Download or read book Functional Analysis of the Latent Origin for DNA Replication of Kaposi s Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus written by Jianhong Hu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Elements Mediating Maintenance of Latent Kaposi s Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus Genomes written by Murray Adrian Cotter and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Analysis of the Cis and Trans acting Elements of Kaposi s Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus During Latent Infection written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic human herpesvirus that is causally associated with at least two malignancies. KSHV is present in proliferating cells of these malignancies primarily in its latent form as a multicopy plasmid. Its persistence in close to 100% of the proliferating tumor cells reveals two important features of its latency; first, the latent genomes have to replicate each cell cycle efficiently enough to ensure that they are retained in a majority of the daughter cells; and second, the latent genes must provide selective advantages, likely to be proliferative and/or anti-apoptotic in nature, to the tumor cells to ensure that the cells that retain them outgrow those that don't. This work describes findings on the necessary cis- and trans-acting factors that contribute to both of these features of KSHV's latency. Each KSHV genome encodes many potential origins of latent replication. Here I have shown that these many origins provide an essential advantage to KSHV allowing the DNAs not only to be synthesized and partitioned into daughter cells efficiently, but also to persist in the dividing cells for a long-term without rearrangement. I have also shown that the correct spacing between KSHV's origins of DNA synthesis is required for them to support synthesis efficiently. Additionally, this work has allowed us to generate a minimal replicon of KSHV that can be used as a model with which aspects of KSHV's latent replication can be studied. I have also provided insights into the selective advantages that latent KSHV provides infected tumor cells by forcing their loss from latently infected cells of Primary Effusion Lymphomas (PEL). The survival of more than 98% of the cells in multiple PEL cell lines tested was inhibited upon the eviction of KSHV genomes, providing direct evidence that KSHV provides survival factors to these cells. Complementation of these KSHV-evicted cells with anti-apoptotic genes was not sufficient to rescue their survival, indicating that the contributions of KSHV to PELs extend beyond protection from apoptosis. Evicting latent KSHV genomes from infected tumor cells could, thus, be therapeutically beneficial for patients with PELs and other KSHV-associated malignancies.
Download or read book Functional analysis of a herpesvirus origin of DNA replication and expression of a foreign transactivator protein in a recombinant Herpes Simplex Virus written by Yi Geng and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
Download or read book Determination of KSHV Lytic DNA Replication Origin Using SMARD and Its Control Mechanism written by Maria Elizabeth McDowell and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While it is clear that Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) lesions and non-Hodgkins lymphomas such as primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), the molecular mechanism of lytic replication is still unclear. It is during lytic phase of viral life cycle virions are produced and tumorigenesis is induced in the host, thereby demonstrating the importance of discerning the mechanism of lytic replication in order to advance anti-viral treatments. KSHV lytic replication is initiated by ORF50/RTA, an immediate early lytic protein, which acts as a transcription factor activating downstream lytic factors. Previous research has indicated that RTA, along with other lytic proteins, binds to KSHV origin of lytic replication ( ori Lyt) in order to initiate viral DNA synthesis essential for virion production. One of these proteins is the KSHV processivity factor, ORF59, which has been shown to be crucial for the synthesis of viral transcripts by viral polymerase, ORF9. As part of this study, we have determined that although an ex-vivo assay suggests that KSHV possess two fully functional origins of lytic replication (ori Lyt-L and ori Lyt-R), the virus primarily uses ori Lyt-L for initiating replication. Here, we also demonstrate that ORF59 is phosphorylated by a viral kinase, ORF36, which modulates its processivity function required for virion production. We also analyzed the interaction of cellular factors with ORF59 in initiating lytic replication and as a result determined that PRMT1 and PRMT5, protein argenine methyltransferase 1 and 5, to be involved in modifying chromatin confirmation at ori Lyt and thereby playing an important role in initiating lytic replication.
Download or read book Functional Analysis of the Latency associated Nuclear Antigen of Kaposi s Sarcoma associated Herpes Virus written by Alexander Charles Garber and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Role of Long Non coding RNAs in Kaposi s Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Reactivation written by Wanyu Li and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, an AIDS-related endothelial malignancy. In an infected cell population, KSHV largely exists as a latent episome, while a small percentage of latent virus undergoes lytic reactivation. The latent-to-lytic switch of KSHV is pathologically important, tightly regulated event that involves extensive host-virus crosstalk. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a diverse class of RNA regulators that have been shown to involve in the life cycles of many different viruses. However, the roles of lncRNAs in KSHV lytic reactivation have been unexplored. This study utilizes two cellular models of KSHV latent infection of different tissue origins to uncover differentially expressed lncRNAs during KSHV lytic reactivation via RNA-seq, revealing lncRNAs that may function in modulating virus lytic replication. Using CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), one of the novel differentially expressed lncRNAs, AC017002.3, was found to positively regulate KSHV early lytic transcript level. Since lncRNAs tend to function in ribonucleoprotein complexes, to address the mechanism by which AC017002.3 functions, RNA affinity pull-down was performed to search for its potential interacting proteins. hnRNP K and ILF2 were found to associate with AC017002.3. While functional validation of possible ribonucleoproteins involving AC017002.3 need to be conducted, this study provides the first evidence that host lncRNAs regulate KSHV lytic reactivation.
Download or read book A Functional Analysis of the Kaposi s Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus G Protein coupled Receptor written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book HIV AIDS Associated Viral Oncogenesis written by Craig Meyers and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-06 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important aspects of AIDS is the loss of protective immune function in the infected host which leads to increased prevalence of opportunistic infections and cancers. This book specifically addresses viral-induced human cancers associated with AIDS and observed in the AIDS population. It addresses the specific treatment required in this special population and the molecular biology of the causative viral agents.
Download or read book The Mechanisms of DNA Replication written by David Stuart and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-02-20 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA replication is a fundamental part of the life cycle of all organisms. Not surprisingly many aspects of this process display profound conservation across organisms in all domains of life. The chapters in this volume outline and review the current state of knowledge on several key aspects of the DNA replication process. This is a critical process in both normal growth and development and in relation to a broad variety of pathological conditions including cancer. The reader will be provided with new insights into the initiation, regulation, and progression of DNA replication as well as a collection of thought provoking questions and summaries to direct future investigations.
Download or read book Research on Kaposi s sarcoma associated herpesvirus past present and future written by Keiji Ueda and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been 16 years since Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) was found from Kaposi's sarcoma. Very extensive studies on KSHV have been performed and we now know well that KSHV is actually the very etiologic agent to cause Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman's disease and this virus is an oncogenic DNA virus in such sense. Though a lot of reports have been published, there are lots of enigmas on its epidemiology, entry, lytic replication/induction, viral particle assembly/egress, latency, oncogenesis and so on. At this time point, it is better for us to review what we learned from the studies of this virus and consider what we have to clarify about this virus nature for future by comparing the virus with the other virus research.
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Yasushi Kawaguchi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces and reviews several topics for each human herpesvirus. One of the most important features of the book is that it covers aspects of both basic research and clinical medicine. Herpesviridae, a family of double-strand DNA viruses, has unique biological features by which these viruses establish latency after primary infection and reactivate in later life. Nine human herpesviruses are known so far, and each of them causes a variety of diseases in both primary infection and reactivation. Since the discovery of each human herpesvirus, an abundance of findings related to them has accumulated in basic research and clinical medicine. However, the vast majority of biological features is still masked in mystery. Furthermore, a strategy of treatment and prevention has not yet been established for most human herpesviruses. A wide range of readers will be interested in this volume with its treatment of problematic points and latest findings in the field.
Download or read book The Epstein Barr Virus written by M. A. Epstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Epstein-Barr virus was discovered 15 years ago. Since that time an immense body of information has been accumu lated on this agent which has come to assume great signifi cance in many different fields of biological science. Thus, the virus has very special relevance in human medicine and oncology, in tumor virology, in immunology, and in mole cular virology, since it is the cause of infectious mononu cleosis and also the first human cancer virus, etiologically related to endemic Burkitt's lymphoma and probably to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In addition, continuous human lymphoid cell lines initiated and maintained by the transform ing function of the virus genome provide a laboratory tool with wide and ever-growing applications. Innumerable papers on the Epstein-Barr virus have ap peared over recent years and reports of work with this agent now constitute a veritable flood. The present book provides the first and only comprehensive, authoritative over-view of all aspects of the virus by authors who have been the original and major contributors in their particular disciplines. A complete and up-to-date survey of this unique and important agent is thus provided which should be of great interest to experts, teachers, and students engaged in cancer research, virology, immunology, molecular biology, epide miology, and cell culture. Where topics have been dealt with from more than one of these viewpoints, some inevitable overlap and duplication has resulted; although this has been kept to a minimum, it has been retained in some places because of positive usefulness.
Download or read book Human Retrovirus Protocols written by Tuofu Zhu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A cutting-edge collection of basic and state-of-the-art methods optimized for investigating the molecular biology of this class of retrovirus. These readily reproducible techniques range from methods for the isolation and detection of human retroviruses to cutting-edge methods for exploring the interplay between the viruses and the host. Here, the researcher will find up-to-date techniques for the isolation and propagation of HIV, HTLV, and foamy virus from a variety of sources. There are also assays for determining the cell tropism of HIV-1, the coreceptor usage of HIV-1, and human gene expression with HIV-1 infection by microarrays, as well as for phenotyping HIV-1 infected monocytes and examining their fitness. Highlights include the detection and quantification of HIV-1 in resting CD4+, a new cloning system for making recombinent virus, cDNA microarrays, and the determination of genetic polymorphisms in two recently identified HIV-1 co-factors that are critical for HIV-1 infection.
Download or read book Human Cytomegalovirus written by Thomas E. Shenk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-09 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume has gathered some of the experts in the field to review aspects of our understanding of CMV and to offer perspectives of the current problems associated with CMV. The editors and authors hope that the chapters will lead to a better understanding of the virus that will assist in the development of new and unique antivirals, a protective vaccine, and a full understanding of CMV's involvement in human disease.
Download or read book DNA Tumor Viruses written by Blossom Damania and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-19 with total page 805 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book focuses on the DNA viruses in the human population that are associated with cancers. It covers most of the viruses that are thought to contribute to human malignancy. This book represents a comprehensive review of the field of DNA tumor virology. Right now, while there are books out there that cover individual viruses that are also covered in this book, there is no single book that covers this topic comprehensively. This book is the first current, comprehensive review of its kind in the market.
