End of Trauma written by George A. Bonanno and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With “groundbreaking research on the psychology of resilience” (Adam Grant), a top expert on human trauma argues that we vastly overestimate how common PTSD is in and fail to recognize how resilient people really are. After 9/11, mental health professionals flocked to New York to handle what everyone assumed would be a flood of trauma cases. Oddly, the flood never came. In The End of Trauma, pioneering psychologist George A. Bonanno argues that we failed to predict the psychological response to 9/11 because most of what we understand about trauma is wrong. For starters, it’s not nearly as common as we think. In fact, people are overwhelmingly resilient to adversity. What we often interpret as PTSD are signs of a natural process of learning how to deal with a specific situation. We can cope far more effectively if we understand how this process works. Drawing on four decades of research, Bonanno explains what makes us resilient, why we sometimes aren’t, and how we can better handle traumatic stress. Hopeful and humane, The End of Trauma overturns everything we thought we knew about how people respond to hardship.

Download or read book Mental Health written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Complex PTSD and Its Relationship to Mental Health and Substance Abuse Outcomes in a Forensic Sample written by Paulette Giarratano and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AbstractComplex trauma has been associated with symptoms of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD), which are often reflected in range of mental health and substance abuse problems. This dissertation examined a mediation model of complex trauma (i.e., childhood abuse) and risk of problematic substance use in a forensic sample through a secondary analysis. C-PTSD severity and various mental health outcomes were hypothesized to mediate the relationship between child abuse and problematic substance use. Findings support mediation in some instances, but C-PTSD was found to be more consistently associated with mental health problems than childhood abuse, and substance abuse problems than childhood abuse or mental health problems. The number of types of traumatic exposure also was associated with both C-PTSD severity and the number of mental health diagnoses, consistent with cumulative trauma perspectives. Thus, it appears that C-PTSD may be a sequela of complex trauma (childhood abuse and multiple subsequent types of trauma) that has a relationship with the complexity of mental health problems, as well as a relationship with substance abuse problems, independent of mental health problems, particularly Axis I diagnoses (including PTSD). In addition, women were found to have more severe C-PTSD compared to men, but as a result of women having greater exposure to childhood abuse. Overall, the findings from this dissertation extend support for C-PTSD and its contribution to mental health and substance use problems.

Download or read book Posttraumatic Growth written by Richard G. Tedeschi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Posttraumatic Growth reworks and overhauls the seminal 2006 Handbook of Posttraumatic Growth. It provides a wide range of answers to questions concerning knowledge of posttraumatic growth (PTG) theory, its synthesis and contrast with other theories and models, and its applications in diverse settings. The book starts with an overview of the history, components, and outcomes of PTG. Next, chapters review quantitative, qualitative, and cross-cultural research on PTG, including in relation to cognitive function, identity formation, cross-national and gender differences, and similarities and differences between adults and children. The final section shows readers how to facilitate optimal outcomes with PTG at the level of the individual, the group, the community, and society.

Download or read book Gender Differences In Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD written by Srebrenka Bise and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background and Aims:There are gender differences in the type of trauma exposure, presentation of illness, and comorbidities. Some of these differences are clearly societal and nonbiologically based, but it is also clear that the biologic systems altered in PTSD may modulate or be modulated by sex hormones. Cortisol is the final mediator of the hypothalamic/adrenal/pituitary (HPA) response, and there is an elevation of cortisol in the normal stress response. Individuals with PTSD have low circulating levels of cortisol. Different types of traumas carry different risks for the development of PTSD, and there are also gender differences.To examine gender differences in patients with PTSD.Methods:Study included 22 patients. Statistical analysis was performed.Results:Among patients were 12 man and 10 women. Lifetime prevalence of traumatic events was slightly higher in men than in women. The risk for PTSD following traumatic experiences was higher in women than in men. This gender difference was primarily due to women's greater risk of PTSD following events that involved assaultive violence. Women are more likely to have symptoms of numbing and avoidance and men are more likely to have the associated features of irritability and impulsiveness. Men are more likely to have comorbid substance use disorders and women are more likely to have comorbid mood and anxiety disorders. Duration of PTSD was longer in women than in men.Conclusions:There are gender differences in the prevalence and comorbidity presentation in PTSD in patients with PTSD. There are difference in the use therapy based on gender and comorbid diseases.

Download or read book Disentangling the Directions of Influence Among Trauma Exposure Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Alcohol and Drug Problems written by Moira Haller and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study utilized longitudinal data from a high-risk community sample (n= 377; 166 trauma-exposed; 54% males; 52% children of alcoholics; 73% non-Hispanic/Latino Caucasian; 22% Hispanic/Latino; 5% other ethnicity) to test a series of hypotheses that may help explain the risk pathways that link traumatic stress, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology, and problematic alcohol and drug use. Specifically, this study examined whether pre-trauma substance use problems increase risk for trauma exposure (the high-risk hypothesis) or PTSD symptoms (the susceptibility hypothesis), whether PTSD symptoms increase risk for later alcohol/drug problems (the self-medication hypothesis), and whether the association between PTSD symptoms and alcohol/drug problems is due to shared risk factors (the shared vulnerability hypothesis). This study also examined the roles of gender and ethnicity in these pathways. A series of logistic and negative binomial regressions were performed in a path analysis framework. A composite pre-trauma family adversity variable was formed from measures of family conflict, family life stress, parental alcoholism, and other parent psychopathology. Results provided the strongest support for the self-medication hypothesis, such that PTSD symptoms predicted higher levels of later alcohol and drug problems among non-Hispanic/Latino Caucasian participants, over and above the influences of pre-trauma family adversity, pre-trauma substance use problems, trauma exposure, and demographic variables. Results partially supported the high-risk hypothesis, such that adolescent substance use problems had a marginally significant unique effect on risk for assaultive violence exposure but not on overall risk for trauma exposure. There was no support for the susceptibility hypothesis, as pre-trauma adolescent substance use problems did not significantly influence risk for PTSD diagnosis/symptoms over and above the influence of pre-trauma family adversity. Finally, there was little support for the shared vulnerability hypothesis. Neither trauma exposure nor preexisting family adversity accounted for the link between PTSD symptoms and later substance use problems. These results add to a growing body of literature in support of the self-medication hypothesis. Findings extend previous research by showing that PTSD symptoms may influence the development of alcohol and drug problems over and above the influence of trauma exposure itself, preexisting family risk factors, and baseline levels of substance use.

Download or read book Investigating Severe Mental Illness Trauma PTSD Substance Use and Gender Differences in Clients Served by Assertive Community Treatment Teams written by Noor Sharif and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research shows that people with severe mental illness (SMI) have extensive trauma histories and higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than the general population. However, research also shows that both the trauma history and PTSD in people with SMIs are vastly unrecognized and untreated. Additionally, the relationships between SMI, trauma, PTSD, substance use, and other psychosocial factors is still not well understood, as there has been limited experimental research examining these relationships despite an awareness of their connections. The SMI-PTSD descriptive model was originally proposed by Mueser et al. (2002) to better understand these variables, and is often referenced in the literature, yet there is very little empirical evidence and understanding of how this model may differ by gender in people with SMI. Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) is an evidence-based treatment for those with SMI, yet the extent to which trauma is addressed within the ACT model is not consistently known, nor how the team's practitioners work with their clients on trauma-related issues and PTSD. By definition, all ACT clients have an SMI and represent a population with complex and intensive needs; therefore, a better understanding the population ACT serves, as well as how the teams work with the trauma present in their clients, will aid in providing better and more consistent treatment and care. This dissertation examines gender differences in the relationship between SMI, substance use, trauma, PTSD, psychosocial factors, the SMI-PTSD descriptive model, and attempts to ascertain the perspectives of ACT providers in working with trauma and PTSD in clients. In Study 1, I conducted retrospective chart reviews to extract information on trauma histories, PTSD, substance use, and psychosocial factors in 282 clients from four ACT teams (178 men, 104 women) to assess the gender differences in types of trauma, instances of PTSD, substances of choice, problematic substance use, and the SMI-PTSD model. Findings indicate that rates of sexual trauma, emotional abuse, serious suicide attempts, rates of trauma in adulthood, and PTSD are higher among women, whereas rates of alcohol, marijuana, and stimulant use as well as lifetime problematic substance use are higher among men. For the SMI-PTSD model, results suggest that the model better corresponds to the experiences and possible trajectory of men with SMI. In Study 2, I employed thematic analysis through interviewing ACT providers to better understand their perspectives on working with trauma and PTSD in clients. Five overarching themes with 21 sub-themes emerged. The five themes were the role and scope of ACT teams and model regarding trauma; discussions of trauma with clients; current treatment of trauma; barriers to working with trauma; and recommendations for enabling trauma discussions and treatment. These two studies have important implications for further research. Research should take gender identity into consideration when proposing and testing models, as Study 1 has demonstrated that two genders experience a well-accepted proposed model differently; this finding may be applicable to people of all genders, as well as other models. Further research could be done to gather perspectives from workers on the strengths and challenges of the ACT model. Future work should also include the views of ACT clients to get a fuller picture of their experience with receiving care for their trauma experiences. Clinically, health care providers should better recognize and treat PTSD and traumatic-stress symptoms of people with SMI. Doing so will ensure that health-care is moving towards trauma-informed practice on a systemic level.

Download or read book Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder written by Evelyn J. Bromet and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first systematic analysis of the rates, risk factors, consequences and global burden of trauma and PTSD across the globe.

Download or read book Trauma and Substance Abuse written by Paige Ouimette and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 2003 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trauma and Substance Abuse explores the underrecognized connection between trauma, substance use, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Patients with trauma related distress such as PTSD often have comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs). This book presents cutting-edge research on how often the two disorders co-occur and why. Authors describe models of comorbidity and explore how specific PTSD and substance use symptoms are functionally related to each other. In addition, they suggest assessment approaches and practice guidelines to facilitate proper diagnosis and treatment. Particularly valuable are descriptions of several new treatment approaches that have been developed specifically for PTSD-SUD, including cognitive-behavioral and exposure therapy. This is the first book to evaluate and synthesize the two fields of PTSD and substance use disorder research and treatment. This volume is indispensable for researchers and clinicians seeking a full understanding of the etiology, assessment, and treatment of this challenging dual diagnosis.

Download or read book Problems of Drug Dependence written by College on Problems of Drug Dependence (U.S.). Scientific Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book National Survey on Drug Abuse written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The WHO World Mental Health Surveys written by Ronald C. Kessler and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-08-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides mental health professionals and healthcare policy planners with an unprecedented reference on the cross-national descriptive epidemiology of mental disorders.

Download or read book Women s Mental Health Across the Lifespan written by Kathleen A. Kendall-Tackett and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women’s Mental Health Across the Lifespan examines women’s mental health from a developmental perspective, looking at key stressors and strengths from adolescence to old age. Chapters focus in detail on specific stressors and challenges that can impact women’s mental health, such as trauma, addictions, and mood and anxiety disorders. This book also examines racial and ethnic disparities in women’s physical and mental health, mental health of sexual minorities and women with disabilities, and women in the military, and includes valuable suggestions for putting knowledge into practice.

Download or read book Gender as a Moderator of the Relations Between Potentially Traumatic Events Ptsd Symptoms and Alcohol Use Disorder Symptoms Among Young Adults written by Jodi D. Bremer-Landau and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Potentially traumatic events (PTEs), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms can significantly impair functioning (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000). Understanding the relationships between PTEs, PTSD symptoms, and AUD symptoms and how these relationships may differ by gender among young adults, in particular, can be informative for providing multiculturally-sensitive early intervention efforts. Thus, the aim of the current study was to build upon existing research by being one of the first studies to examine the relationships between PTEs, PTSD symptoms, and AUD symptoms and to investigate whether gender moderates these relationships. The study utilized data from the Drug Use Trajectories: Ethnic/Racial Comparisons 1998-2002 (Turner, 2011). Data for PTEs, PTSD symptoms, and AUD symptoms at two waves were obtained from the Michigan Composite International Diagnostic Interview, DSM-IV version (Johnson, Turner, & Iwata, 2003) and selected modules from the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule (e.g., Robins, Helzer, Croughan, & Ratcliff, 1981). Path analysis was conducted to examine eight research hypotheses exploring the relationships between the aforementioned variables and gender as moderator. Eight out of the twelve paths were found to be statistically significant, and of the eight significant paths, seven confirmed hypotheses. With regards to gender, three out of the twelve paths were moderated by gender, which confirmed one of the three related hypotheses. Results provide important implications for research and practice.