Download or read book Functional Mechanisms at the Avian Gut Microbiome Intestinal Immunity Interface and its Regulation of Avian Physiological Responses written by Michael Kogut and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-25 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Avian Gut Function in Health and Disease written by Graham C. Perry and published by CABI. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains conference proceedings of the 28th Poultry Science Symposium of the World's Poultry Science Association held in Bristol, UK, in September 2005. It focuses on the discontinued use of antibiotics in poultry and on the interactions between the birds, dietary factors and pathogens. The 23 chapters include the history, current use and legislative aspects of feed additives in the European Union; poultry nutrition without antibiotics; early development of the small intestinal function; absorptive function of the small intestine; epithelial structure and function of the hen intestine; immunological development of the gut; molecular approaches to the analysis of the gastrointestinal microbial ecosystems; microbial flora of the chicken digestive tract; mechanisms of pathogen control in the digestive tract; effect of nonstarch polysaccharidases on gastrointestinal function; effects of amino acid and protein supply on nutrition and health; the role of feed processing on gastrointestinal function and health in poultry; the causes, prevention and the role of nutrition in the production of wet litter; influence of gut health and immunity on micronutrient supply; virus-induced gastrointestinal diseases of chickens and turkeys; the digestive tract as an entry point for bacterial infections; Eimeria spp. genetics, protection and antigen identification; developments and constraints of feed acidification in controlling gut pathogens in poultry, with an emphasis on Salmonella spp., competitive exclusion in poultry production; Campylobacter spp. and their bacteriophages in poultry; breeding for disease resistance; The EU perspective on the monitoring of zoonoses and zoonotic agents and the significance of gastrointestinal problems to poultry farmers. This book will be of interest to researchers in food science and veterinary medicine, decision makers and poultry farmers.
Download or read book Sturkie s Avian Physiology written by Colin G. Scanes and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-11-06 with total page 1464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sturkie's Avian Physiology, Seventh Edition is the classic comprehensive single volume on the physiology of domestic as well as wild birds. This latest edition is thoroughly revised and updated and features several new chapters with entirely new content on such topics as vision, sensory taste, pain reception, evolution, and domestication. Chapters throughout have been greatly expanded due to the many recent advances in the field. This book is written by international experts in different aspects of avian physiology. For easy reading and searches, this book is structured under a series of themes, beginning with genomic studies, sensory biology and nervous systems, and major organs. The chapters then move on to investigate metabolism, endocrine physiology, reproduction, and finally cross-cutting themes such as stress and rhythms. New chapters on feathers and skin are featured as well. Sturkie’s Avian Physiology, Seventh Edition is an important resource for ornithologists, poultry scientists, and other researchers in avian studies. It is also useful for students in avian or poultry physiology, as well as avian veterinarians. Stands out as the only single volume devoted to bird physiology Features updates, revisions, or additions to each chapter Written and edited by international leaders in avian studies
Download or read book Gut Microbiota Immunity and Health in Production Animals written by Michael H. Kogut and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-01-20 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work sheds new light on the interplay between the gut, gut microbiota, and host physiological processes in production animals. The gut microbiome shapes health and susceptibility to disease and has become a leading area of research in the animal sciences. Gut health encompasses a number of physiological and functional features. Nutrient digestion and absorption, host metabolism and energy generation, a stable microbiome, mucus layer development, barrier function, and mucosal immune responses; all of which are required to interact to make an animal perform physiologically and according to its greatest genetic potential. This carefully presented book broadens our vision, approach and results on gut health and the ability to regulate animal production. Understanding the chemistry of microbiomes has broad implications, including providing functional annotations for the microbial genomes, insights into the chemical languages that link microbes to each other and to their host, and translational implications for precision veterinary medicine, environmental health, and sustainable animal agriculture and welfare. Experts working in microbiome research, host immunity, and animal production, veterinarians and researchers in livestock science will understand the great importance of this volume.
Download or read book Research Grants Index written by National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 1224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gut Microbial Taxa and Products that Regulate Immune Responses and Disease Features written by Yu-Ling Chang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gut microbiome has a profound effect on human health and disease. The burgeoning body of research investigating the gut microbiome has illustrated its important roles on not only the local inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, but also on systemic immunological disorders, such as autoimmune diseases. Many of these associations were determined at the level of metagenome analysis. This provides categorical information on both taxonomic composition and predicted functional capacities of the microbial community. This thesis tackles the problem of how gut microbiota affect human diseases using both these categories of assessment. Although the accumulating evidence suggested the important roles of gut microbiota in the human immune system and Crohn's disease (CD), the molecular mechanisms of how microbiome directly modulates immune responses and leads to CD progression remain unclear. To advance the current understanding of microbial roles in CD, we developed a systems biology approach to assess the human immune function in response to disease-associated microbial products. Progress in computational omics analysis of the microbiome in CD enables the functional inference and prediction of microbial metabolites. Both genetic and clinical studies suggested the involvement of human CD4+ T cells in CD progression. We therefore tabulated a set of microbial metabolites predicted to be differentially abundant in CD, and screened these microbial metabolites for their bioactivity in human CD4+ T cell functions. Our screen revealed 15 bioactive microbial metabolites, 3 previously reported and 12 unprecedented, with selective action on CD4+ T cell cytokine production. Mechanistic assessment of one novel microbe-derived metabolite, ascorbate, revealed apoptosis of activated human CD4+ T cells associated with selective inhibition of glycolytic energy metabolism. These findings suggest a substantial rate (11%) of bioactive metabolites among the predicted CD-associated metabolite reservoirs and provide evidence for novel modes of microbial activity targeting T cell metabolism. Emerging studies have characterized the association of taxonomic composition with systemic autoimmune diseases with various clinical phenotypes and modes of pathologic immune responses. In this thesis, we assessed systemic sclerosis (SSc), a previously unstudied autoimmune disease with respect to the microbiome, notable for both systemic manifestations and gastrointestinal involvement. The metagenomic study of mucosal-luminal interface (MLI) samples revealed a unique microbial composition associated with disease state. Patients with SSc had decreased abundances of Faecalibacterium and Clostridium, and increased abundances of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Fusobacterium and -Proteobacteria compared with healthy controls. In addition, the increase of Fusobacterium species and the decrease of Bacteroides fragilis were associated with moderate/severe gastrointestinal symptoms. We conducted an independent study of faecal samples from two independent cohorts of patients, from United States and Norway, that revealed a similar group of microbial taxa associations, and a greater dysbiosis in patients from the United States. These studies enable the specific targets for intervention to avert or treat the gastrointestinal involvement in systemic sclerosis. The study of gut microbiota is beginning to evolve from association toward causality. The functions of gut microbiota are not only restricted to local inflammatory responses but expanded to systemic immune regulations.i We hypothesized that gut microbiome may regulate host immune cellular responses by producing metabolites. We investigated the bioactive microbial factors regulating Crohn's disease, and explored the potential microbial taxonomic biomarkers in a systemic autoimmune disorder, SSc. Those improved understandings of the microbiome activity and metabolism may inform therapeutic strategies and ultimately improve patient health.
Download or read book Gut Health The New Paradigm in Food Animal Production written by Ryan J. Arsenault and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-11-02 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gut health and specifically the gut microbiome-host interaction is currently a major research topic across the life sciences. In the case of animal sciences research into animal production and health, the gut has been a continuous area of interest. Production parameters such as growth and feed efficiency are entirely dependent on optimum gut health. In addition, the gut is a major immune organ and one of the first lines of defense in animal disease. Recent changes in animal production management and feed regulations, both regulatory and consumer driven, have placed added emphasis on finding ways to optimize gut health in novel and effective ways. In this volume we bring together original research and review articles covering three major categories of gut health and animal production: the gut microbiome, mucosal immunology, and feed-based interventions. Included within these categories is a broad range of scientific expertise and experimental approaches that span food animal production. Our goal in bringing together the articles on this research topic is to survey the current knowledge on gut health in animal production. The following 15 articles include knowledge and perspectives from researchers from multiple countries and research perspectives, all with the central goal of improving animal health and production.
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 1258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS supported Research pt A Subject access A H written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Poultry Nutrition written by Vincenzo Tufarelli and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-06 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this Special Issue is to publish high quality papers concerning poultry nutrition and the interrelations between nutrition, metabolism, microbiota and the health of poultry. Therefore, I invite submissions of recent findings, as original research or reviews, on poultry nutrition, including, but not limited to, the following areas: the effect of feeding on poultry meat end egg quality; nutrient requirements of poultry; the use of functional feed additives to improve gut health and immune status; microbiota; nutraceuticals; soybean meal replacers as alternative sources of protein for poultry; the effects of feeding poultry on environmental impacts; the use of feed/food by-products in poultry diet; and feed technology.
Download or read book Physiological and Clinical Aspects of Short Chain Fatty Acids written by John H. Cummings and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-12-02 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive volume to look at the importance of short-chain fatty acids in digestion, the function of the large intestine and their role in human health. Short-chain fatty acids are the major product of bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates in the human and animal large intestine. They represent the major end products of digestive processes occurring in the caecum and large intestine. As such, they form an important dietary component and it is increasingly recognised that they may have a significant role in protecting against large bowel cancer and in metabolism. Prepared by an international team of contributors who are at the forefront of this area of research, this volume will be an essential source of reference for gastroenterologists, nutritionists and others active in this area.
Download or read book Next Generation Probiotics From Commensal Bacteria to Novel Drugs and Food Supplements written by Philippe Langella and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Natural Autoantibodies written by Yehuda Shoenfeld and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-12-07 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Autoantibodies provides an in-depth analysis of all aspects of natural antibodies. The book examines the advantages and pitfalls of every type of technique that is widely used for detecting autoantibodies. It also covers the sequencing of human autoantibody genes, discussing how sequencing is undertaken and the genetic clues available to elucidate the genetic origins of autoimmunity. Animal models of autoimmunity are also covered, and the up-to-date account provided in this book explains how natural autoantibodies have important regulatory functions and also occasionally serve as templates for autoimmunity. Other topics examined in Natural Autoantibodies: Their Physiological Role and Regulatory Significance include idiotypes of natural autoantibodies; the pathogenic role of natural autoantibodies; and methods to measure the effects of genetic and sex hormones, as well as aging, on natural autoantibodies. The book will be an excellent research tool and reference for immunologists, rheumatologists, and others interested in the topic.
Download or read book Avian Immunology written by Bernd Kaspers and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Avian Immunology provides an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of avian immunology. From the ontogeny of the avian immune system to practical application in vaccinology, the book encompasses all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity in chickens. In addition, chapters are devoted to the immunology of other commercially important species such as turkeys and ducks, and to ecoimmunology summarizing the knowledge of immune responses in free-living birds often in relation to reproductive success. The book contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system, encompassing the mucosal, enteric, respiratory and reproductive systems. The diseases and disorders it covers include immunodepressive diseases and immune evasion, autoimmune diseases, and tumors of the immune system. Practical aspects of vaccination are examined as well. Extensive appendices summarize resources for scientists including cell lines, inbred chicken lines, cytokines, chemokines, and monoclonal antibodies. The world-wide importance of poultry protein for the human diet, as well as the threat of avian influenza pandemics like H5N1 and heavy reliance on vaccination to protect commercial flocks makes this book a vital resource. This book provides crucial information not only for poultry health professionals and avian biologists, but also for comparative and veterinary immunologists, graduate students and veterinary students with an interest in avian immunology. With contributions from 33 of the foremost international experts in the field, this book provides the most up-to-date review of avian immunology so far Contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system reviewing constitutive barriers, chemical and cellular responses; it includes a comprehensive review of avian Toll-like receptors Contains a wide-ranging review of the "ecoimmunology" of free-living avian species, as applied to studies of population dynamics, and reviews methods and resources available for carrying out such research
Download or read book The nutritional immunological effects and mechanisms of chemical constituents from the homology of medicine and food written by Peng Ji and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-07-20 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ending the War Metaphor written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-07-09 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases have existed longer than us, as long as us, or are relatively newer than us. It may be the case that a disease has existed for many, many years but has only recently begun affecting humans. At the turn of the century the number of deaths caused by infections in the United States had been falling steadily but since the '80s has seen an increase. In the past 30 years alone 37 new pathogens have been identified as human disease threats and 12% of known human pathogens have been classified as either emerging or remerging. Whatever the story, there is currently a "war" on infectious diseases. This war is simply the systematic search for the microbial "cause" of each disease, followed by the development of antimicrobial therapies. The "war" on infectious diseases, however, must be revisited in order to develop a more realistic and detailed picture of the dynamic interactions among and between host organisms and their diverse populations of microbes. Only a fraction of these microbes are pathogens. Thus, in order to explore the crafting of a new metaphor for host-microbe relationships, and to consider how such a new perspective might inform and prioritize biomedical research, the Forum on Microbial Threats of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened the workshop, Ending the War Metaphor: The Changing Agenda for Unraveling the Host-Microbe Relationship on March 16-17, 2005. Workshop participants examined knowledge and approaches to learning about the bacterial inhabitants of the human gut, the best known host-microbe system, as well as findings from studies of microbial communities associated with other mammals, fish, plants, soil, and insects. The perspective adopted by this workshop is one that recognizes the breadth and diversity of host-microbe relationships beyond those relative few that result in overt disease. Included in this summary are the reports and papers of individuals participating in the Forum as well as the views of the editors.
Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1972-10 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
