Download or read book Gamma ray Spectroscopy of Neutron rich Cd Nuclei written by Adrian A. Roach and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spectroscopy of Neutron rich Palladium and Cadmium Isotopes Near A written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New high-spin levels have been identified in the nucleus 12°Pd from analysis of the coincidence gamma rays observed in the 238U([alpha], f[gamma][gamma][gamma]) reaction. Recoiling fragments were detected with the Rochester heavy-ion detector array, CHICO, in coincidence with gamma-rays using Gammasphere. An A=110-130 mass-gated [gamma] - [gamma] - [gamma] cube from this experiment was constructed and analyzed for coincident gamma-rays in several nuclei near A=120. New results for neutron-rich 118Pd and 12°Pd have been obtained. The 12°Pd level scheme was extended to spin of 10 by building on the new low-energy gamma rays identified in decay studies of 12°Rh. The details of the 118Pd level scheme derived from this work are compared to previous work. The systematics of the yrast levels in even-even Pd and Cd isotopes are presented and the symmetry of energy levels around N = 68 is discussed. A new 10 level in 124Cd has been observed. The population intensity of even-even neutron-rich Cd isotopes is deduced, indicating that nuclides near 12°Cd are preferentially populated following alpha-induced fission of 238U.
Download or read book In beam Gamma ray Spectroscopy with RIB on Very Neutron rich Nuclei written by M. Ishihara and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gamma Ray Spectroscopy of Neutron rich Chlorine Nuclei written by David O'Donnell and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A beam of 36/16S20 at 215 MeV was used to bombard a 300 ugcm-2 thick target of 208/82Pb126 in order to initiate deep-inelastic and multi-nucleon transfer reactions. The I-ray decay of the reaction products was studied using the CLARA array of escape suppressed germanium detectors which was coupled to the large-angular-acceptance magnetic spectrometer PRISMA, in which the velocity, mass, atomic number and kinetic energy of the reaction products was measured. Determination of the velocity and mass has allowed Doppler corrected [gamma]-ray spectra to be obtained for each individual projectile-like nuclide to be produced. Seven neutron-rich isotopes of Cl have been populated and their decay by [gamma]-ray emission has been studied. Decay schemes have been constructed and compared to the results of shell-model calculations. Previously unreported transitions have been observed in 38Cl, 40Cl, 41Cl and 42Cl. ___.
Download or read book Probing the Collectivity in Neutron rich Cd Isotopes Via Gamma ray Spectroscopy written by Farheen Naqvi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Structure of Neutron Rich 34P Using In beam Gamma Ray Spectroscopy written by Peter C. Bender and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Increasing dominance of negative parity intruder states in neutron-rich nuclei in the sd shell as $N$ approaches $20$ shows evidence of evolving shell structure. Systematically examining the structure of isotopes with increasing $N$ while filling the $ u d_{3/2}$ level highlights a large number of intruder configurations. These intruder configurations come from the decrease in energy to promote a neutron across the $N = 20$ shell gap. Such studies are needed to help in the refinement of the shell model and increase its predictive power for nuclei far from stability. The presented work chronicles a series of $^{18}$O($^{18}$O, $pn$) experiments conducted around the world to study high spin states in $^{34}$P, a nucleus in the $sd$ shell bordering the ``island of inversion'. One of these experiments which was conducted at Argonne National Laboratory where a 24 MeV neutron rich $^{18}$O beam impinged on a Ta backed $^{18}$O target, is presented here in great detail. The evaporated charged particles were detected with {sc microball} while the $gamma$ rays emitted were detected with {sc gammasphere}. A brief discussion of the theory of analysis techniques used in in-beam $gamma$-ray spectroscopy is presented followed by an in depth discussion of the analysis of this experiment.
Download or read book Nuclear Structure of Radioactive Neutron Rich Nuclei with 4pi Detector Arrays written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In-beam studies of [gamma]-ray spectroscopy of radioactive neutron-rich nuclei using the 4[pi] TIGRESS array at TRIUMF requires a ''tag'' to improve the selectivity of the detected [gamma] rays in the high [gamma]-ray background produced by radioactive beams and the need for Doppler-shift correction. We propose development of two types of large solid angle auxiliary charged particle detectors to be used in conjunction with TRIGRESS in order to provide the required tag. The initial phase of detector development will focus on research involving light-mass radioactive beams with Z d"20. Gas avalanche detectors, such as CHICO, are not the ideal detector for lighter ions. Therefore, a new detector system, called Bambino, is being developed that is based on commercially available CD type position-sensitive silicon detectors. Three CD-S2 detectors, with a thickness of 140 [mu]m, have been ordered from Micron Semiconductor Ltd. A split spherical target chamber will be built in Rochester to accommodate two of those CD detectors in both forward and backward directions. These detectors will be placed 3 cm from the target, providing an angular coverage from 20.1{sup o} to 49.4{sup o} for the forward hemisphere and from 130.6{sup o} to 159.9{sup o} for the backward hemisphere. The detectors will us ten 8-channels preamplifiers, from Swan Research, that will be mechanically mounted on both the entrance and exit beam pipes. The work on both the internal and external cables connecting the detectors to the preamplifiers, vacuum feedthrough etc. is in progress. In addition, a vacuum chamber has been ordered from Kurt J. Lesker Company for testing these detectors. Bambino should be ready by the spring 2006. The second phase will involve the development of a next generation CHICO-like gas avalanche detector for experiments involving heavier radioactive beams. CHICO, a highly segmented parallel-plate avalanche counter, has proven to be very successful when used in conjunction with Gammasphere [1-2]. It has an angular coverage of 2.8[pi] sr and an angular resolution of 1{sup o} in [theta] and 4.6{sup o} in [phi] in addition to a time resolution of 500 ps. The proposed new avalanche detector will have an improved position resolution that matches the (2 mm) achieved by TIGRESS. This longer-term detector development project is predicated on future funding and we actively seek collaborators. Such a detector system, used in conjunction with a thin target, allows the detection of both scattered and recoiling nuclei in kinematic coincidence providing a unique tag for the detected [gamma] rays and at the same time providing sufficient information for the proper Doppler-shift corrections. This detector system can accommodate many types of experiments involving (quasi) two-body kinematics, such as Coulomb excitation [2-7], few-nucleon transfer reactions [8-10], deep-inelastic reactions [11-16], and spontaneous fissions [1] or fusion-fission reactions [17-20] we have carried out in the past. The initial phase of proposed experiments will be to study, by Coulomb excitation, the issue of the ''island of inversion'' for the Mg isotopes in the N H"20 region. The B(E2) values for the first 2 states of {sup 30,32,34}Mg have been measured using intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation at projectile fragmentation facilities. The B(E2) value for 3°Mg also was measured recently via conventional Coulomb excitation at the CERN REX-ISOLDE facility. The spread in measured B(E2)'s of up to a factor of two is insufficient to distinguish among various shell model predictions. Obviously, more precise measurements are necessary to ascertain how well the shell model can predict the properties of neutron-rich nuclei. An accuracy about 5% for the measured B(E2) can be achieved assuming a three-day beam time with an intensity about 3 x 104 p/s of 32Mg on a 3 mg/cm2 2°8Pb target at E{sub lab} = 115 MeV. A measure of the shape or the static quadrupole moment of this nucleus, in addition to the B(E2) value, would be possible if the beam intensity were above 106 p/s. When heavier radioactive beams become available at the ISAC-II facility, it will open new research opportunities for exploring the nuclear structure of neutron rich nuclei, including the evolution with isospin of two-phonon vibrations, prolate-to-oblate shape transitions, octupole deformation and neutron pairing.
Download or read book Ray Spectroscopy of Neutron rich Chlorine Nuclei written by David O'Donnell and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Collective Structure of Neutron Rich Rare Earth Nuclei and Development of Instrumentation for Gamma Ray Spectroscopy written by Pär-Anders Söderström and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fission and Properties of Neutron Rich Nuclei Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference written by and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings are the fourth in the series of International Conferences covering fission and properties of neutron-rich nuclei, which are at the forefront of nuclear structure research. The time interval of 5 years between each conference allows for significant new results to be achieved. Recently, world leaders in theory and experiments in research and the development of new facilities for research presented their latest results in areas such as synthesis of superheavy elements, new facilities for and recent results with radioactive ion beams, structure of neutron-rich nuclei, nuclear fission process, fission yields and nuclear astrophysics. This book is a major source of the latest research in these areas and plans for the future. The conference brought together a unique group of over 100 speakers including the directors of the major nuclear laboratories in Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Russia and the US along with leading research scientists from around the world.
Download or read book Isomer and delayed gamma ray spectroscopy for structure studies of heavy neutron rich nuclei written by Nawras M. S. Al-Dahan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measurements from the Prompt and Delayed Radiation of Fission Fragments written by Nathan T. Brewer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Isomer and beta delayed Gamma ray Spectroscopy for Structure Studies of Heavy Neutron rich Nuclei written by Nawras M. S. Al-Dahan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gamma ray Spectroscopy of Neutron rich Products of Heavy ion Collisions written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thick-target [gamma][gamma] coincidence techniques are being used to explore the spectroscopy of otherwise hard-to-reach neutron-rich products of deep-inelastic heavy ion reactions. Extensive [gamma][gamma] coincidence measurements were performed at ATLAS using pulsed beams of 8°Se, 136Xe, and 238U on lead-backed {sup 122,124}Sn targets with energies 10-15% above the Coulomb barrier. Gamma-ray coincidence intensities were used to map out yield distributions with A and Z for even-even product nuclei around the target and around the projectile. The main features of the yield patterns are understandable in terms of N/Z equilibration. We had the most success in studying the decays of yrast isomers. Thus far, more than thirty new [mu]s isomers in the Z = 50 region were found and characterized. Making isotopic assignments for previously unknown [gamma]-ray cascades proves to be one of the biggest problems. Our assignments were based (a) on rare overlaps with radioactivity data, (b) on the relative yields with different beams, and (c) on observed cross-coincidences between [gamma] rays from light and heavy reaction partners. However, the primary products of deep inelastic collisions often are sufficiently excited for subsequent neutron evaporation, so [gamma][gamma] cross-coincidence results require careful interpretation.
Download or read book Nuclear Spectroscopy written by Fay Ajzenberg-Selove and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Spectroscopy, Part A deals with the experimental and theoretical techniques involved in nuclear spectroscopy. This book discusses the interactions of charged particles with matter, gaseous ionization detectors, and particular mass attenuation coefficients. The magnetic gamma-ray spectrometers for photo or internal-conversion electrons, general characteristics of cross-section variation with energy, and measurement of fast neutron spectra are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the elastic scattering of photons by nuclei and measurement of widths of gamma-radiating levels. This publication is recommended for graduate students preparing for experimental research in nuclear spectroscopy, students who have completed graduate-level courses in quantum mechanics and nuclear physics, and specialists who wish to acquire a broader understanding of nuclear spectroscopy.
Download or read book Remote Compositional Analysis written by Janice L. Bishop and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive overview of the spectroscopic, mineralogical, and geochemical techniques used in planetary remote sensing.
Download or read book Spectroscopy of Neutron rich Nuclei Populated in the Spontaneous Fission of 252Cf and 248Cm written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spontaneous fission provides a very natural production mechanism for neutron-rich nuclei. The large excesses of neutrons over protons in heavy systems near the valley of stability, coupled with the tendency for the charge-to-mass ratio to be preserved in the fission process, results in fission fragments that lie well to the neutron-rich side of stability. The excitation energy of the primary fragments produced at scission results in the evaporation of neutrons (Fig 1) to produce secondary fragments whose excitation energy is dissipated through [gamma]-ray emission. In the last few years the study of such [gamma] rays has produced a dramatic increase in the available information on the structure of neutron-rich nuclei. This renaissance in fission-fragment spectroscopy has been due primarily to the much increased resolving power of large arrays of germanium [gamma]-ray detectors such as Euroball and Gammasphere. Through the improved detection efficiency and high granularity, these arrays have made it possible to obtain reasonable rates for the detection of three coincident [gamma] rays out of the cascades of multiplicity ten that are typically produced in spontaneous fission. In addition to the determination of the energies of excited levels, developments in spectroscopic techniques have allowed for information to be deduced regarding the spins and parities [1,2] and lifetimes [3,4] of such states of extreme isospin. In this paper we present research that has been carried out using the Euroball and Eurogam arrays to detect [gamma] rays emitted from spontaneously fissioning 248Cm and 252Cf. The paper focuses on three sub-areas of current activity, namely, the measurement of yields of secondary fragment pairs, the measurement of state lifetimes at around spin 10, and recent measurements of g-factors of excited states in fission fragments.
