Download or read book Fully Kinetic Particle in cell Simulations of Plasma surface dust Interactions for Lunar Exploration written by Jianxun Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The studies involving lunar surface explorations have drawn attentions in recent years. A better understanding of possible potential hazards to astronauts and electronic equipment has become a necessity for future lunar explorations. The lunar surface, lacking an atmosphere and global magnetic field therefore directly exposed to solar radiation and solar wind plasma, is electrically charged by the bombardment of solar wind plasma and emission/collection of photoelectrons. Additionally, lunar dust grains can also get charged and levitated from the surface under the influence of the electric field as well as gravity within the plasma sheath. Since the plasma sheath formed near the illuminated lunar surface is dominated by photoelectrons, it is usually referred to as 'photoelectron sheath'. In this research, we will focus on resolving the photoelectron sheath structure near lunar surface through numerical simulations. Firstly, we will introduce the fundamental assumptions of our analytic and simulation studies. We will present the derivation of a 1-D semi-analytic model to numerically obtain the quantities of interest as functions of the distance from surface within the photoelectron sheath. Secondly, we will present the numerical simulations with a fully kinetic Finite Difference (FD) Particle-in-Cell (PIC) code to solve the surface charging problem on lunar surface. In this study, we will consider both Maxwellian and Kappa distribution of solar wind electron velocities. Finally, we will show our current studies on the charged lunar dust lofting and transport under the influence of local electrostatic environment. We will consider both uncoupled and coupled method in the simulations. In uncoupled method, a steady state electric field is obtained through FD-PIC simulations and provided to simulate the charged dust transport, indicting that the charged dust transport does not influence the local electrostatic environment. Whereas in the coupled method, the electrostatic environment and the charged dust transport are simulated simultaneousness, which means the electrostatic environment and the dust transport influence each other during the simulations"--Abstract, page iii.

Download or read book Space Plasma Simulation written by Jörg Büchner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-04-09 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is twofold: to provide an introduction for newcomers to state of the art computer simulation techniques in space plasma physics and an overview of current developments. Computer simulation has reached a stage where it can be a highly useful tool for guiding theory and for making predictions of space plasma phenomena, ranging from microscopic to global scales. The various articles are arranged, as much as possible, according to the - derlying simulation technique, starting with the technique that makes the least number of assumptions: a fully kinetic approach which solves the coupled set of Maxwell’s equations for the electromagnetic ?eld and the equations of motion for a very large number of charged particles (electrons and ions) in this ?eld. Clearly, this is also the computationally most demanding model. Therefore, even with present day high performance computers, it is the most restrictive in terms of the space and time domain and the range of particle parameters that can be covered by the simulation experiments. It still makes sense, therefore, to also use models, which due to their simp- fying assumptions, seem less realistic, although the e?ect of these assumptions on the outcome of the simulation experiments needs to be carefully assessed.

Download or read book Dust Plasma Interaction in Space written by P. K. Shukla and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dust is ubiquitous in the universe and responsible for stellar and planetary formation. Virtually all previous studies have considered the dust particulates to be a charge neutral component. Satellite missions such as Voyager revealed the extent to which charged dust plays a role in astrophysics. In most areas dust exists in the presence of a dilute plasma. In such a plasma environment the dust becomes charged to a variety of processes (eg photo-ionisation, collisions with electrons and ions, thermionic emission etc). Closer to home in the Earth's mesosphere, rocket measurements and radar observations conclusively demonstrate the importance of charged dust in forming complex structures responsible for Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes. This book is the outcome of a periodic collaboration between a small group of scientists meeting twice a year at the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, Switzerland over a period of three years. The book begins with a description of the fundamental physical processes which characterise dusty plasmas. Starting with charging and shielding of isolated dust particles in a plasma environment, the review progresses to non-linear dust dynamics of spherical and irregular dust. In an ensemble of a dust plasma system collective processes begin to manifest themselves in the form of new wave modes and instabilities which play an important role in the collective behaviour displayed in space and astrophysical environment. Finally more exotic topics, such as the Ising model for irregular dust grain alignment, classical Casimir forces and chargeons are explored.

Download or read book Plasma Science written by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2021-02-28 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma Science and Engineering transforms fundamental scientific research into powerful societal applications, from materials processing and healthcare to forecasting space weather. Plasma Science: Enabling Technology, Sustainability, Security and Exploration discusses the importance of plasma research, identifies important grand challenges for the next decade, and makes recommendations on funding and workforce. This publication will help federal agencies, policymakers, and academic leadership understand the importance of plasma research and make informed decisions about plasma science funding, workforce, and research directions.

Download or read book Studying the Electrostatic Effects on the Dynamics of Charged Lunar Dust Via Discrete Element Method written by Hao Wang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dust problems raise significant concerns in planetary surface exploration. The unusual behavior of the dust particles that surround the vehicle after engine cutoff has the potential to have more of an influence on surface systems than the high velocity lunar rocket plume ejecta in the landing process. A prevailing hypothesis attributes the levitation and transport of dust particles on the surface of airless bodies to the electrostatic effects and electric field. However, there is no accurate model considering the inter-particle electrostatic interactions, especially when the particles are charged by plume. This dissertation aims to understand the behavior of charged lunar regolith with a discrete element method (DEM) approach focusing on the inter-particle interactions and contact charge transfer. To accomplish this, the grain dynamics is coupled with mechanical and electrical particle interactions, and both short-range and long-range interactions between particles are incorporated. A tribo-charging model based on instantaneous collisions is adopted and validated by simulation and experimental data. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to quantify the effects of initial charge, tribo-charging, and E-field on transport of lunar dust. DEM simulations are then performed for a near realistic lunar environment that show the differences of position and velocity distributions between charged particles and uncharged particles. The results indicate that the charged dust particles have higher dispersion and wider distribution of velocity due to the electrostatic effects. This provides a possible explanation for the phenomena of the approximately 30 s dust lofting following Apollo Lunar Module landing. It is shown that tribo-charging has a more considerable effect on the dynamics of charged particles with a large amount of charge, while the change of E-field does not significantly affect the results. Furthermore, superquadrics and multi-sphere approximations are introduced as two approaches to aspherical geometry to accomplish high-fidelity simulation of lunar dust in the future.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Lunar Science written by Brian Cudnik and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-13 with total page 1287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Lunar Science includes the latest topical data, definitions, and explanations of the many and varied facets of lunar science. This is a very useful reference work for a broad audience, not limited to the professional lunar scientist: general astronomers, researchers, theoreticians, practitioners, graduate students, undergraduate students, and astrophysicists as well as geologists and engineers. The title includes all current areas of lunar science, with the topical entries being established tertiary literature. The work is technically suitable to most advanced undergraduate and graduate students. The articles include topics of varying technical levels so that the top scientists of the field find this work a benefit as well as the graduate students and the budding lunar scientists. A few examples of topical areas are as follows: Basaltic Volcanism, Lunar Chemistry, Time and Motion Coordinates, Cosmic Weathering through Meteoritic Impact, Environment, Geology, Geologic History, Impacts and Impact Processes, Lunar Surface Processes, Origin and Evolution Theories, Regolith, Stratigraphy, Tectonic Activity, Topography, Weathering through ionizing radiation from the solar wind, solar flares, and cosmic rays.

Download or read book Fully Implicit Particle in cell Algorithms for Kinetic Simulation of Plasmas written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Particle in cell Simulations with Kinetic Electrons written by Jerome L. V. Lewandowski and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Complex Plasmas written by Michael Bonitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-09 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the reader with an introduction to the physics of complex plasmas, a discussion of the specific scientific and technical challenges they present and an overview of their potential technological applications. Complex plasmas differ from conventional high-temperature plasmas in several ways: they may contain additional species, including nano meter- to micrometer-sized particles, negative ions, molecules and radicals and they may exhibit strong correlations or quantum effects. This book introduces the classical and quantum mechanical approaches used to describe and simulate complex plasmas. It also covers some key experimental techniques used in the analysis of these plasmas, including calorimetric probe methods, IR absorption techniques and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The final part of the book reviews the emerging applications of microcavity and microchannel plasmas, the synthesis and assembly of nanomaterials through plasma electrochemistry, the large-scale generation of ozone using microplasmas and novel applications of atmospheric-pressure non-thermal plasmas in dentistry. Going beyond the scope of traditional plasma texts, the presentation is very well suited for senior undergraduate, graduate students and postdoctoral researchers specializing in plasma physics.

Download or read book 3 D Monte Carlo Particle in cell Simulations of Ion Thruster Plasma Interactions written by J. Wang and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Introduction to Dusty Plasma Physics written by P.K Shukla and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-05-06 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Dusty Plasma Physics contains a detailed description of the occurrence of dusty plasmas in our Solar System, the Earth's mesosphere, and in laboratory discharges. The book illustrates numerous mechanisms for charging dust particles and provides studies of the grain dynamics under the influence of forces that are common in dusty plas

Download or read book Exploring Kinetic Physics in Space Plasmas Using PIC Simulations written by Harsha Gurram and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation investigates two major long-standing problems in space physics with theaid of kinetic simulations. Our first study delves into magnetic reconnection, a fundamental process in magnetized plasmas wherein global magnetic topology is modified and the built-up magnetic stress is transformed into plasma flows and heating. This energy conversion process is thought to be an important mechanism for particle energization in space. Here, we analyzed fully kinetic simulation results of magnetic reconnection to study how the released energy and associated signatures propagate away from the reconnection site. The Hall field - a key signature of collisionless reconnection, are continuously produced and their kinetic and magnetic energies propagate away from the reconnection layers carried by Alfve̹n waves. This contrasts with previous studies, where the Hall magnetic field structures were carried away by kinetic Alfve̹n waves (KAWs). Our kinetic simulation implemented a large numerical domain and with open boundary conditions to permit large-amplitude shear Alfve̹n waves (SAWs) to be excited by the reconnection dynamics. Due to the dispersive nature of the KAWs, they eventually get damped, and SAWs become the main carrier of the energy away from the reconnection site. These reconnection driven SAWs are observed to propagate distances 9́± 9Re unattenuated carrying sufficient energy and may act as a primary energy source to drive the white aurora. Our second study examines the effects of Coulomb collisions in solar-wind heating. The temperature of the solar wind plasma expanding from the hot solar corona does not decrease with the distance as fast as predicted by the adiabatic expansion law. The heating of the solar-wind electrons results from the energy exchange of the fast electrons propagating from the corona along the background magnetic field (the beam or strahl) and the electrons trapped between the electric potential and magnetic mirror walls (the core). The level of the trapped population is a result of two competing processes-particle influx from the streaming population due to pitch-angle scattering and particle losses through the boundary due to energy diffusion. As scattering rates are a free parameter in our study, we can determine how the scattering rates affect the electron distributions, and in turn temperature of the solar wind electrons. Using 1D cylindrical simulations we found the electron temperature profiles scaled with the ratio \nu_{ee}/\nu_{ei}, the higher the \nu_{ee}/\nu_{ei} value higher the electron temperatures. The dependency of the electron temperatures and trapped electron population on\nu_{ee}/\nu_{ei} in the kinetic simulations implies that the Coulomb collisions have a significant effect on the electron temperature profiles as suggested by the collisional model.

Download or read book Plasma Physics via Computer Simulation written by C.K. Birdsall and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Divided into three main parts, the book guides the reader to an understanding of the basic concepts in this fascinating field of research. Part 1 introduces you to the fundamental concepts of simulation. It examines one-dimensional electrostatic codes and electromagnetic codes, and describes the numerical methods and analysis. Part 2 explores the mathematics and physics behind the algorithms used in Part 1. In Part 3, the authors address some of the more complicated simulations in two and three dimensions. The book introduces projects to encourage practical work Readers can download plasma modeling and simulation software — the ES1 program — with implementations for PCs and Unix systems along with the original FORTRAN source code. Now available in paperback, Plasma Physics via Computer Simulation is an ideal complement to plasma physics courses and for self-study.

Download or read book Plasma Physics written by Alexander Piel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-07 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enlarged new edition of this textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the basic processes in plasmas and demonstrates that the same fundamental concepts describe cold gas-discharge plasmas, space plasmas, and hot fusion plasmas. Starting from particle drifts in magnetic fields, the principles of magnetic confinement fusion are explained and compared with laser fusion. Collective processes are discussed in terms of plasma waves and instabilities. The concepts of plasma description by magnetohydrodynamics, kinetic theory, and particle simulation are stepwise introduced. Space charge effects in sheath regions, double layers and plasma diodes are given the necessary attention. The novel fundamental mechanisms of dusty plasmas are explored and integrated into the framework of conventional plasmas. The book concludes with a concise description of modern plasma discharges. Written by an internationally renowned researcher in experimental plasma physics, the text keeps the mathematical apparatus simple and emphasizes the underlying concepts. The guidelines of plasma physics are illustrated by a host of practical examples, preferentially from plasma diagnostics. There, Langmuir probe methods, laser interferometry, ionospheric sounding, Faraday rotation, and diagnostics of dusty plasmas are discussed. Though primarily addressing students in plasma physics, the book is easily accessible for researchers in neighboring disciplines, such as space science, astrophysics, material science, applied physics, and electrical engineering. This second edition has been thoroughly revised and contains substantially enlarged chapters on plasma diagnostics, dusty plasmas and plasma discharges. Probe techniques have been rearranged into basic theory and a host of practical examples for probe techniques in dc, rf, and space plasmas. New topics in dusty plasmas, such as plasma crystals, Yukawa balls, phase transitions and attractive forces have been adopted. The chapter on plasma discharges now contains a new section on conventional and high-power impulse magnetron sputtering. The recently discovered electrical asymmetry effect in capacitive rf-discharges is described. The text is based on an introductory course to plasma physics and advanced courses in plasma diagnostics, dusty plasmas, and plasma waves, which the author has taught at Kiel University for three decades. The pedagogical approach combines detailed explanations, a large number of illustrative figures, short summaries of the basics at the end of each chapter, and a selection of problems with detailed solutions.

Download or read book Lunar Dust Transport and Potential Interactions with Power System Components written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by . This book was released on 2018-10-29 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lunar surface is covered by a thick blanket of fine dust. This dust may be readily suspended from the surface and transported by a variety of mechanisms. As a consequence, lunar dust can accumulate on sensitive power components, such as photovoltaic arrays and radiator surfaces, reducing their performance. In addition to natural mechanisms, human activities on the Moon will disturb significant amounts of lunar dust. Of all the mechanisms identified, the most serious is rocket launch and landing. The return of components from the Surveyor 3 provided a rare opportunity to observe the effects of the nearby landing of the Apollo 12 Lunar Module. The evidence proved that significant dust accumulation occurred on the Surveyor at a distance of 155 m. From available information on particle suspension and transport mechanisms, a series of models was developed to predict dust accumulation as a function of distance from the lunar module. The accumulation distribution was extrapolated to a future Lunar Lander scenario. These models indicate that accumulation is expected to be substantial even as far as 2 km from the landing site. Estimates of the performance penalties associated with lunar dust coverage and photovoltaic arrays are presented. Because of the lunar dust adhesive and cohesive properties, the most practical dust defensive strategy appears to be the protection of sensitive components from the arrival of lunar dust by location, orientation, or barriers. Katzan, Cynthia M. and Edwards, Jonathan L. Unspecified Center NAS3-25266; RTOP 506-41-41...

Download or read book Electromagnetic Particle in cell Algorithms on Unstructured Meshes for Kinetic Plasma Simulations written by Dong-Yeop Na and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma is a significantly ionized gas composed of a large number of charged particles such as electrons and ions. A distinct feature of plasmas is the collective interaction among charged particles. In general, the optimal approach used for modeling a plasma system depends on its characteristic (temporal and spatial) scales. Among various kinds of plasmas, collisionless plasmas correspond to those where the collisional frequency is much smaller than the frequency of interests (e.g. plasma frequency) and the mean free path is much longer than the characteristic length scales (e.g. Debye length). Collisionless plasmas consisting of kinetic space charge particles interacting with electromagnetic fields are well-described by Maxwell-Vlasov equations. Electromagnetic particle-in-cell (EM-PIC) algorithms solve Maxwell-Vlasov systems on a computational mesh by employing coarse-grained superparticle. The concept of superparticle, which may represent millions of physical charged particles (coarse-graining of the phase space), facilitates the realization of computer simulations for underscaled kinetic plasma systems mimicking the physics of real kinetic plasma systems.

Download or read book One Dimensional Kinetic Particle In Cell Simulations of Various Plasma Distributions written by Richard N. Vanderburgh and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-dimensional kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) MATLAB simulation was created to demonstrate the time-evolution of various plasma distributions. Building on previous plasma PIC programs written in FORTRAN and Python, this work recreates the computational and diagnostic tools of these packages in a more user- and educational-friendly development environment. Plasma quantities such as plasma frequency and species charge-mass ratios are arbitrarily defined. A one-dimensional spatial environment is defined by total length and number and size of spatial grid points. In the first time-step, charged particles are given initial positions and velocities on a spatial grid. After initialization, the program solves for the electrostatic Poisson equation at each time step to compute the force acting on each particle. Using the calculated force on each particle and the "leap-frog" method, the particle positions and velocities are updated and the motion is tracked in phase-space. Modifying parameters such as spatial perturbation, number of particles, and charge-mass ratio of each species, the time-evolution for various distributions are examined. The simulated distributions examined are categorized as the following: Cold Electron Stream, Electron Plasma Waves, Two-Stream Electron Instability, Landau Damping, and Beam-Plasma. The time evolution of the plasma distributions was studied by several methods. Tracking the electric field, charge density and particle velocities through each time step yields insight into the oscillations and wave propagation associated with each distribution. One key diagnostic missing from the original FORTRAN code was the electric field dispersion relation. The numerical dispersion relation allows for further insight into modelling plasma oscillations/waves in addition to the kinetic/field energies and electric field tracking present in the original code. Simulated results show agreement with other kinetic simulations as well as plasma theory.