Download or read book Functional Genomic Approaches to Study Cell Polarity Regulation by G1 Cyclins in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Jian Zou and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the G1-specific cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) Cln1-, Cln2-Cdc28 and Pcl1-, Pcl2-Pho85 are essential for ensuring that DNA replication and cell division are properly linked to cell polarity and bud morphogenesis. However, like most genes in S. cerevisiae, individual cyclin genes are not required for viability, and the phenotypes associated with deletion of any single cyclin gene tend to be subtle. My goal was to dissect the cellular roles of the G1 cyclins by systematically identifying their genetic interactions. To do this, I conducted Synthetic Genetic Array (SGA) screens using strains deleted for different combinations of cyclin genes. The results of screens with strains deleted for the G1 cyclin pairs, CLN1, CLN2, or PCL1, PCL2, confirmed a role for these cyclins in cell polarity regulation and identified novel G1 Cdk substrates, which I examined in more detail.One cell polarity regulator that showed an interesting pattern of genetic interactions with G1 cyclins was BNI1, which encodes a yeast formin protein. Overexpression of BNI1 caused an Synthetic Dosage Lethal interaction in the absence of both G1 cyclin pairs while its deletion caused synthetic lethality specifically in the absence of PCL1, PCL2. Consistent with these genetic interactions, phosphorylation of Bni1 was partially dependent on CLN1, CLN2. It has been proposed that Bni1 is regulated by intramolecular interactions. In an effort to discover how phosphorylation might affect Bni1 function, I developed assays to test for intramolecular interactions. In my experiments I found no evidence that Bni1 is regulated by intramolecular binding, as was proposed from parallels with its mouse homolog mDia1.I also found that deletion of BNI4, which encodes an adaptor protein that targets several proteins to the bud neck, results in severe growth defects in the absence of the Cdc28 cyclins Cln1 and Cln2, and overexpression of BNI4 was toxic in yeast cells lacking the Pho85 cyclins Pcl1 and Pcl2. I discovered that Bni4 was phosphorylated by Pcl1- and Pcl2-Pho85 in vitro and that phosphorylation of Bni4 was dependent on PCL1 and PCL2 in vivo. Further analysis showed that phosphorylation of Bni4 by Pcl-Pho85 is necessary for its localization to bud neck, and the bud neck structure can be disrupted by overexpressing BNI4 in pcl1Deltapcl2Delta mutant cells. I propose that if Bni4 cannot be regulated by phosphorylation, it may titrate away an essential component that resides at the bud neck, thus causing catastrophic morphogenesis defects. The relationship between G1 Cdk activity and the polarity regulator Bni4 serves as a bridge to link the cell cycle machine to the regulation of cell.
Download or read book Exploration of Cell Polarity and Essential Gene Function in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Jennifer Haynes and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The precise molecular and genetic functions of many conserved eukaryotic proteins that regulate fundamental cellular processes, such as polarized cell growth and actin cytoskeleton organization, are poorly understood. The high degree of conservation of cell cycle and cell polarity regulators among eukaryotic cells makes the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a useful model system for studying conserved cellular processes, such as cell cycle control and polarized cell growth. In this thesis, I describe the role of binding activity for an actin cytoskeleton regulator, Abp1p, which mediates multiple contacts with other proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton and polarized cell growth through a conserved protein-protein interaction module, the SH3 domain. I show that the impact of reductions in binding affinity of the Abp1p SH3 domain varies depending on the biological context and that considerable reductions in binding affinity can be tolerated by the cell, with little or no discernable effects on cell growth, suggesting a threshold at which growth defects begin. Functional genomics approaches have been developed in yeast to systematically analyze gene function on a genome-wide scale. Within the last ten years, a very large amount of diverse functional genomics and interaction data has been generated, including mRNA expression, protein-protein interaction, protein localization, and genetic interaction data. The integration of functional genomics and interaction data sets is of key importance for making confident predictions regarding gene function that can be followed-up by experimental verification. In this thesis, I describe the use of titratable promoter-replacement alleles to study essential gene function in yeast and the generation of multiple functional genomics and genetic interaction data sets for essential genes. I also describe my contributions to the discovery of novel functions for essential genes involved in a variety of different conserved cellular processes, which was facilitated by integrating the data from multiple functional genomics experiments.
Download or read book Genetic and Functional Genomic Approaches to Characterize Regulatory Proteins in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by JI- YOUN and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 Cdk5 written by Nancy Y. Ip and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-28 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 provides a comprehensive and up-to-date collection of reviews on the discovery, signaling mechanisms and functions of Cdk5, as well as the potential implication of Cdk5 in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Since the identification of this unique member of the Cdk family, Cdk5 has emerged as one of the most important signal transduction mediators in the development, maintenance and fine-tuning of neuronal functions and networking. Further studies have revealed that Cdk5 is also associated with the regulation of neuronal survival during both developmental stages and in neurodegenerative diseases. These observations indicate that precise control of Cdk5 is essential for the regulation of neuronal survival. The pivotal role Cdk5 appears to play in both the regulation of neuronal survival and synaptic functions thus raises the interesting possibility that Cdk5 inhibitors may serve as therapeutic treatment for a number of neurodegenerative diseases.
Download or read book Regulation of G1 Phase Progression written by Johannes Boonstra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-09-30 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this contribution, several specialists describe the current knowledge on the molecular networks that regulate cell cycle progression, with an emphasis on the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The first part of Regulation of G1 Phase Progression is concerned with the individual molecules that form the network, including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, inhibitors of these kinases and retinoblastoma and p53. The second section describes the signaling cascades by which external factors influence the cell cycle network, including mitogens, the extracellular matrix, nutrients and oxygen radicals. The last section describes the effects of specific external conditions on cell cycle progression and are presented such as serum starvation and subsequent re-addition and stress conditions (heat, osmolarity). The final two chapters describe the relation between cell cycle progression with cell differentiation and with apoptosis.
Download or read book Guide to Yeast Genetics and Molecular Biology written by Christine Guthrie and published by . This book was released on 1991-01-28 with total page 933 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Guide to Yeast Genetics and Molecular Biology presents, for the first time, a comprehensive compilation of the protocols and procedures that have made Saccharomyces cerevisiae such a facile system for all researchers in molecular and cell biology. Whether you are an established yeast biologist or a newcomer to the field, this volume contains all the up-to-date methods you will need to study "Your Favorite Gene" in yeast. Basic Methods in Yeast Genetics**Physical and genetic mapping**Making and recovering mutants**Cloning and Recombinant DNA Methods**High-efficiency transformation**Preparation of yeast artificial chromosome vectors**Basic Methods of Cell Biology**Immunomicroscopy**Protein targeting assays**Biochemistry of Gene Expression**Vectors for regulated expression**Isolation of labeled and unlabeled DNA, RNA, and protein
Download or read book Stress Activated Protein Kinases written by Francesc Posas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-24 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book leading researchers in the field discuss the state-of-the-art of many aspects of SAPK signaling in various systems from yeast to mammals. These include various chapters on regulatory mechanisms as well as the contribution of the SAPK signaling pathways to processes such as gene expression, metabolism, cell cycle regulation, immune responses and tumorigenesis. Written by international experts, the book will appeal to cell biologists and biochemists.
Download or read book Metabolism and Molecular Physiology of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by J. Richard Dickinson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-04-27 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the best-selling first edition, much has been discovered about Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the single-celled fungus commonly known as baker's yeast or brewer's yeast that is the basis for much of our understanding of the molecular and cellular biology of eukaryotes. This wealth of new research data demands our attention and r
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proteasome Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy written by Julian Adams and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-05-25 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A panel of leading academic and pharmaceutical investigators takes stock of the remarkable work that has been accomplished to date with proteasome inhibitors in cancer, and examines emerging therapeutic possibilities. The topics range from a discussion of the chemistry and cell biology of the proteasome and the rationale for proteasome inhibitors in cancer to a review of current clinical trials underway. The discussion of rationales for testing proteasome inhibitors in cancer models covers the role of the proteasome in NF-kB activation, the combining of conventional chemotherapy and radiation with proteasome inhibition, notably PS-341, new proteasome methods of inhibiting viral maturation, and the role of protesome inhibition in the treatment of AIDS. The authors also document the development of bortezomib (VelcadeTM) in Phase I clinical trials and in a multicentered Phase II clinical trials in patients with relapsed and refractory myeloma.
Download or read book The Cell Biology of Stem Cells written by Eran Meshorer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-11 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cells have been gaining a lot of attention in recent years. Their unique potential to self-renew and differentiate has turned them into an attractive model for the study of basic biological questions such as cell division, replication, transcription, cell fate decisions, and more. With embryonic stem (ES) cells that can generate each cell type in the mammalian body and adult stem cells that are able to give rise to the cells within a given lineage, basic questions at different developmental stages can be addressed. Importantly, both adult and embryonic stem cells provide an excellent tool for cell therapy, making stem cell research ever more pertinent to regenerative medicine. As the title The Cell Biology of Stem Cells suggests, our book deals with multiple aspects of stem cell biology, ranging from their basic molecular characteristics to the in vivo stem cell trafficking of adult stem cells and the adult stem-cell niche, and ends with a visit to regeneration and cell fate reprogramming. In the first chapter, “Early embryonic cell fate decisions in the mouse”, Amy Ralson and Yojiro Yamanaka describe the mechanisms that support early developmental decisions in the mouse pre-implantation embryo and the current understanding of the source of the most immature stem cell types, which includes ES cells, trophoblast stem (TS) cells and extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells.
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Download or read book The Journal of Cell Biology written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No. 2, pt. 2 of November issue each year from v. 19 (1963)-47 (1970) and v. 55 (1972)- contain the Abstracts of papers presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology, 3d (1963)-10th (1970) and 12th (1972)-
Download or read book Physical Biology of the Cell written by Rob Phillips and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2012-10-29 with total page 1089 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical Biology of the Cell is a textbook for a first course in physical biology or biophysics for undergraduate or graduate students. It maps the huge and complex landscape of cell and molecular biology from the distinct perspective of physical biology. As a key organizing principle, the proximity of topics is based on the physical concepts that
Download or read book Introduction to Epigenetics written by Renato Paro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease
Download or read book Systems Biology written by Lilia Alberghina and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-04 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For life to be understood and disease to become manageable, the wealth of postgenomic data now needs to be made dynamic. This development requires systems biology, integrating computational models for cells and organisms in health and disease; quantitative experiments (high-throughput, genome-wide, living cell, in silico); and new concepts and principles concerning interactions. This book defines the new field of systems biology and discusses the most efficient experimental and computational strategies. The benefits for industry, such as the new network-based drug-target design validation, and testing, are also presented.
Download or read book Fungi written by Kevin Kavanagh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-04 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungi: Biology and Applications, Second Edition provides a comprehensive treatment of fungi, covering biochemistry, genetics and the medical and economic significance of these organisms at introductory level. With no prior knowledge of the subject assumed, the opening chapters offer a broad overview of the basics of fungal biology, in particular the physiology and genetics of fungi and also a new chapter on the application of genomics to fungi. Later chapters move on to include more detailed coverage of topics such as antibiotic and chemical commodities from fungi, new chapters on biotechnological use of fungal enzymes and fungal proteomics, and fungal diseases of humans, antifungal agents for use in human therapy and fungal pathogens of plants.
