Download or read book Tracks Sign of Insects Other Invertebrates written by Charley Eiseman and published by Stackpole Books. This book was released on 2010 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first-ever reference to the sign left by insects and other North American invertebrates includes descriptions and almost 1,000 color photos of tracks, egg cases, nests, feeding signs, galls, webs, burrows, and signs of predation. Identification is made to the family level, sometimes to the genus or species. It's an invaluable guide for wildlife professionals, naturalists, students, and insect specialists.

Download or read book Plant Galls written by Margaret Redfern and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A much-needed new study on plant galls growths on plants formed of plant tissue that are caused by other organisms. Most naturalists have come across oak apples, robin s pincushions, marble galls and witches brooms, a few of the more familiar examples of the strange growths that are plant galls. They are beautiful, often bizarre and colourful, and amazingly diverse in structure and in the organisms which cause them. They have been known since ancient times and have attracted superstitions and folk customs. Both the ancient Greeks and the Chinese used them in herbal medicine, and until well into the nineteenth century, they had a variety of commercial uses: important for dyeing cloth, tanning leather and for making ink. Knowledge of gall types increased during the late nineteenth century and throughout the twentieth century as more species were described and their structure became more clearly understood, and yet even today, little is known about the mechanisms that cause gall formation as well as the life cycles of the organisms that initiate gall growth. Since most galls do not cause any economic damage to crop plants, research funding has traditionally been sparse in this area. However, the insect cycles and gall structures are amazing examples of the complexity of nature. Margaret Redfern explores these fascinating complexities in this latest New Naturalist volume, providing much-needed insight into the variety of galls of different types caused by a wide range of organisms including fungi, insects and mites. She discusses the ecology of galls more generally and focuses on communities of organisms within galls, the evolution and distribution of galls, as well as human and historical perspectives."

Download or read book The Grape cane Gall Maker and Its Enemies written by Francis Marion Webster and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Interrelationships of Three Gall Makers and Their Natural Enemies on Hackberry Celtis Occidentalis L written by John Conrad Moser and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This bulletin describes three hackberry galls, the insects which make them, and 19 of their natural enemies in the Cayuga Valley near Ithaca, N.Y. Two galls were caused by psyllids and the third by a cecidomyiid. The taxonomy, biology, morphology, and distribution of the species are discussed. Fourteen natural enemies attacked the psyllid gall makers, and five fed on the cecidomyiid gall maker. However, no cecidomyiid parasites were found in psyllid galls, nor were natural enemies of psyllids located in cecidomyiid galls. Whereas most natural enemies attacked only gall makers, three were normally parasites of lepidopterous leaf miners of hackberry, and two fed on a wide range of insects other than those associated with hackberry. At least three parasites of the psyllid complex were secondary; two were specific to a single primary parasite, and the other fed on all primary parasites as well as the gall makers. Two natural enemies fed only on psyllid galls, but always killed the gall makers while feeding. Some parasites of psyllids fed on the gall after consuming the insects. One of the psyllid gall makers often incorporated itself in the larger gall of the other psyllid, a condition termed marginal gall. Parasites found in marginal galls were always the same as those found in the large galls, which is considered to be evidence that certain parasites were attracted not by host nymphs, but by the gall. Some primary parasites were more abundant than the others. Those whose larvae immediately fed on gall makers were more successful than other primary parasites, whose larvae began feeding after a period, of time. One new genus and four new species are described and methods of statistical separation are given for two closely related parasites.

Download or read book The Gall making Diptera of Scotland written by James William Helenus Trail and published by . This book was released on 1888 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book California Gall making Cynipidae written by Mary Isabel McCracken and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Biology of Gall inducing Arthropods written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Ecology and Evolution of Gall forming Insects written by Peter W. Price and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Indiana University Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Philo Judaeus written by Philo (of Alexandria.) and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Studies written by Indiana University and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Philo Judaeus written by Alfred Charles Kinsey and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Studies of Some New and Described Cynipidae Hymenoptera written by Alfred Charles Kinsey and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Biology of Gall inducing Arthropods written by Gyuri Csóka and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Field Guide to Eastern Forests North America written by John C. Kricher and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 1998 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an introduction to patterns of forest ecology, looks at each of the major forest types of eastern North America, examines changes that occur as abandoned fields turn into forests, features background on the process of adaptation and natural selection, and describes forest changes in each of the four seasons.

Download or read book Miscellaneous Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ninety nine Gnats Nits and Nibblers written by May Berenbaum and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insects covered include cockroaches, fruit flies, house flies, mealworms, silverfish, carpenter ants, centipedes, clothes moths, earwigs, termites, junebugs, grasshoppers, monarch and victory butterflies, praying mantis, gypsy moths, antlions, crickets, fireflies, katydids, yellowjackets, dragonflies, damselflies, mayflies, ear mites, fleas, ticks, bedbugs, black widow spiders, lice, chiggers, mosquitoes, scabies.