Download or read book G ttingen and the Development of the Natural Sciences written by Nicolaas Rupke and published by Wallstein Verlag. This book was released on 2012-01-27 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seit ihrer Gründung im Jahr 1737 hat sich die Universität Göttingen als fruchtbarer Boden für das Aufblühen der Naturwissenschaften erwiesen. In der wissenschaftlichen Ahnengalerie der Universität finden sich Berühmtheiten wie etwa Albrecht von Haller, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, Friedrich Wöhler und die genialen Mathematiker Carl Friedrich Gauß und David Hilbert. Im frühen 20. Jahrhundert trugen von Göttingen aus Max Born und Werner Heisenberg mit ihren innovativen Arbeiten zur Quantenphysik dazu bei, die Physik zu revolutionieren. Schon kurze Zeit nach der Stiftung der Nobelpreise hatten viele Preisträger eine Verbindung zu Göttingen, darunter Hermann Walther Nernst und James Frank.Auf den Niedergang der herausragenden Stellung der Universität auf dem Gebiet der Naturwissenschaften während der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus folgte eine neue Blüte nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg, als Göttingen Sitz der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft wurde und Otto Hahn, Max von Laue und Heisenberg anzog.Göttingen als ein besonderer Standort für die Entstehung einer naturwissenschaftlichen Kultur steht im Mittelpunkt der Überlegungen einer internationalen Gruppe von Historikern über die Frage: "Welche lokalen Besonderheiten haben diese Ausnahmestellung auf dem Gebiet der Wissenschaften hervorgebracht?"
Download or read book G ttingen and the Development of the Natural Sciences written by Nicolaas A. Rupke and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Johann Reinhold Forster and the Making of Natural History on Cook s Second Voyage 1772 1775 written by Anne Mariss and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-09-09 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: James Cook’s voyages of exploration are a turning point not only in the history of the British Empire, but also in the history of science and exploration of the Pacific. The last decades have seen a wide-ranging scholarly interest in Cook’s voyages, focusing on their impact on European and Polynesian societies, their scientific results, and their protagonists, such as Cook himself or the nobleman Joseph Banks who took part in Cook’s first voyage of exploration. This book examines the hitherto underestimated role of the German scholar Johann Reinhold Forster who, together with his son Georg Forster, accompanied Cook on his second voyage of exploration (1772–1775) as a principal naturalist. For a long time, the German traveler has remained a rather shadowy figure of Cook’s voyages of exploration and has only attracted scholarly attention occasionally. Focusing on the making of knowledge onboard the ship and the islands where it made landfall, the study provides a historical reappraisal of Forster’s scientific performance as a leading naturalist of his time. By examining Forster’s Resolution Journal, Anne Mariss takes a microhistorical approach toward the making of natural history knowledge during the expedition to the Pacific. Mariss unveils the difficulties the traveling naturalists encountered while collecting, describing, classifying, and painting the natural world. Her study brings to light the contribution of the various actors who were involved in this undertaking, such as the scientific assistants, sailors, officers, and the local actors of the Pacific world.
Download or read book The Gestation of German Biology written by John H. Zammito and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores how and when biology emerged as a science in Germany. Beginning with the debate about organism between Georg Ernst Stahl and Gottfried Leibniz at the start of the eighteenth century, John Zammito traces the development of a new research program, culminating in 1800, in the formulation of developmental morphology. He shows how over the course of the century, naturalists undertook to transform some domains of natural history into a distinct branch of natural philosophy, which attempted not only to describe but to explain the natural world and became, ultimately, the science of biology.
Download or read book Performing Knowledge 1750 1850 written by Mary Helen Dupree and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-07-31 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The period between 1750 and 1850 was a time when knowledge and its modes of transmission were reconsidered and reworked in fundamental ways. Social and political transformations, such as the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, went hand in hand with in new ways of viewing, sensing, and experiencing what was perceived to be a rapidly changing world. This volume brings together a range of essays that explore the performance of knowledge in the period from 1750 to 1850, in the broadest possible sense. The essays explore a wide variety of literary, theatrical, and scientific events staged during this period, including scientific demonstrations, philosophical lectures, theatrical performances, stage design, botany primers, musical publications, staged Schiller memorials, acoustic performances, and literary declamations. These events served as vital conduits for the larger process of generating, differentiating, and circulating knowledge. By unpacking the significance of performance and performativity for the creation and circulation of knowledge in Germany during this period, the volume makes an important contribution to interdisciplinary German cultural studies, performance studies, and the history of knowledge.
Download or read book Clashes of Knowledge written by Peter Meusburger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do traditional distinctions between "belief" and "knowledge" still make sense? How are differences between knowledge and belief understood in different cultural contexts? This book explores conflicts between various types of knowledge, especially between orthodox and heterodox knowledge systems, ranging from religious fundamentalism to heresies within the scientific community itself. Beyond addressing many fields in the academy, the book discusses learned individuals interested in the often puzzling spatial and cultural disparities of knowledge and clashes of knowledge.
Download or read book The Hanoverian Dimension in British History 1714 1837 written by Brendan Simms and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-02-08 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than 120 years (1714–1837) Great Britain was linked to the German Electorate, later Kingdom, of Hanover through Personal Union. This made Britain a continental European state in many respects, and diluted her sense of insular apartness. The geopolitical focus of Britain was now as much on Germany, on the Elbe and the Weser as it was on the Channel or overseas. At the same time, the Hanoverian connection was a major and highly controversial factor in British high politics and popular political debate. This volume was the first systematically to explore the subject by a team of experts drawn from the UK, US and Germany. They integrate the burgeoning specialist literature on aspects of the Personal Union into the broader history of eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Britain. Never before had the impact of the Hanoverian connection on British politics, monarchy and the public sphere, been so thoroughly investigated.
Download or read book The Born Family in G ttingen and Beyond written by Gustav V. R. Born and published by Göttingen University Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gustav Victor Rudolf Born was born in Göttingen in 1921 as one of the three children of Hedwig Born and the already famous physicist Max Born who became Nobel laureate in Physics in 1954. On the grounds of the Born’s Jewish origins and the open pacifism of Max Born, the National Socialists forced the Born family to leave Germany in 1933, soon after the National Socialist Party seized power. The family immigrated to Great Britain, first to Cambridge, later to Edinburgh. The Born children spent the rest of their childhood and youth in Britain, and Gustav Born obtained his medical degree from Edinburgh University, his doctoral degree from the University of Oxford. During his long and distinguished academic career, Born has held chairs of pharmacology at the Royal College of Surgeons, at Cambridge University, and at King’s College in London. At the end of his outstanding career and his invaluable contributions to knowledge of the pathophysiology of the circulation, haemosthasis, thrombosis and atherogenesis, he was Research Professor at the William Harvey Research Institute. In this book he reflects on the life journey the Born family was forced to take. The text stems from the conference “Göttingen and the development of the Natural Sciences”, organized by the Georgia Augusta’s Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte in November 2000. Gustav Born agreed to attend and follow the invitation to present a keynote address on “The Born family in and out of Göttingen”, which was held in the University’s sanctum sanctorum, the so-called Alte Aula. His address was the highlight of the conference, attended by many from Göttingen’s academic community and concluded with a long standing ovation. In a personal conversation with Arnulf Quadt (professor for particle physics at Göttingen University), briefly before his sad passing in April 2018, Gustav Born encouraged to make the book on the story of his family available again. The University of Göttingen is deeply honoured to follow Gustav Born’s suggestion and present a commented reprint of the original keynote in 2002.
Download or read book Reproduction Race and Gender in Philosophy and the Early Life Sciences written by Susanne Lettow and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, this volume highlights the scientific and philosophical inquiry into heredity and reproduction and the consequences of these developing ideas on understandings of race and gender. Neither the life sciences nor philosophy had fixed disciplinary boundaries at this point in history. Kant, Hegel, and Schelling weighed in on these questions alongside scientists such as Caspar Friedrich Wolff, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, and Karl Ernst von Baer. The essays in this volume chart the development of modern gender polarizations and a naturalized, scientific understanding of gender and race that absorbed and legitimized cultural assumptions about difference and hierarchy.
Download or read book A Social History of Knowledge II written by Peter Burke and published by Polity. This book was released on 2012-01-17 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peter Burke follows up his magisterial Social History of Knowledge, picking up where the first volume left off around 1750 at the publication of the French Encyclopédie and following the story through to Wikipedia. Like the previous volume, it offers a social history (or a retrospective sociology of knowledge) in the sense that it focuses not on individuals but on groups, institutions, collective practices and general trends. The book is divided into 3 parts. The first argues that activities which appear to be timeless - gathering knowledge, analysing, disseminating and employing it - are in fact time-bound and take different forms in different periods and places. The second part tries to counter the tendency to write a triumphalist history of the 'growth' of knowledge by discussing losses of knowledge and the price of specialization. The third part offers geographical, sociological and chronological overviews, contrasting the experience of centres and peripheries and arguing that each of the main trends of the period - professionalization, secularization, nationalization, democratization, etc, coexisted and interacted with its opposite. As ever, Peter Burke presents a breath-taking range of scholarship in prose of exemplary clarity and accessibility. This highly anticipated second volume will be essential reading across the humanities and social sciences.
Download or read book The New Natural History of Madagascar written by Steven M. Goodman and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-11-15 with total page 2297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A marvelously illustrated reference to the natural wonders of one of the most spectacular places on earth Separated from Africa’s mainland for tens of millions of years, Madagascar has evolved a breathtaking wealth of biodiversity, becoming home to thousands of species found nowhere else on the planet. The New Natural History of Madagascar provides the most comprehensive, up-to-date synthesis available of this island nation’s priceless biological treasures. Now fully revised and expanded, this beautifully illustrated compendium features contributions by more than 600 globally renowned experts who cover the history of scientific exploration in Madagascar, as well as the island’s geology and soils, climate, forest ecology, human ecology, marine and coastal ecosystems, plants, invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. This invaluable two-volume reference also includes detailed discussions of conservation efforts in Madagascar that showcase several successful protected area programs that can serve as models for threatened ecosystems throughout the world. Provides the most comprehensive overview of Madagascar’s rich natural history Coedited by 18 different specialists Features hundreds of new contributions by world-class experts Includes hundreds of new illustrations Covers a broad array of topics, from geology and climate to animals, plants, and marine life Sheds light on newly discovered species and draws on the latest science An essential resource for anyone interested in Madagascar or tropical ecosystems in general, from biologists and conservationists to ecotourists and armchair naturalists
Download or read book Comparative Planetology Geological Education History of Geology written by Wang Hongzhen and published by VSP. This book was released on 1997-06 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1997. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book Science Philosophy and Religion in the Age of the Enlightenment written by John Gascoigne and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-10-28 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking as its focus the wide-ranging character of the Enlightenment, both in geographical and intellectual terms, this second collection of articles by John Gascoigne explores this movement's filiation and influence in a range of contexts. In contrast to some recently influential views it emphasises the evolutionary rather than the revolutionary character of the Enlightenment and its ability to change society by adaptation rather than demolition. This it does by reference, firstly, to developments in Britain tracing the changing views of history in relation to the Biblical account, the ideological uses of science (and particularly the work of Newton) and their connections to developments in moral philosophy and the teaching of science and philosophy in response to Enlightenment modes of thought. The collection then turns to the wider global setting of the Enlightenment and the way in which that movement served to provide a justification for European exploration and expansion, developments which found one of their most potent embodiments in the diverse uses of mapping. The collection concludes with an exploration of the interplay between the experience of Pacific contact and the currents of thought which characterised the Enlightenment in Germany.
Download or read book The Spatial Reformation written by Michael J. Sauter and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2018-11-21 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Spatial Reformation, Michael J. Sauter offers a sweeping history of the way Europeans conceived of three-dimensional space, including the relationship between Earth and the heavens, between 1350 and 1850. He argues that this "spatial reformation" provoked a reorganization of knowledge in the West that was arguably as important as the religious Reformation. Notably, it had its own sacred text, which proved as central and was as ubiquitously embraced: Euclid's Elements. Aside from the Bible, no other work was so frequently reproduced in the early modern era. According to Sauter, its penetration and suffusion throughout European thought and experience call for a deliberate reconsideration not only of what constitutes the intellectual foundation of the early modern era but also of its temporal range. The Spatial Reformation contends that space is a human construct: that is, it is a concept that arises from the human imagination and gets expressed physically in texts and material objects. Sauter begins his examination by demonstrating how Euclidean geometry, when it was applied fully to the cosmos, estranged God from man, enabling the breakthrough to heliocentrism and, by extension, the discovery of the New World. Subsequent chapters provide detailed analyses of the construction of celestial and terrestrial globes, Albrecht Dürer's engraving Melencolia, the secularization of the natural history of the earth and man, and Hobbes's rejection of Euclid's sense of space and its effect on his political theory. Sauter's exploration culminates in the formation of a new anthropology in the eighteenth century that situated humanity in reference to spaces and places that human eyes had not actually seen. The Spatial Reformation illustrates how these disparate advancements can be viewed as resulting expressly from early modernity's embrace of Euclidean geometry.
Download or read book Elements of the Natural History of the Animal Kingdom Comprising the Characters of the Whole Genera and of the Most Remarkable Species Particularly Those that are Natives of Britain Etc The Second Edition written by Charles STEWART (Member of the Linnæan Society, London.) and published by . This book was released on 1817 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the 13th International Congress on Mathematical Education written by Gabriele Kaiser and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-31 with total page 735 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. The book presents the Proceedings of the 13th International Congress on Mathematical Education (ICME-13) and is based on the presentations given at the 13th International Congress on Mathematical Education (ICME-13). ICME-13 took place from 24th- 31st July 2016 at the University of Hamburg in Hamburg (Germany). The congress was hosted by the Society of Didactics of Mathematics (Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Mathematik - GDM) and took place under the auspices of the International Commission on Mathematical Instruction (ICMI). ICME-13 brought together about 3.500 mathematics educators from 105 countries, additionally 250 teachers from German speaking countries met for specific activities. Directly before the congress activities were offered for 450 Early Career Researchers. The proceedings give a comprehensive overview on the current state-of-the-art of the discussions on mathematics education and display the breadth and deepness of current research on mathematical teaching-and-learning processes. The book introduces the major activities of ICME-13, namely articles from the four plenary lecturers and two plenary panels, articles from the five ICMI awardees, reports from six national presentations, three reports from the thematic afternoon devoted to specific features of ICME-13. Furthermore, the proceedings contain descriptions of the 54 Topic Study Groups, which formed the heart of the congress and reports from 29 Discussion Groups and 31 Workshops. The additional important activities of ICME-13, namely papers from the invited lecturers, will be presented in the second volume of the proceedings.
Download or read book A System of Natural History adapted for the instruction of youth in the form of a dialogue Now first translated into English Edited by R H written by Georg Christian RAFF and published by . This book was released on 1796 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
