Download or read book Gamma ray Isotopic Measurements for Assay of Plutonium Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The data presented summarize experience in obtaining plutonium and americium isotopic data using two systems: a 70 cc Ge(Li) system with 1.8 keV resolution at 1332 keV for acquisition of spectra up to 700 keV gamma-ray energy and a 1 cc planar system with 600 eV resolution at 122 keV for the acquisition of spectra up to 220 keV. Plutonium samples include ash samples with plutonium-240 concentrations of 9 to 20 percent; plutonium metal samples 6 percent--plutonium-240; ZPPR fuel pins; and various waste categories of 6 percent--plutonium-240 material. Nondestructive isotopic ratios obtained by gamma-ray spectroscopy are compared to chemical data obtained from these samples.

Download or read book In plant Measurements of Gamma ray Transmissions for Precise K edge and Passive Assay of Plutonium Concentration and Isotopic Abundance in Product Solutions at the Tokai Reprocessing Plant written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A field test has been carried out for more than 2 years for determination of plutonium concentration by K-edge absorption densitometry and for determination of plutonium isotopic abundance by transmission-corrected passive gamma-ray spectrometry. This system was designed and built at Los Alamos National Laboratory and installed at the Tokai reprocessing plant of the Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation as a part of the Tokai Advanced Safeguards Technology Exercise (TASTEX). For K-edge measurement of plutonium concentration, the transmissions at two discrete gamma-ray energies are measured using the 121.1- and 122.1-keV gamma rays from 75Se and 57Co. Intensities of the plutonium passive gamma rays in the energy regions between 38 and 51 keV and between 129 and 153 keV are used for determination of the isotopic abundances. More than 200 product solution samples have been measured in a timely fashion during these 2 years. The relative precisions and accuracies of the plutonium concentration measurement are shown to be within 0.6% (1 sigma) in these applications, and those for plutonium isotopic abundances are within 3% for 238Pu, 0.4% for 239Pu, 1.2% for 24°Pu, 1.3% for 241Pu, and 7% for 242Pu. The time required is 10 min for the concentration assay, 10 min for the isotopics assay, and about 15 min for handling procedures in the laboratory.

Download or read book Plutonium Isotopic Measurements by Gamma Ray Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nondestructive assay of plutonium is important as a safeguard tool in accounting for stategic nuclear material. Several nondestructive assay techniques, e.g., calorimetry and spontaneous fission assay detectors, require a knowledge of plutonium and americium isotopic ratios to convert their raw data to total grams of plutonium. This paper describes a nondestructive technique for calculating plutonium-238, plutonium-240, plutonium-241 and americium-241 relative to plutonium-239 from measured peak areas in the high resolution gamma-ray spectra of solid plutonium samples. Gamma-ray attenuation effects have been minimized by selecting sets of neighboring peaks in the spectrum whose components are due to the different isotopes. Since the detector efficiencies are approximately the same for adjacent peaks, the accuracy of the isotopic ratios are dependent on the half-lives, branching intensities and measured peak areas. The data presented describes the results obtained by analyzing gamma-ray spectra in the energy region from 120 to 700 keV. The majority of the data analyzed was obtained from plutonium material containing 6% plutonium-240. Sample weights varied from 0.25 g to approximately 1.2 kg. The methods have also been applied to plutonium samples containing up to 23% plutonium-240 with weights of 0.25 to 200g. Results obtained by gamma-ray spectroscopy are compared to chemical analyses of aliquots taken from the bulk samples.

Download or read book Passive Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials written by Doug Reilly and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Determination of Plutonium Isotopic Ratios by Using Low energy Gamma ray Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A nondestructive gamma-ray technique has been developed to determine plutonium isotopic ratios. The technique is based on the high-intensity, low-energy gamma rays at 43.48, 45.23, 51.63, 59.54, and 64.83 keV for 238Pu, 24°Pu, 239Pu, 241Am, and 241Pu, respectively. The results demonstrate that this technique can accurately measure plutonium samples in a timely manner and in a wide range of masses, isotopic contents, chemical forms, and ages from chemical processing.

Download or read book PC FRAM written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We describe the new capability of and.present measurement results from the PC/FRAM plutonium isotopic analysis code. This new code allows data acquisition from a single coaxial germanium detector and analysis over an energy range from 120 keV to above I MeV. For the first time we demonstrate a complete isotopic analysis using only gamma rays greater than 200 keV in energy. This new capability allows the measurement of the plutonium isotopic composition of items inside shielded or heavy-walled containers without having to remove the items from the container. This greatly enhances worker safety by reducing handling and the resultant radiation exposure. Another application allows international inspectors to verify the contents of items inside sealed, long-term storage containers that may not be opened for national security or treaty compliance reasons. We present measurement results for traditional planar germanium detectors as well as coaxial detectors measuring shielded and unshielded samples.

Download or read book Gamma ray Isotopic Analysis of Plutonium Within Highly Attenuating Shipping Containers written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isotopic measurements of items stored in shielded shipping containers presents a challenge to standard, nondestructive high-resolution gamma spectroscopy analysis. For example, some plutonium oxide material that will be shipped from Rocky Flats will be packaged in a combination of containers that places more than 12 mm of lead and 25 mm of steel between the material and the detector. This shielding effectively eliminates gamma rays below approximately 300 keV. Spectra were taken through simulated containers and analyzed using FRAM version 4.0 and a parameter set developed for use with highly attenuated items. The results indicate that 10% precision in measured 24°Pu content should be achievable with 2-hour measurements.

Download or read book Measurement of Plutonium and Uranium Isotopic Abundances by Gamma ray Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The isotopic composition of plutonium and uranium is needed for purposes of sample confirmation, or for interpreting results from calorimeters or neutron-coincidence measurement instruments to determine nuclear material mass. The authors have developed measurement methods and computer codes utilizing high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry to measure the relative isotopic abundances of plutonium and uranium in various forms nondestructively. The computer codes, known as MGA and MGAU, have unique analysis methodologies that the authors briefly describe in this paper.

Download or read book In plant Measurements of Gamma ray Transmissions for Precise K edge and Passive Assay of Plutonium Concentration and Isotopic Fractions in Product Solutions written by P. A. Russo and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings of the Symposium on Passive Gamma ray Assay AEC Headquarters Auditorium Germantown Maryland November 19 20 1970 written by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Office of Safeguards and Materials Management and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gamma ray Isotopic Ratio Measurements for the Plutonium Inventory Verification Program written by John F. Lemming and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mandskoret S nderborg 1921 1931 Festskrift Udgivet i anledning af 10 Aaret for Foreningens Stiftelse written by and published by . This book was released on 1931 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book On Plutonium Assay of Heavily Contaminated Fuels by Gamma ray Measurements written by V. A. Wichers and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Determination of Plutonium Isotopic Composition by Gamma ray Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We discuss the general approach, computerized data analysis methods, and results of measurements used to determine the isotopic composition of plutonium by gamma-ray spectroscopy. The simple techniques are designed to be applicable to samples of arbitrary size, geometry, age, chemical, and isotopic composition. The combination of the gamma spectroscopic measurement of isotopic composition coupled with calorimetric measurement of total sample power is shown to give a totally nondestructive determination of sample plutonium mass with a precision of 0.6% for 1000-g samples of PuO2 with 12% 24°Pu content. The precision of isotopic measurements depends upon many factors, including sample size, sample geometry, and isotopic content. Typical ranges are found to be 238Pu, 1 to 10%; 239Pu, 0.1 to 0.5%; 24°Pu, 2 to 5%; 241Pu, 0.3 to 0.7%; 242Pu (determined by isotopic correlation); and 241Am, 0.2 to 10%.

Download or read book Experience with a General Gamma Ray Isotopic Analysis Approach written by W. D. Ruhter and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gamma-ray data analysis methodology originally developed for the MGA code to determine the relative detection efficiency curve may also be used to determine the relative amounts of the isotopes being measured. This analysis approach is based on the fact that the intensity of any given gamma ray from a sample is determined by the amount of the emitting isotope present in the sample, the emission probability for the gamma ray being measured, the sample self attenuation, the attenuation due to absorbers between the sample and detector, and the detector efficiency. An equation can be written that describes a measured gamma-ray peak intensity in terms of these parameters. By selecting appropriate gamma-ray peaks from the isotopes of interest, we can solve a set of equations for the values of the parameters in any particular measurement including the relative amounts of the selected isotopes. The equations representing the peak intensities are very nonlinear and require an iterative least squares method to solve. We have developed software to ensure that during the iterative process the parameters stay within their appropriate ranges and converge properly in solving the set of equations under various measurement conditions. We have utilized and reported on this approach for determining the plutonium isotopic abundances in samples enriched in Pu-238 and to determine the U-235 enrichment of uranium samples in thick-walled containers. Recently, we have used this approach to determine the plutonium isotopic abundances of plutonium samples in thick-walled containers. We will report on this most recent application, and how this general approach can be adapted quickly to any isotopic analysis problem.

Download or read book Staatistische Wohl gegr ndte Glaubens Articul written by and published by . This book was released on 1704 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings written by William A. Higinbotham and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: