Download or read book Fusarium Species Infecting Soybean Roots written by Maria Mercedes Diaz Arias and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Identification of Fungi written by Youssuf Gherbawy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-03 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungi enjoy great popularity in pharmaceutical, agricultural, and biotechnological applications. Recent advances in the decipherment of whole fungal genomes promise an acceleration of these trends. This timely book links scientists from different parts of the world who are interested in the molecular identification of fungi combined with the exploration of the fungal biodiversity in different ecosystems. It provides a compendium for scientists who rely on a rapid and reliable detection of fungal specimens in environmental as well as clinical resources in order to ensure the benefit of industrial and clinical applications. Chapters focus on the opportunities and limits of the molecular marker-mediated identification of fungi. Various methods, procedures and strategies are outlined. Furthermore, the book offers an update of the current progress in the development of fungal molecular techniques, and draws attention to potential and associated problems, as well as integrating theory and practice.
Download or read book Soybean Diseases written by John Melvin Dunleavy and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook supersedes Circular 931, "Diseases of Soybeans."
Download or read book Species of Fusarium Causing Root Rot of Soybean in South Dakota written by Paul Nyawanda Okello and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies of Fusarium Virguliforme Causing Sudden Death Syndrome of Soybean written by Ramiz Mahdi Salih Alabdalsaid and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fusarium virguliforme is one of the important pathogens on soybeans, and it is a soil borne pathogen. This pathogen causes sudden death syndrome on soybean (SDS). The fungus remains in the soil or on the plant residues for many years in the form of chlamydospores. When the appropriate conditions are available for the infection, the pathogen penetrates the soybean's roots and causes symptoms on the roots that appear in the form of reddish-brown, discoloration and necrosis. On the leaves the symptoms appear in the form of irregular spots shape. In the development of the infection the fall of leaves, abortion of flowers and pods occur. Due to the economic importance of the disease and the fungus that causes it. This study conducted to gain more information and understand the behavior of the pathogen. The results study of the effect of some culture media, pH and nitrogen sources on F. virguliforme growth in vitro showed that the pathogen has able to grow on all culture media that used. on culture media Czapek Dox agar (CDA) and Malt Extract Agar (MEA), the F. virguliforme was grown fast to cover plate in 8 days of incubation. Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA) and Malt Extract Agar (MEA) were the best culture media for fungal sporulation while the lowest number of spores was on Glucose yeast peptone Agar (GYPA). Also, the study showed the best pH for radial growth was 7 at 20, 25 and 30 C. But the radial growth of Fungus was slow at pH 10. The fungal sporulation at pH 6 was good comparing to fungal sporulation at pH 10 which was less. The radial growth of fungus was affected by different nitrogen sources and concentration. In general, the ammonium sulphate was not suitable for fungal radial growth and The best fungal sporulation was on media with peptone 2 g comparing with other nitrogen sources. In the second chapter, the results of histopathology of roots for two soybean varieties infected by F. virguliforme showed that the pathogen uses the same strategy to attack the roots of soybean varieties, penetration and colonization. The pathogen can grow intercellular and intracellular. During infection the pathogen causes damage to the root cells. Accumulating of materials inside root's cells because pathogen invasion. The last chapter in this study is, effect light on F. virguliforme growth. The study showed that the radial growth of the fungus was the maximum under continuous darkness comparing to fungal radial growth under light/dark cycle 12/12 LD, 16/8 LD and 18/6 LD. In addition to that colorful bands were formed when the fungus grew under under light/dark cycle. The results showed the ability of pathogen to cause Lesion on soybean stems under light/dark cycle. Also, using two inoculum 105, 106 of pathogen to test it pathogenicity on soybean roots showed no significant differences.
Download or read book Compendium of Soybean Diseases written by James Burton Sinclair and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Production; Soybean diseases; Infectious diseases; Bacterial diseases; Bacterial blight; Bacterial pustule; Bacterial tan spot; Wildfire; Bacterial wilts; Crown gall; Other bacteria; Mycoplasmalike diseases; Machismo; Bud proliferation; Witches'-broom and phyllody; Beneficial bacteria; Fungal diseases; Fungal diseases of foliage, upper stems, pods, and seeds; Alternaria leaf spot and pod necrosis; Anthracnose; Brown spot; Cercospora blight and leaf spot; Choanephora leaf blight; Downy mildew; Frogeye leaf spot; Phyllosticta leaf spot; Powdery mildew; Red leaf blotch; Rhizoctonia aerial blight; Rust; Scab; Target spot; Fungal diseases of roots and lower stems; Brown stem rot; Charcoal rot; Fusarium blight or wilt, root rot, and pod and collar rot; Phytophthora rot; Pod and stem blight and Phomopsis seed decay; Stem canker; Pythium rot; Red crown rot; Rhizoctonia diseases; Sclerotinia stem rot; Sclerotium blight; Thielaviopsis root rot; Other fungi associated with root rots; Beneficial fungi; Virus diseases; Bean pod mottle virus; Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus; Peanut mottle virus; Soybean dwarf virus; Soybean mosaic virus; Tobacco ringspot virus; Tobacco streak virus; Bean yellow mosaic virus; Black gram mottle virus; Cowpea mild mottle virus; Cowpea severe mosaic virus; Indonesian soybean dwarf virus; Mung bean yellow mosaic virus; Peanut stripe virus; Soybean chlorotic mottle virus; Soybean Crinkle leaf virus; Soybean yellow vein virus; Tobacco mosaic virus; Other viruses; Nematode diseases; Soybean cyst nematode; Lance nematodes; Lesion nematodes; Reniform nematode; Root-knot nematodes; Sting nematodes; Other nematodes; Seed pathology; Detection of seedborne pathogens; Seedborne bacteria and bacterial diseases of seeds; Bacillus seed decay; Other seedborne bacteria; Seedborne fungi and fungal diseases of seeds; Alternaria pod and seed decay; Purple seed stain; Cercospora sojina; Chaetomium cupreum; Colletotrichum truncatum; Diaporthe-Phomopsis complex; Fusarium spp.; Macrophomina phaseolina; Yeast spot (Nematospora spot); Peronospora manshurica; Phomopsis seed decay; Other seedborne fungi; Postharvest pathology; Seedborne viruses; Other pathogens associated with seeds; Diseases of unknown or uncertain cause; Foliage blight; Sudden death syndrome; Yellow leaf spot; Noninfectious or stress diseases; Crusting and compaction; Frost; Hail; Heat canker; Lightning; Sunburn; Water stress; Mineral deficiencies and toxicities; Herbicide damage; Insecticide damage; Air pollutants; Soybean disease management strategies; Exclusion; Eradication; Protection; Disease resistance; Integrated pest management.
Download or read book Investigating Management and Genetics of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome Pathogens Fusarium Virguliforme and F Brasiliense written by Mitchell G. Roth and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annual soybean production in the U.S. is worth nearly $40 billion, valued for its oils and protein content. Many pathogens and pests cause significant soybean yield losses each year, but one of the top threats is sudden death syndrome (SDS). At least five fungal species cause soybean SDS globally, but only two have been found in the U.S.; Fusarium virguliforme and F. brasiliense. These soil-borne pathogens infect root tissues and cause root rot, with continued infection leading to foliar interveinal chlorosis, interveinal necrosis, leaf drop, and yield loss. The pathogens are strong saprophytes that can overwinter in soybean and corn residue, so successful management is difficult. Long-term crop rotations and seed treatments with fungicides show some efficacy, but these strategies can be costly for growers. Growers desire genetic resistance to SDS, but no soybean germplasm has shown 100% resistance to SDS to date. Therefore, the overall goals of projects presented in this dissertation were to help improve SDS management and explore the biology and genetics of F. virguliforme and F. brasiliense. To achieve these goals, I developed a risk prediction tool for integration with current SDS management strategies (Chapter 2). This study revealed that pathogen data collected from soil at-planting can be used to accurately model spatial distributions pathogens and model future SDS development and yield loss at a field level. This risk prediction study used a qPCR assay specific for F. virguliforme, but a similar qPCR assay for F. brasiliense did not exist. Therefore, I developed a qPCR assay that can distinguish F. brasiliense from close relatives (Chapter 3). This tool that can be used to generate SDS-prediction models for F. brasiliense and I predict will be valuable in diagnostic labs across the country to distinguish between these two species. To advance our understanding of the biology and genetics of these pathogens, I developed a new protoplast generation and transformation method to generate fluorescent strains of each pathogen (Chapter 4). This chapter is the first to report genetic transformation in F. brasiliense. Furthermore, I used the fluorescent strains to investigate the synergistic role of soil-borne nematodes in SDS (Chapter 5). The interactions between these fungal pathogens and nematodes in vitro show that F. virguliforme and F. brasiliense can colonize immobile nematodes, but suggest that they are not actively vectored into soybean roots by nematodes. The genetic mechanisms of SDS development are poorly understood, so I developed high quality genome sequences for F. virguliforme and F. brasiliense (Chapter 6) and investigated two recognized effector proteins; FvTox1 and FvNIS1 (Chapter 7). The genome assemblies developed here have significantly improved continuity, with improved genome assembly metrics like contig length (N50) and contig number. However, whole-genome alignments between F. virguliforme and F. brasiliense from soybean (Glycine max) or dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) did not reveal obvious mobile pathogenicity chromosomes that have been observed in the close relative F. oxysporum. However, these genome resources should facilitate discovery of new fungal effector proteins like FvTox1 and FvNIS1. Interestingly, my results show that FvNIS1 is able to induce a hypersensitive response in tobacco, while FvTox1 is not, suggesting a conserved mechanism between soybean and tobacco for FvNIS1 recognition. Overall, this work provides valuable tools for managing and studying SDS-causing fungi, while also revealing insights into the genetics and genomics of the SDS-causing pathogens F. virguliforme and F. brasiliense.
Download or read book Fusarium written by Tulin Askun and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-07-25 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fusarium species are ubiquitous environmental fungi and can cause severe invasive infections in plants. They are crop pathogens, and consumption of such infected crops can cause diseases in humans and animals. Furthermore, they act as spoilage organisms in stored products, such as wheat, sorghum, rice, and corn (maize). Fusarium species are mycotoxin producers and contaminate food and grains. Therefore, their eradication and management have economic importance as they can cause enormous economic and agricultural production losses. Despite the fact that the genus Fusarium Link (1809) has been known for over 200 years, new scientific information is being revealed by rapid advancements and breakthrough findings of interdisciplinary studies. This book presents an introductory overview of an update to the scientific knowledge about Fusarium. It discusses various aspects of Fusarium, such as its genetic diversity, root rot incidence and severity, genetic resistance, molecular markers, mycotoxins, diseases caused by Fusarium, and their management and the biological control of these phytopathogens. Furthermore, it also elaborates upon new plant secondary metabolites that are effective against Fusarium and the molecular interaction between Fusarium and the plant.
Download or read book Fusarium Wilt of Soybean and Effect of Tillage Practices on Occurrence of F u s a r i u m Species in Roots and Soil written by Nina P. Ferrant and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizas on Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Ecosystems written by Silvio Gianiazzi and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, prepared by participants of the European network COST ACTION 810 (1989-93) is the outcome of a meeting held in Switzerland (Einsiedeln, September 29 to October 2, 1993) on the "Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizas on sustainable agriculture and natural ecosystems". COST(Cooperation Scientifique et Technique) Networks were created in 1971 by the Commission of European Communities, and later enlarged to include non-European Member States, to promote pre-competitive scientific and technical research in fields of common interest. During the eighties, COST ACTIONS were launched in bio technological fields, including the network on arbuscular mycorrhizas. Arbuscular mycorrhizas are a universally found symbiosis between plants and certain soil fungi and essential components of soil-plant systems. They act as a major inter face by influencing or regulating resource allocation between abiotic and biotic components of the soil-plant system. Arbuscular mycorrhizas are involved in many key ecosystem processes including nutrient cycling and conservation of soil struc ture, and have been shown to improve plant health through increased protection against abiotic and biotic stresses. Sustainability can be defined as the successful management of resources to satisfy changing human needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of the environ ment and conserving resources. Increasing environmental degradation and instability, due to anthropogenic activities and in particular the increasing fragility of the soil resource, has led to an increased awareness of the need to develop practices resulting in more sustainable natural and agroecosystems.
Download or read book Response of Transgenic Soybean Roots to Soybean Cyst Nematode Infection written by R. A. Narayanan and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fusarium Wilt of Banana written by Randy C. Ploetz and published by American Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 1990 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fusarium wilt of banana: some history and current status of the disease; Importante of fusarium wilt in different banana-growing regions; Taxonomy of fungi in the genus fusarium with emphasis on fusarium oxysporum; Genetic exchange within sexual and asexual populations of the genus fusarium; Molecular genetics of plant pathogenic fusarium oxysporum; Using karyotype variability to investigate the origins and relatednes of isolates of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense; Population biology of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense; Biological control of diseases caused by fusarium oxysporum; Influence of mineral nutrition on fusarium wilt: a proposed mechanism involving cell water relations; Host responses to the pathogen; Banana breeding and fusarium wilt; Breeding bananas and plantains for resistance to fusariu m wilt: the track record; Somaclonal resistance in cavendish banana to fusarium wilt; Baseline tissue and cell culture studies for use in banana improvement schemes.
Download or read book The Fusarium Laboratory Manual written by John F. Leslie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time in over 20 years, a comprehensive collection of photographs and descriptions of species in the fungal genus Fusarium is available. This laboratory manual provides an overview of the biology of Fusarium and the techniques involved in the isolation, identification and characterization of individual species and the populations in which they occur. It is the first time that genetic, morphological and molecular approaches have been incorporated into a volume devoted to Fusarium identification. The authors include descriptions of species, both new and old, and provide protocols for genetic, morphological and molecular identification techniques. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual also includes some of the evolutionary biology and population genetics thinking that has begun to inform the understanding of agriculturally important fungal pathogens. In addition to practical “how-to” protocols it also provides guidance in formulating questions and obtaining answers about this very important group of fungi. The need for as many different techniques as possible to be used in the identification and characterization process has never been greater. These approaches have applications to fungi other than those in the genus Fusarium. This volume presents an introduction to the genus Fusarium, the toxins these fungi produce and the diseases they can cause. "The Fusarium Laboratory Manual is a milestone in the study of the genus Fusarium and will help bridge the gap between morphological and phylogenetic taxonomy. It will be used by everybody dealing with Fusarium in the Third Millenium." --W.F.O. Marasas, Medical Research Council, South Africa
Download or read book Legume Crops written by Mirza Hasanuzzaman and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-10-21 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a sustainable agricultural system, legume crops are one of the essential components. However, improving the productivity of legume crops and improving their tolerance to adverse environments are essential tasks for plant biologists. This book includes nine comprehensive chapters addressing various aspects of legume crop biology, production and importance. There are several chapters on the adaptation of legumes to an adverse environment. Particular focus is provided on the sustainable production of legume crops under changing environments. This book will be useful for undergraduate and graduate students, teachers, and researchers, particularly from the field of Crop Science, Soil Science, Plant Breeding and Agronomy.
Download or read book Rhizoctonia Species Taxonomy Molecular Biology Ecology Pathology and Disease Control written by B. Sneh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rhizoctonia Species: Taxonomy, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Pathology and Control, written by the world's most reputable experts in their respective fields of Rhizoctonia research, summarizes years of research in the various aspects of the ubiquitous complex group of soil-borne fungi belonging to the anamorph genus Rhizoctonia. Species of Rhizoctonia worldwide cause economically important diseases on most of the world's important plants such as cereals, potato, cotton, sugarbeet, vegetables, ornamentals and trees in nurseries. The subject reviews covered in the book include classic as well as modern approaches to Rhizoctonia research in: Taxonomy and Evolution, Genetics and Pathogenicity, Plant-Rhizoctonia Interactions, Ecology, Population and Disease Dynamics, Disease Occurrence and Management in Various Crops, Cultural Control, Biological Control, Germplasm for Resistance, Chemical and Integrated Control Strategies. It aims to be the standard reference source book on Rhizoctonia for the next decade or more, just as Parmeter et al. (1970) has been in the past. It will be an important publication for Rhizoctonia investigators, plant pathologists, students, extension specialists, crop producers and companies dealing with plant disease control.
Download or read book Compendium of Soybean Diseases and Pests written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Fungicide Seed Treatments on Fusarium Virguliforme and Development of Sudden Death Syndrome in Soybean written by Japheth D. Weems and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sudden death syndrome (SDS) is a soilborne disease responsible for causing significant yield reductions across soybean-producing states. Recent research indicates that infection of the soybean radicle early in the season by Fusarium virguliforme (Fv), the SDS pathogen, is critical for disease development. This suggests fungicide seed treatments could be effective in limiting early infection possibly resulting in disease control. Field, greenhouse, and laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate eight fungicides in multiple seed treatment combinations for effects on Fv infection and SDS development. Seed treatments were applied to cultivars that were moderately resistant and moderately susceptible to SDS. Field studies were conducted at two locations: in 2008, the Valmeyer, IL location was naturally infested with Fv, and in 2008 and 2009 the Urbana, IL location had a natural Fv infestation and soil was augmented with sterilized grain sorghum colonized by Fv. Similarly, the greenhouse study was inoculated with sterilized, Fv infested grain sorghum to evaluate the same seed treatments on moderately resistant and moderately susceptible cultivars. The rolled-paper towel laboratory assay tested the individual fungicides in the growth chamber using a Fv macroconidial suspension to inoculate treated seed and assess effects on seed germination, plant length, lesion size, and disease severity. Fv DNA concentrations in soybean roots were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in early vegetative stage roots. Soybean roots from the field were collected at three timings for digital scanning and analysis with root analysis software to measure root disease symptoms. Roots were scanned and analyzed at the completion of the greenhouse trial. SDS foliar symptoms were rated several times throughout plant growth and the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated. Harvest data were collected for the field study. In the field, seed treatments had no effect on Fv DNA concentrations in roots. Seed treatments had very little effect on roots analyzed from the field. Most seed treatments did significantly decrease SDS foliar symptoms at the Valmeyer field study compared to the control, but no differences in foliar symptoms were observed for the Urbana field studies. Yield was unaffected by seed treatments. In the greenhouse, Fv DNA concentrations were reduced by a treatment combining mefenoxam + thiophanate-methyl + azoxystrobin + B. pumilus + prothioconazole + fludioxonil compared to the non-treated control; however, the reduction in Fv DNA did not improve root growth or decrease SDS foliar symptoms compared to the non-treated control. The Fv DNA concentrations in roots did not significantly correlate to SDS foliar symptoms in the field; however, a significant positive correlation was found in the greenhouse between Fv DNA and SDS foliar symptoms. Several seed treatments decreased lesion length and disease severity compared to the non-treated inoculated control in the rolled-towel laboratory assay, but the biological seed treatment, B. pumilus, significantly decreased seed germination and plant length while increasing lesion length and SDS severity compared to the non-treated inoculated control. In conclusion, none of the seed treatments evaluated proved to have consistent effects on Fv or SDS.
