Download or read book Gamma ray Diagnostics of D T Fusion Reactions written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of D-T fusion-energy sources requires intimate and precise measurement of fusion-burn conditions in reactor-development experiments. Some of the limitations inherent in presently available diagnostics based on massive particle emissions can be overcome by measuring fusion-generated high-energy gamma rays. Although gamma-ray intensities are low, gamma rays offer diagnostic advantages of dispersion-free propagation and low intrinsic backgrounds. This paper describes two detector systems developed to study D-T fusion reactions by measuring the associated 16.7-MeV gamma-ray emissions. The first system is a Compton-recoil spectrometer and features good energy resolution of the 16.7-MeV photons. This system uses a sector-magnet spectrometer to isolate electrons forward-scattered by the high-energy gamma rays. The second system is a threshold Cerenkov detector and features a higher net sensitivity. A chamber filled with CO2 gas acts as a Cerenkov medium for electrons scattered by the 16.7-MeV photons. The gas pressure is adjusted so that electrons scattered by photons having energies less than 16.7 MeV do not have sufficient energy to generate Cerenkov light in the gas.

Download or read book Fusion Gamma Diagnostics written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear reactions of interest in fusion research often possess a branch that yields prompt emission of gamma radiation in excess of 15 MeV. This branch can be exploited to provide a new fusion reaction diagnostic having applications similar to conventional neutron emission measurements. Conceptual aspects of fusion gamma diagnostics are discussed with emphasis on application to TFTR during deuterium neutral beam heating of D-T and D-3He plasmas. Recent measurements of the D(T, .gamma.)5He, D(3He, .gamma.)5Li, and D(D, .gamma.)4He branching ratios at low center-of-mass energy (30 to 100 keV) and of the response of a large volume Ne226 detector for gamma detection in high neutron backgrounds are presented. For a well-shielded Ne226 detector, the D(T, .gamma.)5 He gamma signal level during 20 MW to 120 keV deuterium neutral beam heating of a TFTR tritium plasma was estimated to be 3.5 x 105 CPS.

Download or read book Fusion Gamma Diagnostics for D T and D 3He Plasmas written by S. S. Medley and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diagnosing ICF Gamma ray Physics written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Gamma ray Reactivities for the P 11B P 6Li and P 7Li Fusion Reactions and the Applications as Temperature Diagnostics for the Fusion Plasma written by Huaizhu Liu and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Studies of High energy Gamma Rays Following Heavy ion Fusion Reactions written by Rolf Ekström and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diagnostics for Experimental Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors written by Giuseppe Gorini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book of proceedings collects the papers presented at the Workshop on Diagnostics for ITER, held at Villa Monastero, Varenna (Italy), from August 28 to September 1, 1995. The Workshop was organised by the International School of Plasma Physics "Piero Caldirola. " Established in 1971, the ISPP has organised over fifty advanced courses and workshops on topics mainly related to plasma physics. In particular, courses and workshops on plasma diagnostics (previously held in 1975, 1978, 1982, 1986, and 1991) can be considered milestones in the history of this institution. Looking back at the proceedings of the previous meetings in Varenna, one can appreciate the rapid progress in the field of plasma diagnostics over the past 20 years. The 1995 workshop was co-organised by the Istituto di Fisica del Plasma of the National Research Council (CNR). In contrast to previous Varenna meetings on diagnostics, which have covered diagnostics in present-day tokamaks and which have had a substantial tutorial component, the 1995 workshop concentrated specifically on the problems and challenges of ITER diagnostics. ITER (the International Thennonuclear Experimental Reactor, a joint venture of Europe, Japan, Russia, and the United States, presently under design) will need to measure a wide range of plasma parameters in order to reach and sustain high levels of fusion power. A list of the measurement requirements together with the parameter ranges, target measurement resolutions, and accuracies provides the starting point for selecting a list of candidate diagnostic systems.

Download or read book Passive Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials written by Doug Reilly and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Probing the Physics of Burning DT Capsules Using Gamma ray Diagnostics written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gamma Reaction History (GRH) diagnostic developed and lead by the Los Alamos National Laboratory GRH Team is used to determine the bang time and burn width of imploded inertial confinement fusion capsules at the National Ignition Facility. The GRH team is conceptualizing and designing a new Gamma-to-Electron Magnetic Spectrometer (GEMS), that would be capable of an energy resolution [Delta]E/E~3-5%. In this whitepaper we examine the physics that could be explored by the combination of these two gamma-ray diagnostics, with an emphasis on the sensitivity needed for measurements. The main areas that we consider are hydrodynamical mixing, ablator areal density and density profile, and temporal variations of the density of the cold fuel and the ablator during the DT burn of the capsule.

Download or read book High Energy Gamma Radiation from heavy ion fusion reactions studies and detector development written by Benny Ritzén and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gamma Ray Measurements During Deuterium and 3He Discharges on TFTR written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gamma ray count rates and energy spectra have been measured in TFTR deuterium plasmas during ohmic heating and during injection of deuterium neutral beams for total neutron source strengths up to 6 x 1015 neutrons per second. The gamma ray measurements for the deuterium plasmas are in general agreement with predictions obtained using simplified transport models. The 16.6 MeV fusion gamma ray from the direct capture reaction D(3He, .gamma.)5Li was observed during deuterium neutral beam injection into 3He plasmas for beam powers up to 7 MW. The measured yield of the 16.6 MeV gamma ray is consistent with the predicted yield. The observation of this capture gamma ray establishes the spectroscopy of the fusion gamma rays from the D-3He reactions as a viable diagnostic of total fusion reaction rates and benchmarks the modeling for extension of the technique to D-T plasmas. 21 refs., 12 figs.

Download or read book Remote Compositional Analysis written by Janice L. Bishop and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive overview of the spectroscopic, mineralogical, and geochemical techniques used in planetary remote sensing.

Download or read book Neutron Generators for Analytical Purposes written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA Radiation Technology Repo. This book was released on 2012 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication addresses recent developments in neutron generator (NG) technology. It presents information on compact instruments with high neutron yield to be used for neutron activation analysis (NAA) and prompt gamma neutron activation analysis in combination with high count rate spectrometers. Traditional NGs have been shown to be effective for applications including borehole logging, homeland security, nuclear medicine and the on-line analysis of aluminium, coal and cement. Pulsed fast thermal neutron analysis, as well as tagged and timed neutron analysis, are additional techniques which can be applied using NG. Furthermore, NG can effectively be used for elemental analysis and is also effective for analysis of hidden materials by neutron radiography. Useful guidelines for developing NG based research laboratories are also provided in this publication.

Download or read book Optomechanical Design of a Prompt Gamma Reaction History Diagnostic written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Ignition Facility and the Omega Laser Facility both have a need for measuring prompt gamma radiation as part of a nuclear diagnostic program. A new gamma-detection diagnostic using off-axis-parabolic mirrors has been built. Some new techniques were used in the design, construction, and tolerancing of this gamma ray diagnostic. Because of the wavelength requirement (250-700 nm), the optical element surface finishes were a key design consideration. The optical enclosure had to satisfy pressure safety concerns and shielding against electromagnetic interference induced by gammas and neutrons. Structural finite element analysis was needed to meet rigorous optical and safety requirements. The optomechanical design is presented. Alignment issues are also discussed.

Download or read book Gamma Ray Production Cross Sections of Proton Bombardment of Fluorine for Light Element Analysis and Depth Profiling written by Monica Pham and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the interdependence of fusion reactor performance and the surface conditions of the plasma facing components (PFC), diagnostic techniques that monitor the conditions of PFCs are useful. One ion beam analysis (IBA) diagnostic technique utilizes particle induced gamma emission (PIGE) analysis to diagnose the conditions of PFCs. Gamma production differential cross section data is essential to PIGE because it provides a way predict and interpret data. Fluorine may be a candidate for this technique because it is low-Z and not typically intrinsic to fusion reactors. However, differential cross section measurements for 19F(p, [alpha] [gamma])16O do not exist yet. Differential cross section measurements for the 19F(p, [alpha] [gamma])16O reaction have not been measured primarily because of the difficulty of deconvolving overlapped peaks in the gamma ray spectra of the reaction. This work presents, for the first time, the 6.13 MeV gamma production differential cross section for the 19F(p, [alpha] [gamma])16O reaction in the 840 to 1520 keV energy range. Although there exists gamma yield data for this reaction in Dababneh et al. [1], yield measurements can only be used as a comparison or for relative measurements. Additionally, previous yield measurements relied on integrating the entire spectrum with approximate bounds of 4.5 to 9 MeV likely due to overlap of peaks. In this work, yield of the 6.13 MeV full energy peak was obtained by deconvolving overlapping peaks by utilizing the constant ratio of the double escape and the single escape peaks. The subsequent yield curve was converted to differential cross section. The presented differential cross section measurements expands current knowledge and contributes to diagnostic techniques that utilize gamma production reactions.

Download or read book Neutron and Gamma Time of flight Measurements in Inertial Confinement Fusion Experiments written by Zaarah L. Mohamed and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This work includes the study of various nuclear processes relevant to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) plasmas and big bang nucleosynthesis via experiments performed at the OMEGA laser facility. Neutron and gamma time-of-flight detectors were used to determine various quantities of interest in cryogenic and room temperature implosions. In particular, xylene neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) detectors were used to determine areal densities from backscattered neutrons for OMEGA cryogenic experiments using a forward fit analysis. This analysis was extended to a recently deployed second nTOF line of sight (LOS) on OMEGA. The presence of two nTOF LOS enables a comparison of two measurements to study implosion symmetry, however, these two measurements still leave a lack of coverage around the target chamber which makes it difficult to infer the 3D shape of the areal density. This analysis can easily be extended to additional nTOF lines of sight in the future. The original xylene nTOF detector was also used to infer properties of the 5He ground state and first excited state via a simple wave-function amplitude analysis of neutron spectra from warm TT implosions. These quantities are particularly interesting because of their relationship to the gamma spectrum produced by DT fusion and additionally because the TT neutron spectrum is a background observed in the neutron spectra produced on cryogenic implosions. The ground state mass inferred via forward fit agrees with the accepted value [Audi et al., Nucl. Phys. A 729 (2003)], but the lifetime inferred here is about 70% longer than the accepted value [Wong, Anderson, & McClure, Nucl. Phys. 71 (1965)]. The mass and width of the first excited state were also inferred and compared to previously reported values, though there is a wide spread in the previously reported values. Cherenkov detectors were used to study gamma rays from the reactions D(T,5He)[gamma], H(D,3He)[gamma], and H(T,4He)[gamma] at low energies. The measurements detailed in this work result in a DT gamma-to-neutron branching ratio of (8.42 ł 2.84) × 10-5 measured at a center-of-mass (CM) energy of 19 ł 2 keV. This branching ratio is a factor of 2 larger than the branching ratio previously inferred on an ICF platform [Kim et al., Phys. Rev. C 85 (2012)], however, the error bars on the two measurements overlap. Considering a recent measurement of the DT gamma spectrum [Horsfield et al., Phys. Rev. C. 104 (2021)], the branching ratio measurement detailed in this work also appears to be in agreement with accelerator measurements [Cecil & Wilkinson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53 (1984); Morgan et al., Phys. Rev. C. 33 (1986)] that isolated the ground state DT gamma. S factors for H(D,3He)[gamma] and H(T,4He)[gamma] were determined at low energies (ECM=16-37 keV). The inferred H(D,3He)[gamma] S factor appears to agree with accelerator data. The H(T,4He)[gamma] S factor inferred from one detector with a relatively high gamma energy threshold appears to be 25-70% larger than an evaluated S factor determined by including accelerator data at higher CM energies [Canon et al., Phys. Rev. C 65 (2002)], however, only two accelerator data points currently exist for comparison at these low energies and these two accelerator data points are in reasonable agreement with the S factors inferred using the high threshold detector as detailed in this work. Another detector with a very low minimum gamma energy threshold was also used to study the H(T,4He)[gamma] S factor. This detector inferred significantly higher values for the H(T,4He)[gamma] S factor, but this particular measurement is thought to be contaminated by detection of neutron-induced gammas from remaining shell material. These time-of-flight gamma measurements require some assumptions concerning the gamma spectrum from each reaction in order to infer branching ratios or S factors. This is not ideal, however, traditional pulse height gamma detection cannot be used for detection of fusion gammas in ICF experiments due to the short time scales involved. Two potential designs are discussed for a true gamma spectrometer intended for operation at ICF facilities"--Pages ix-x.

Download or read book Magnetic Fusion Technology written by Thomas J. Dolan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-02-10 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic Fusion Technology describes the technologies that are required for successful development of nuclear fusion power plants using strong magnetic fields. These technologies include: • magnet systems, • plasma heating systems, • control systems, • energy conversion systems, • advanced materials development, • vacuum systems, • cryogenic systems, • plasma diagnostics, • safety systems, and • power plant design studies. Magnetic Fusion Technology will be useful to students and to specialists working in energy research.