Download or read book Trade and Gender written by Anh-Nga Tran-Nguyen and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Equal rights between men and women are enshrined as a fundamental human right in the UN Charter, and reflected in various internationally agreed instruments, such as the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the 1995 Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. Although there has been notable progress in some areas, in most nations women are still at a disadvantage in terms of their role and position in the economic and political arenas. This publication examines the gender dimension of trade and seeks to identify policy challenges and responses to promote gender equality in light of increasing globalisation. Issues discussed include: economics of gender equality, international trade and development; multilateral negotiations on agriculture in developing countries; gender-related issues in the textiles and clothing sectors; international trade in services; gender and the TRIPS Agreement; the impact of WTO rules on gender equality; human rights aspects; fair trade initiatives; the role of IT in promoting gender equality, the Gender Trade Impact Assessment and trade reform.
Download or read book Women and Trade written by World Bank;World Trade Organization and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-09-04 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade can dramatically improve women’s lives, creating new jobs, enhancing consumer choices, and increasing women’s bargaining power in society. It can also lead to job losses and a concentration of work in low-skilled employment. Given the complexity and specificity of the relationship between trade and gender, it is essential to assess the potential impact of trade policy on both women and men and to develop appropriate, evidence-based policies to ensure that trade helps to enhance opportunities for all. Research on gender equality and trade has been constrained by limited data and a lack of understanding of the connections among the economic roles that women play as workers, consumers, and decision makers. Building on new analyses and new sex-disaggregated data, Women and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality aims to advance the understanding of the relationship between trade and gender equality and to identify a series of opportunities through which trade can improve the lives of women.
Download or read book Trade Reforms Poverty and Inequality in Bangladesh written by Bodrun Nahar and published by Nova Science Pub Incorporated. This book was released on 2014-01-01 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade liberalisation reforms in Bangladesh have been accompanied by impressive economic growth and substantial reductions in poverty. Nevertheless, there is concern that increasing inequality has limited the poverty-reducing impact of economic growth. Against this backdrop, the present study uses a multi-sectoral, multi-factor and multi-household computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to simulate the short-run and long-run effects of the unilateral elimination of import tariffs on poverty and inequality in Bangladesh. In doing so, the study also explores the effects on macroeconomic performance, on output and employment in individual industries, on employment by gender and skill groups, and on household income and consumption of various socio-economic groups. Recognising the perceived risk that the loss of tariff revenue might lead to unsustainably large fiscal deficits, the study simulates the effects of the removal of tariffs, both with and without an endogenously determined consumption tax to compensate for the loss of tariff revenue. In the long run, in both rural and urban areas, the removal of tariffs without a compensatory consumption tax brings significant reductions in poverty accompanied by declines in inequality. With the introduction of a consumption tax, poverty and inequality still fall in the long run, but in each case to a smaller extent. This book provides a significant contribution to understanding of the trade-poverty-inequality nexus in Bangladesh. Its comprehensive, in-depth, yet accessible analysis should arouse the interest of a wide-ranging readership that includes trade negotiators, policy makers, academics, researchers, students and all who are interested in issues at the heart of the globalisation debate.
Download or read book Gender Mainstreaming in the Multilateral Trading System written by Mariama Williams and published by Commonwealth Secretariat. This book was released on 2003 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overview of the Multilateral Trading System (MTS) and the globalisation process (with a focus on the WTO); gender and governance in the Multilateral Trading System (MTS); gender and trade issues with a focus on the Agreement on Agriculture (AOA); General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS); Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), Trade Related Investment Measures (TRIMS) and Government procurement; Proposed action plan, including recommendations for actions on the key issues and identification of strategies that could be played by different stakeholders, governments, intergovernmental organisation and civil society.
Download or read book Women Reinventing Globalisation written by Caroline Sweetman and published by Oxfam. This book was released on 2003 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume analyses approaches to economic and political change and propose ways of ensuring that ideas are translated into concrete actions. The aim is to re-politicise the gender and development community with a solutions-oriented approach which looks at globalisation through women's eyes, and finds energising ideas.
Download or read book Globalization Trade and Poverty in Ghana written by Charles Ackah and published by IDRC. This book was released on 2012 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Citing a paucity of empirical evidence on the poverty and distributional impacts of trade policy reform in Ghana as the main motivation for this volume, the editors (both of the Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research at the U. of Ghana) present eleven papers that combine theory and econometric analysis in an effort to assess linkages between globalization, trade, and poverty (including gendered aspects). Specific topics examined include manufacturing employment and wage effects of trade liberalization; the influence of education on trade liberalization impacts on household welfare; trade liberalization and manufacturing firm productivity; the impact of elimination of trade taxes on poverty and income distribution; food prices, tax reforms, and consumer welfare under trade liberalization; impacts on tariff revenues; and impacts on cash cropping, gender, and household welfare; Distributed in the US by Stylus. Annotation ©2012 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Download or read book Gender and Trade Action Guide written by Catherine Atthill and published by Commonwealth Secretariat. This book was released on 2007-06-01 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanying CD-ROM contains ... "case studies, activities, training suggestions and recommended readings."--Page 4 of cover.
Download or read book Women s Economic Empowerment written by Kate Grantham and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-03-04 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the barriers to women’s economic empowerment in the Global South. Drawing on evidence from a wide range of countries, the book outlines important lessons and practical solutions for promoting gender equality. Despite global progress in closing gender gaps in education and health, women’s economic empowerment has lagged behind, with little evidence that economic growth promotes gender equality. International Development Research Centre’s (IDRC) Growth and Economic Opportunities for Women (GrOW) programme was set up to provide policy lessons, insights, and concrete solutions that could lead to advances in gender equality, particularly on the role of institutions and macroeconomic growth, barriers to labour market access for women, and the impact of women’s care responsibilities. This book showcases rigorous and multi-disciplinary research emerging from this ground-breaking programme, covering topics such as the school-to-work transition, child marriage, unpaid domestic work and childcare, labour market segregation, and the power of social and cultural norms that prevent women from fully participating in better paid sectors of the economy. With a range of rich case studies from Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Kenya, Nepal, Rwanda, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Uganda, this book is perfect for students, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working on women’s economic empowerment and gender equality in the Global South.
Download or read book Gender Budgets Make More Cents written by Debbie Budlender and published by Commonwealth Secretariat. This book was released on 2002 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprises ten papers which document "good practice" in gender budget work from across the globe.
Download or read book SDG8 Sustainable Economic Growth and Decent Work for All written by Madhavi Venkatesan and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SDG8 - Sustainable Economic Growth and Decent Work for All evaluates the rationale behind, and the historical and present implementation of, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG8). The goal aims to 'promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all.'
Download or read book Social Justice in the Globalization of Production written by Md Saidul Islam and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-26 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Md Saidul Islam and Md Ismail Hossain investigate how neoliberal globalization generates unique conditions, contradictions, and confrontations in labor, gender and environmental relations; and how a broader global social justice can mitigate the tensions and improve the conditions.
Download or read book Trade Liberalization written by Romain Wacziarg and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compelling two-volume collection presents the major literary contributions to the economic analysis of the consequences of trade liberalization on growth, productivity, labor market outcomes and economic inequality. Examining the classical theories that stress gains from trade stemming from comparative advantage, the selection also comprises more recent theories of imperfect competition, where any potential gains from trade can stem from competitive effects or the international transmission of knowledge. Empirical contributions provide evidence regarding the explanatory power of these various theories, including work on the effects of trade openness on economic growth, wages, and income inequality, as well as evidence on the effects of trade on firm productivity, entry and exit. Prefaced by an original introduction from the editor, the collection will to be an invaluable research resource for academics, practitioners and those drawn to this fascinating topic.
Download or read book Structural Transformation of Bangladesh Economy written by Mustafa K. Mujeri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the theory and global evidence on structural transformation along with stylised facts and implications using, among others, a dynamic panel model, for South Asia. The characteristics of the structural transformation process in Bangladesh bring out the relevance of a comprehensive and inclusive South Asian ‘brand’ in view of the challenges of large population size, high burden of poverty, rising inequalities and its compulsion to achieve rapid and sustained inclusive development. The analysis highlights several distinct characteristics of Bangladesh’s structural transformation including changes in value added, trade, employment, productivity, formal-informal jobs, and opportunities for low-skilled workers. The book suggests that the manufacturing sector could not create the required number of jobs and generate rapid absolute and relative productivity gains in the Bangladesh economy. Although the services sector has largely led output and employment growth, services subsectors with strong labour absorptive capacity have low average productivity. Hence, growth-enhancing structural transformation led by these subsectors is likely to be less dynamic than required for rapid employment-creating growth in the economy. The book’s analysis on COVID-19 and cyclone Amphan shows that an integrated disaster and development paradigm is needed for Bangladesh. An inclusive and health and well-being focused structural transformation presents the pathway to advance the people-centred approach to development in Bangladesh through both vulnerability reduction and investments in sustainable development that would offset both known and unknown disaster threats. The key for Bangladesh is to skillfully manage the ‘developer’s dilemma’ of achieving both structural transformation in terms of large productivity gains and inclusive growth for reducing poverty and rising inequalities. This book is relevant to students, academicians and development practitioners and others interested in contemporary development.
Download or read book Gender and Work in Global Value Chains written by Stephanie Barrientos and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the changing gender patterns of work in a global retail environment associated with the rise of contemporary retail and global sourcing. This has affected the working lives of hundreds of millions of workers in high-, middle- and low-income countries. The growth of contemporary retail has been driven by the commercialised production of many goods previously produced unpaid by women within the home. Sourcing is now largely undertaken through global value chains in low- or middle-income economies, using a 'cheap' feminised labour force to produce low-price goods. As women have been drawn into the labour force, households are increasingly dependent on the purchase of food and consumer goods, blurring the boundaries between paid and unpaid work. This book examines how gendered patterns of work have changed and explores the extent to which global retail opens up new channels to leverage more gender-equitable gains in sourcing countries.
Download or read book Exports to Jobs written by Erhan Artuc and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-02-25 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Asia has grown rapidly with significant reductions in poverty, but it has not been able to match the fast-growing working age population, leading to lingering concerns about jobless growth and poor job quality. Could export growth in South Asia result in better labor market outcomes? The answer is yes, according to our study, which rigorously estimates—using a new methodology—the potential impact from higher South Asian exports per worker on wages and employment over a 10-year period. Our study shows the positive side of trade. It finds that increasing exports per worker would result in higher wages—mainly for better-off groups, like more educated workers, males, and more-experienced workers—although less-skilled workers would see the largest reduction in informality. How can the benefits be spread more widely? Our study suggests that scaling up exports in labor-intensive industries could significantly lower informality for groups like rural and less-educated workers in the region. Also, increasing skills, and participation of women and young workers in the labor force could make an even bigger dent in informal employment. The region could achieve these gains by: (i) boosting and connecting exports to people (e.g., removing trade barriers and investment in infrastructure); (ii) eliminating distortions in production (e.g., by more efficient allocation of inputs); and (iii) protecting workers (e.g., by investing in education and skills).
Download or read book Gender Challenges written by Bina Agarwal and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-21 with total page 1248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An internationally acclaimed economist, Bina Agarwal is known for her path-breaking writings on agriculture, property rights, and the environment. Her three-volume compendium brings together a selection of her essays, written over three decades. Combining diverse disciplines, methodologies, and cross-country comparisons, the essays challenge standard economic analyses and assumptions from a gender perspective. They provide original insights on a wide range of theoretical, empirical, and policy issues of continuing importance in contemporary debates. The first volume spans varied dimensions of the author’s writings on agrarian change, from 1981 to the present. It identifies gender inequalities in the impact of agricultural modernisation and technical change across Asia and Africa; the links between women, poverty, and economic growth processes; and data biases in measuring women’s work. It traces the gendered costs of droughts and famine, and challenges top-down methods of innovation diffusion. Focusing on the key role of women farmers in food security, it also offers innovative solutions, including public land banks and group farming. The second volume focuses on the author’s paradigm-shifting work on women’s property status in South Asia. Challenging conventional approaches to women’s empowerment, it demonstrates how promoting access to property, especially land, is key to enhancing women’s economic and social well-being and deterring domestic violence. It details gender inequalities in inheritance laws, public policies, and land struggles, and presents the bargaining framework for understanding and finding ways of overcoming these inequalities, both within families and in markets, communities, and vis-à-vis the state. This third volume traces the relationship between gender and environmental change. Critiquing ecofeminist assumptions, it presents an alternative theoretical framework. It also examines the causes of women’s absence as well as the impact of their presence in environmental collective action. Based on innovative fieldwork on community institutions for forest governance, the author demonstrates how a critical mass of women can significantly improve conservation outcomes. In conclusion, she reflects on which features of feminist scholarship make for an effective challenge to mainstream economics.
Download or read book Chains of Fortune written by Marilyn Carr and published by Commonwealth Secretariat. This book was released on 2004 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extrait de la couverture "Much has been written about the negative impact of globalisation on the world's poor, and especially on women. But globalisation also opens up new economic opportunities if poor women producers and workers are enabled to take advantage of them. The need for assistance differs between independent producers on the one hand and wage workers in export industries on the other. In ther former case, the need mainly is for increased access to global markets. In the latter case, the need mainly is for better organizing so as to bargain for better wages and working conditions. This edited volume brings together six case studies. Three link local producers with global markets (...). Three focus on improving the working conditions of the hundreds of thousands of wage workers in global value chains."
