Download or read book Functional Domain Motions and Processivity in Bacterial Hyaluronate Lyase written by Harshad Joshi and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2010-05-12 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Processive enzymes are a special class of enzymes which presumably remain attached to their polymeric substrates between multiple rounds of catalysis. Due to this property, the substrate slides along the enzyme and reduces the time for the random diffusional enzyme-substrate encounters thereby increasing the efficiency of these enzymes manifold. Although structural information from many processive enzymes is available, the atomistic details of particularly the substrate sliding process, which is an inherently dynamic process, remain largely unknown. We take first steps to understand the sliding process by investigating a prototypic processive enzyme: Streptococcus Pneumoniae Hyaluronate lyase, a bacterial enzyme that degrades the polysaccharide substrate hyaluronan. Here we have investigated the flexibility of the enzyme as observed from essential dynamics simulations and its relation to the enzyme-substrate interactions by employing several free and enforced molecular dynamics simulations (on sub-microsecond timescale). This way we have identified a coupling between domain motions of the enzyme and the processivity or the sliding phase of the substrate. In the putative mechanism for the substrate translocation phase we observed an energy barrier along the processive direction and it is speculated that this may arise because of the reorientation of the sugar inside the cleft of the protein. This view was supported from the Force probe molecular dynamics simulations and umbrella sampling simulations that were employed to obtain a preliminary free energy profile underlying the mechanism. The observed free energy barrier is low enough to be easily crossed by thermal fluctuations, renderring essential slow collective domain rearrangements as likely rate-limiting factor for the processive cycle. The collective conformational motions of the protein along with particular interactions of individual amino acids may be involved in this translocation phase. Experimental validation along with further computational studies will be useful to understand this complex mechanism.
Download or read book Functional Domain Motions and Processivity in Bacterial Hyaluronate Lyase written by Harshad Vishwanath Joshi and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Viral Molecular Machines written by Michael G. Rossmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will contain a series of solicited chapters that concern with the molecular machines required by viruses to perform various essential functions of virus life cycle. The first three chapters (Introduction, Molecular Machines and Virus Architecture) introduce the reader to the best known molecular machines and to the structure of viruses. The remainder of the book will examine in detail various stages of the viral life cycle. Beginning with the viral entry into a host cell, the book takes the reader through replication of the genome, synthesis and assembly of viral structural components, genome packaging and maturation into an infectious virion. Each chapter will describe the components of the respective machine in molecular or atomic detail, genetic and biochemical analyses, and mechanism. Topics are carefully selected so that the reader is exposed to systems where there is a substantial infusion of new knowledge in recent years, which greatly elevated the fundamental mechanistic understanding of the respective molecular machine. The authors will be encouraged to simplify the detailed knowledge to basic concepts, include provocative new ideas, as well as design colorful graphics, thus making the cutting-edge information accessible to broad audience.
Download or read book Microbial Enzymes Roles and Applications in Industries written by Naveen Kumar Arora and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-28 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Microbial Enzymes: Roles and applications in industry” offers an essential update on the field of microbial biotechnology, and presents the latest information on a range of microbial enzymes such as fructosyltransferase, laccases, amylases, lipase, and cholesterol oxidase, as well as their potential applications in various industries. Production and optimisation technologies for several industrially relevant microbial enzymes are also addressed. In recent years, genetic engineering has opened up new possibilities for redesigning microbial enzymes that are useful in multiple industries, an aspect that the book explores. In addition, it demonstrates how some of the emerging issues in the fields of agriculture, environment and human health can be resolved with the aid of green technologies based on microbial enzymes. The topics covered here will not only provide a better understanding of the commercial applications of microbial enzymes, but also outline futuristic approaches to use microbial enzymes as driver of industrial sustainability. Lastly, the book is intended to provide readers with an overview of recent applications of microbial enzymes in various industrial sectors, and to pique researchers’ interest in the development of novel microbial enzyme technologies to meet the changing needs of industry.
Download or read book Proteases Structure and Function written by Klaudia Brix and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-21 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proteolysis is an irreversible posttranslational modification affecting each and every protein from its biosynthesis to its degradation. Limited proteolysis regulates targeting and activity throughout the lifetime of proteins. Balancing proteolysis is therefore crucial for physiological homeostasis. Control mechanisms include proteolytic maturation of zymogens resulting in active proteases and the shut down of proteolysis by counteracting endogenous protease inhibitors. Beyond the protein level, proteolytic enzymes are involved in key decisions during development that determine life and death – from single cells to adult individuals. In particular, we are becoming aware of the subtle role that proteases play in signaling events within proteolysis networks, in which the enzymes act synergistically and form alliances in a web-like fashion. Proteases come in different flavors. At least five families of mechanistically distinct enzymes and even more inhibitor families are known to date, many family members are still to be studied in detail. We have learned a lot about the diversity of the about 600 proteases in the human genome and begin to understand their physiological roles in the degradome. However, there are still many open questions regarding their actions in pathophysiology. It is in this area where the development of small molecule inhibitors as therapeutic agents is extremely promising. Approaching proteolysis as the most important, irreversible post-translational protein modification essentially requires an integrated effort of complementary research disciplines. In fact, proteolytic enzymes seem as diverse as the scientists working with these intriguing proteins. This book reflects the efforts of many in this exciting field of research where team and network formations are essential to move ahead.
Download or read book Student Companion to Accompany Fundamentals of Biochemistry written by Akif Uzman and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2012-01-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Voet and Pratt's 4th edition of Principles of Biochemistry, challenges readers to better understand the chemistry behind the biological structure and reactions occurring in living systems. The latest edition continues this tradition, and additionally incorporates coverage of recent research and an expanded focus on preparing and supporting students throughout the course. With the addition of new conceptual assessment content to WileyPLUS, providing the opportunity to assess conceptual understanding of key introductory biochemistry concepts and retrain themselves on their misconceptions WileyPLUS sold separately from text.
Download or read book Alginates Biology and Applications written by Bernd H. A. Rehm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-28 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Alginates: Biology and Applications" provides an overview of the state of art of alginate material properties, genetics and the molecular mechanisms underlying alginate biosynthesis as well as applications of tailor-made alginates in medicine, food and biotechnology. Topics treated are: material properties of alginates, alginate production: precursor biosynthesis, polymerization and secretion, bacterial system for alginate uptake and degradation, enzymatic alginate modification, alginate gene regulation, role of alginate in bacterial biofilms, microbial production of alginates: physiology and process aspects, alginate-based blends and nano/microbeads, applications of alginates in food, alginate and its comonomer mannuronic acid: medical relevance as drugs.
Download or read book Biodegradable Systems in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine written by Rui L. Reis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-11-29 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional materials technology has yielded clear improvements in regenerative medicine. Ideally, however, a replacement material should mimic the living tissue mechanically, chemically, biologically and functionally. The use of tissue-engineered products based on novel biodegradable polymeric systems will lead to dramatic improvements in health
Download or read book Dictionary of Microbiology Molecular Biology written by Paul Singleton and published by . This book was released on 2007-11-12 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Third, Revised Edition of a unique, encyclopaedic reference work covers the whole field of pure and applied microbiology and microbial molecular biology, from A to Zythia.
Download or read book Thermostability of Enzymes written by M. N. Gupta and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides information on thermostability of enzymes. It includes topics such as: structure, stability, isolation and purification of proteins; thermophilic microorganisms; models of enzyme deactivation; and chemical modification and crosslinking for enhancing thermostability for enzymes.
Download or read book Basic Concepts of Molecular Pathology written by Philip T. Cagle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-10 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades there has been an explosion in knowledge about the molecular pathology of human diseases which accelerated with the sequencing of the human genome in 2003. Molecular diagnostics and molecular targeted therapy have contributed to the current concept of personalized patient care that is now routine in many medical centers. As a result, general and subspecialty pathologists, clinical practitioners of all types and radiologists must now have an understanding of the basic concepts of molecular pathology and their role in new diagnostic and therapeutic applications to patient care. The Molecular Pathology Library series was created to bridge the gap between traditional basic science textbooks in molecular biology and traditional medical textbooks for organ-specific diseases. Basic Concepts of Molecular Pathology is designed as a stand-alone book to provide the pathologist, clinician or radiologist with a concise review of the essential terminology, concepts and tools of molecular biology that are applied to the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of human diseases in the age of personalized medicine. Those medical practitioners, residents, fellows and students who need to refer to the terminology and concepts of molecular pathology in their patient care will find the Basic Concepts of Molecular Pathology to be a succinct, portable, user-friendly aid in their practice and studies. The service-based physician will find this handy reference to be valuable at the laboratory benchside, at the patient bedside, at multidisciplinary patient care conferences or as a review for examinations.
Download or read book Proteoglycan Protocols written by Renato V. Iozzo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proteoglycans are some of the most elaborate macromolecules of mammalian and lower organisms. The covalent attachment of at least five types of glycosami- glycan side chains to more than forty individual protein cores makes these molecules quite complex and endows them with a multitude of biological functions. Proteoglycan Protocols offers a comprehensive and up-to-date collection of prepa- tive and analytical methods for the in-depth analysis of proteoglycans. Featuring st- by-step detailed protocols, this book will enable both novice and experienced researchers to isolate intact proteoglycans from tissues and cultured cells, to establish the composition of their carbohydrate moieties, to generate strategies for prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression, to utilize methods for the suppression of specific proteoglycan gene expression and for the detection of mutant cells and degradation products, and to study specific interactions between proteoglycans and extracellular matrix proteins as well as growth factors and their receptors. The readers will find concise, yet comprehensive techniques carefully drafted by leading experts in the field. Each chapter commences with a general Introduction, followed by a detailed Materials section, and an easy-to-follow Methods section. An asset of each chapter is the extensive notation that includes troubleshooting tips and practical considerations that are often lacking in formal methodology papers. The reader will find this section most valuable because it is clearly provided by experienced scientists who have first-hand knowledge of the techniques they outline. In addition, most of the chapters are well illustrated with examples of typical data generated with each method.
Download or read book Microbiome and Metabolome in Diagnosis Therapy and other Strategic Applications written by Joel Faintuch and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-01-03 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbiome and Metabolome in Diagnosis, Therapy, and Other Strategic Applications is the first book to simultaneously cover the microbiome and the metabolome in relevant clinical conditions. In a pioneering fashion, it addresses not only the classic intestinal environment, but also the oral, gastric, lung, skin and vaginal microbiome that is in line with the latest investigations. Nonbacterial microbiomes, such as fungi and viruses are not overlooked, and the plasma microbiome is also discussed. As plasma, brain, placenta, tumor cells, and other sterile fluids and tissues, are increasingly recognized to potentially host a microbiome, albeit a limited one, this is a timely resource. The book's editors were fortunate to have the input of renowned collaborators from nearly all continents. This is truly an international effort that brings the latest in the field to students and professionals alike. Provides comprehensive coverage on diagnosis, therapy, pharmacotherapy and disease prevention in context of the microbiome and metabolome Focuses on the proposed physiological or pathological conditions Presents an up-to-date, useful reference
Download or read book Cells Molecules and Mechanisms written by Eric Wong and published by Axolotl Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Yet another cell and molecular biology book? At the very least, you would think that if I was going to write a textbook, I should write one in an area that really needs one instead of a subject that already has multiple excellent and definitive books. So, why write this book, then? First, it's a course that I have enjoyed teaching for many years, so I am very familiar with what a student really needs to take away from this class within the time constraints of a semester. Second, because it is a course that many students take, there is a greater opportunity to make an impact on more students' pocketbooks than if I were to start off writing a book for a highly specialized upper- level course. And finally, it was fun to research and write, and can be revised easily for inclusion as part of our next textbook, High School Biology."--Open Textbook Library.
Download or read book Amino Acid Homopolymers Occurring in Nature written by Yoshimitsu Hamano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microorganisms are capable of producing a wide variety of biopolymers. Homopolymer peptides, which are made up of only a single type of amino acid, are far less ubiquitous. The only two amino-acid homopolymers known to occur in nature are presented in this volume. Poly-epsilon-L-lysine is a polycationic peptide and exhibits antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of microorganisms. It is both safe and biodegradable and is therefore used as a food preservative in several countries. In addition, there has been great interest in medical and other applications of poly-lysine and its derivatives. In contrast, poly-gamma-glutamic acid is an unusual anionic polypeptide. It is also water soluble, biodegradable, edible, non-toxic and non-immunogenic and can be chemically modified to introduce various drugs. These features are very useful for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Poly-glutamic acid is also a highly attractive as a food ingredient.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Microbiology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-01-14 with total page 4358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available as an exclusive product with a limited print run, Encyclopedia of Microbiology, 3e, is a comprehensive survey of microbiology, edited by world-class researchers. Each article is written by an expert in that specific domain and includes a glossary, list of abbreviations, defining statement, introduction, further reading and cross-references to other related encyclopedia articles. Written at a level suitable for university undergraduates, the breadth and depth of coverage will appeal beyond undergraduates to professionals and academics in related fields. 16 separate areas of microbiology covered for breadth and depth of content Extensive use of figures, tables, and color illustrations and photographs Language is accessible for undergraduates, depth appropriate for scientists Links to original journal articles via Crossref 30% NEW articles and 4-color throughout – NEW!
Download or read book Biochemistry written by Christopher K. Mathews and published by Addison Wesley Longman. This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its examination of biochemistry, this second edition of the text includes expositions of major research techniques through the Tools of Biochemistry, and a presentation of concepts through description of the experimental bases for those concepts.
