Download or read book Fully Kinetic Numerical Modeling of a Plasma Thruster written by James Joseph Szabo and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Hall effect plasma thruster with conductive acceleration channel walls was numerically modeled using 2D3V Particle-in-Cell (PIC) and Monte-Carlo Collision (MCC) methodolo- gies. Electron, ion, and neutral dynamics were treated kinetically on the electron time scale to study transport, instabilities, and the electron energy distribution function. Axisymmet- ric R-Z coordinates were used with a non-orthogonal variable mesh to account for important small-scale plasma structures and a complex physical geometry. Electric field and sheath structures were treated self-consistently. Conductive channel walls were allowed to float electrically. The simulation included, via MCC, elastic and inelastic electron-neutral colli- sions, ion-neutral scattering and charge exchange collisions, and Coulomb collisions. The latter were also treated through a Langevin (stochastic) differential equation for the particle trajectories in velocity space. Ion-electron recombination was modeled at the boundaries, and neutrals were recycled into the flow. The cathode was modeled indirectly by inject- ing electrons at a rate which preserved quasineutrality. Anomalous diffusion was included through an equivalent scattering frequency. Free space permittivity was increased to allow a coarser grid and longer time-step. A method for changing the ion to electron mass ratio and retrieving physical results was developed and used throughout. Results were compared with theory, experiments. Gradients and anisotropy in electron temperature were observed. Non-Maxwellian electron energy distribution functions were observed. The thruster was numerically redesigned; substantial performance benefits were predicted.

Download or read book Fully Kinetic Modeling of a Divergent Cusped field Thruster written by Stephen Robert Gildea and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fully kinetic, particle-in-cell plasma simulation tool has been incrementally developed by members of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Space Propulsion Laboratory. Adapting this model to simulate the performance and plasma dynamics of a divergent cusped-field thruster is discussed. Strong magnetic fields in the cusps (B0.5 T) necessitate using a time step on the order of a picosecond in order to resolve electron cyclotron trajectories. As a result, successfully completing a divergent cusped-field thruster simulation with the full magnetic field strength has yet to be accomplished. As an intermediate step, simulation results of a divergent cusped-field thruster with the magnetic field at 1/5 the actual value are presented, including performance parameters and internal plasma structure details. Evidence suggests that even at 1/5 the magnetic field strength, ions are fully magnetized within certain regions of the divergent cusped-field thruster. This has strong implications concerning the basic operating principles of the thruster because the Hall effect does not result in a net flow of current in regions where ions are fully magnetized. Further modifications that may lead to successful simulations of divergent cusped-field thrusters at full magnetic field strength are also outlined, which may allow for more detailed studies of the plasma structure and performance of the cusped-field thruster.

Download or read book Introduction to Plasmas and Plasma Dynamics written by Hai-Bin Tang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-05-09 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Plasmas and Plasma Dynamics: With Plasma Physics Applications to Space Propulsion, Magnetic Fusion and Space Physics, Second Edition provides an accessible introduction to the understanding of high temperature, ionized gases necessary to conduct research and develop applications related to plasmas. Thoroughly updated and expanded, this sec Describes plasma applications with close reference to elementary processes, promoting a deeper understanding of plasmas in new fields Provides structured problems in every chapter that help readers grasp the book’s practical lessons Includes a new chapter on numerical methods in plasmas that adds crucial context for experimental approaches

Download or read book Pulsed Plasma Thruster Plumes written by Nikos A. Gatsonis and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Axisymmetric Hybrid Numerical Modeling of Pulsed Plasma Thruster Plumes written by Xuemin Yin and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Fully kinetic Particle in cell Simulations of Near vacuum Hall Thruster and Other Plasma Systems written by Justin M. Fox and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) In addition, this simulation extended the state of the art in Hall thruster anomalous diffusion modeling by adopting a "quench rule" which is able to predict the spatial and temporal structure of the cross-field transport without the aid of prior empirical data. Truly predictive computations are thus enabled. After being thoroughly tested and benchmarked, the simulation was then applied to the near vacuum Hall thruster recently constructed at MIT. Recommendations to improve that thruster's performance were made based on the simulation's results, and those optimizations are being experimentally implemented by other researchers. This work was conducted with the aid of Delta Search Labs' supercomputing facility and technical expertise. The simulation was fully-parallelized using MPI and tested on a 128 processor SGI Origin machine. We gratefully acknowledge that funding for portions of this work has been provided by the United States Air Force and the National Science Foundation.

Download or read book Plasma Simulations by Example written by Lubos Brieda and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-13 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of plasmas is crucial in improving our understanding of the universe, and they are being increasingly utilised in key technologies such as spacecraft thrusters, plasma medicine, and fusion energy. Providing readers with an easy to follow set of examples that clearly illustrate how simulation codes are written, this book guides readers through how to develop C++ computer codes for simulating plasmas primarily with the kinetic Particle in Cell (PIC) method. This text will be invaluable to advanced undergraduates and graduate students in physics and engineering looking to learn how to put the theory to the test. Features: Provides a step-by-step introduction to plasma simulations with easy to follow examples Discusses the electrostatic and electromagnetic Particle in Cell (PIC) method on structured and unstructured meshes, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), and Vlasov solvers Covered topics include Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) collisions, surface interactions, axisymmetry, and parallelization strategies. Lubos Brieda has over 15 years of experience developing plasma and gas simulation codes for electric propulsion, contamination transport, and plasma-surface interactions. As part of his master’s research work, he developed a 3D ES-PIC electric propulsion plume code, Draco, which is to this date utilized by government labs and private aerospace firms to study plasma thruster plumes. His Ph.D, obtained in 2012 from George Washington University, USA, focused on a multi-scale model for Hall thrusters utilizing fluid-kinetic hybrid PIC codes. He has since then been involved in numerous projects involving development and the use of plasma simulation tools. Since 2014 he has been teaching online courses on plasma simulations through his website: particleincell.com.

Download or read book Rarefied Gas Flows and Dynamic Plasma Phenomena in Electric Propulsion Systems written by Juan Esteban Gomez Herrera and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2020-12-01 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zu den aktuellen Entwicklungen in der Raumfahrtindustrie zählen das stetig wachsende Interesse an miniaturisierten Satelliten sowie der immer häufigere Einsatz elektrischer Antriebssysteme zu allgemeinen Lage- und Bahnregelungszwecken. Die Entwicklung miniaturisierter Satelliten erfordert ihrerseits den Einsatz von Antriebssystemen, die sehr kleine und präzise zu steuernde Schubkräfte erzeugen. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellen elektrische Triebwerke eine attraktive Option dar, die Antriebsanforderungen von Satelliten sowohl in herkömmlichen als auch in miniaturisierten Größen langfristig zu erfüllen. Bei miniaturisierten Satelliten sind die Schubanforderungen oft mit niedrigen Treibstoff-Massenstromwerten und verhältnismäßig kleinen geometrischen charakteristischen Längen verbunden. Dies kann zu verdünnten Gaszuständen innerhalb der Triebwerksdüsen führen. Wegen der hohen Komplexität der Plasmaphänomene innerhalb elektrischer Triebwerke sowie der typischerweise hohen Rechenanforderungen, die mit der Plasmamodellierung einhergehen, werden elektrische Antriebssysteme oft auf Basis empirischer Modelle und experimenteller Daten entwickelt. Der Fokus der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt auf den oben beschriebenen Herausforderungen und den dazugehörigen Forschungsfeldern: der Untersuchung verdünnter Gaszustände in transsonischen Strömungen sowie der Entwicklung numerischer Modellierungsansätze zur Beschreibung des Plasmaverhaltens innerhalb elektrischer Antriebssysteme. New trends regarding fundamental design approaches of orbital spacecraft have been developing in the space industry in recent years. They include an increased interest in miniaturized satellites as well as a general rise in the use of electric propulsion systems for orbit and attitude control. The successful implementation of miniaturized satellites requires the use of propulsion devices able to provide small and precise thrust and impulse levels. One technical solution able to meet the requirements of both standard-sized as well as miniaturized spacecraft involves the use of highly efficient and precise electric propulsion systems. In the particular case of miniaturized satellites, the propulsion requirements are often associated with low propellant mass flow rates and small characteristic geometrical lengths, potentially leading to the appearance of rarefied conditions inside the nozzles of the propulsion devices. Because of the high complexity of the plasma phenomena taking place inside such systems and the usually very high computational requirements associated with their numerical modelling, electric propulsion systems for space applications are usually designed based on empirical models and experimental data. The present work focuses on two key aspects outlined above: rarefied gas conditions in transonic micronozzle flows as well as the numerical modelling of plasma phenomena inside electric propulsion systems.

Download or read book Signal and Information Processing Networking and Computers written by Jiande Sun and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-01 with total page 1534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects selected papers from the 8th Conference on Signal and Information Processing, Networking and Computers held in Ji’nan, Shandong, China on September 13-17, 2021. It focuses on the current works of information theory, communication system, computer science, aerospace technologies and big data and other related technologies. Readers from both academia and industry of this field can contribute and find their interests from the book.

Download or read book Computational Science ICCS 2004 written by Marian Bubak and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-10-11 with total page 1336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2004) held in Krak ́ ow, Poland, June 6–9, 2004, was a follow-up to the highly successful ICCS 2003 held at two locations, in Melbourne, Australia and St. Petersburg, Russia; ICCS 2002 in Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and ICCS 2001 in San Francisco, USA. As computational science is still evolving in its quest for subjects of inves- gation and e?cient methods, ICCS 2004 was devised as a forum for scientists from mathematics and computer science, as the basic computing disciplines and application areas, interested in advanced computational methods for physics, chemistry, life sciences, engineering, arts and humanities, as well as computer system vendors and software developers. The main objective of this conference was to discuss problems and solutions in all areas, to identify new issues, to shape future directions of research, and to help users apply various advanced computational techniques. The event harvested recent developments in com- tationalgridsandnextgenerationcomputingsystems,tools,advancednumerical methods, data-driven systems, and novel application ?elds, such as complex - stems, ?nance, econo-physics and population evolution.

Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Pulsed Plasma Thruster written by Jianjun Wu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2024-11-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book are valuable in gaining an understanding of the working mechanism of pulsed plasma thrusters. It facilitates the evaluation of the thruster's working characteristics and propulsive performance, thereby providing a crucial theoretical foundation and reference for the design, development, and engineering application of pulsed plasma thrusters. Additionally, this book significantly contributes to the advancement of space electric propulsion technology. Researchers and engineers in the aerospace propulsion field can greatly benefit from the insights presented within this book. This is an open access book.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion written by Dan M. Goebel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-12-22 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout most of the twentieth century, electric propulsion was considered the technology of the future. Now, the future has arrived. This important new book explains the fundamentals of electric propulsion for spacecraft and describes in detail the physics and characteristics of the two major electric thrusters in use today, ion and Hall thrusters. The authors provide an introduction to plasma physics in order to allow readers to understand the models and derivations used in determining electric thruster performance. They then go on to present detailed explanations of: Thruster principles Ion thruster plasma generators and accelerator grids Hollow cathodes Hall thrusters Ion and Hall thruster plumes Flight ion and Hall thrusters Based largely on research and development performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and complemented with scores of tables, figures, homework problems, and references, Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters is an indispensable textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students who are preparing to enter the aerospace industry. It also serves as an equally valuable resource for professional engineers already at work in the field.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion written by Dan M. Goebel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-10-25 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion Understand the fundamental basis of spaceflight with this cutting-edge guide As spacecraft engineering continues to advance, so too do the propulsion methods by which human beings can seek out the stars. Ion thrusters and Hall thrusters have been the subject of considerable innovation in recent years, and spacecraft propulsion has never been more efficient. For professionals within and adjacent to spacecraft engineering, this is critical knowledge that can alter the future of space flight. Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion offers a thorough grounding in electric propulsion for spacecraft, particularly the features and mechanisms underlying Ion and Hall thrusters. Updated in the light of rapidly expanding knowledge, the second edition of this essential guide detailed coverage of thruster principles, plasma physics, and more. It reflects the historic output of the legendary Jet Propulsion Laboratory and promises to continue as a must-own volume for spacecraft engineering professionals. Readers of the second edition of Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion readers will also find: Extensive updates to chapters covering hollow cathodes and Hall thrusters, based on vigorous recent research New sections covering magnetic shielding, cathode plume instabilities, and more Figures and homework problems in each chapter to facilitate learning and retention Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion is an essential work for spacecraft engineers and researchers working in spacecraft propulsion and related fields, as well as graduate students in electric propulsion, aerospace science, and space science courses.

Download or read book Plasma Simulations by Example written by Lubos Brieda and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-13 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of plasmas is crucial in improving our understanding of the universe, and they are being increasingly utilised in key technologies such as spacecraft thrusters, plasma medicine, and fusion energy. Providing readers with an easy to follow set of examples that clearly illustrate how simulation codes are written, this book guides readers through how to develop C++ computer codes for simulating plasmas primarily with the kinetic Particle in Cell (PIC) method. This text will be invaluable to advanced undergraduates and graduate students in physics and engineering looking to learn how to put the theory to the test. Features: Provides a step-by-step introduction to plasma simulations with easy to follow examples Discusses the electrostatic and electromagnetic Particle in Cell (PIC) method on structured and unstructured meshes, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), and Vlasov solvers Covered topics include Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) collisions, surface interactions, axisymmetry, and parallelization strategies. Lubos Brieda has over 15 years of experience developing plasma and gas simulation codes for electric propulsion, contamination transport, and plasma-surface interactions. As part of his master’s research work, he developed a 3D ES-PIC electric propulsion plume code, Draco, which is to this date utilized by government labs and private aerospace firms to study plasma thruster plumes. His Ph.D, obtained in 2012 from George Washington University, USA, focused on a multi-scale model for Hall thrusters utilizing fluid-kinetic hybrid PIC codes. He has since then been involved in numerous projects involving development and the use of plasma simulation tools. Since 2014 he has been teaching online courses on plasma simulations through his website: particleincell.com.

Download or read book Development and Simulation of a Cylindrical Cusped field Thruster and a Diagnostics Tool for Plasma materials Interactions written by Anthony Pang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A low power, Hall-effect type plasma thruster known as the MIT-Cylindrical Cusped- Field Thruster (MIT-CCFT) has been developed and simulated using a fully-kinetic plasma model, the Plasma Thruster particle-in-cell (PTpic) model. Similar to the Diverging Cusped-Field Thruster (DCFT) previously developed in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Space Propulsion Laboratory, this thruster uses cusped magnetic fields aligned in alternating polarity in order to confine electrons, thus slowing their flow to the anode and readily ionizing neutral gas, which is then electrostatically accelerated by the anode. The design methodology for the CCFT will be discussed, with significant emphasis on the effects of magnetic topology on thruster performance. In particular, while the topology is similar to that of the DCFT in that it also confines the discharge plasma away from the channel walls to limit wall erosion, the CCFT was also designed to minimize plume divergence. To predict the CCFTs performance and plasma dynamics, the design has been modeled and simulated with PTpic. From multiple simulations of the CCFT under different operating conditions, the thruster performance and plume characteristics were found and compared to past simulations of the DCFT. Specifically, the predicted nominal total efficiency ranged from 25 to 35 percent, providing 4-9 mN of thrust at a fixed xenon mass flow rate of 4.0 sccm, whilst consuming 90-400 W of power and with a corresponding nominal specific impulse of 1050 to 1800 s. Preliminary observations of the particle moments suggest that the magnetic confinement of the plasma isolates erosion of the channel walls of the discharge chamber to the ring cusps locations. In addition, in contrast to the DCFT, the CCFT does not have a hollow conic plume; instead, its beam profile is similar to that of traditional Hall-effect thrusters. To supplement the efforts for optimizing longevity of the cusped-field thruster, a new diagnostic tool for erosion studies, novel to the electric propulsion community, has been implemented and has undergone preliminary validation. Ion beam analysis (IBA) allows for in-situ measurements of both composition and profile of the surfaces of the discharge region of a plasma thruster during operation. The technique has been independently tested on individual coupons with the use of the Cambridge Laboratory for Accelerator Study of Surfaces (CLASS) tandem ion accelerator. The coupons, which are composed of materials with known sputtering rates and/or are commonly used as insulator material, are exposed to helicon-generated plasma to simulate the sputtering/re-deposition found in thruster discharge region. Through comparison of ion beam analysis traces taken before and after plasma exposure, the effective erosion rates were found and validated against simulated results.

Download or read book Plasma Engineering written by Michael Keidar and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-03-06 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma Engineering is the first textbook that addresses plasma engineering in the aerospace, nanotechnology, and bioengineering fields from a unified standpoint. It covers the fundamentals of plasma physics at a level suitable for an upper level undergraduate or graduate student, and applies the unique properties of plasmas (ionized gases) to improve processes and performance over a wide variety of areas such as materials processing, spacecraft propulsion, and nanofabrication. The book starts by reviewing plasma particle collisions, waves, and instabilities, and proceeds to diagnostic tools, such as planar, spherical, and emissive probes, and the electrostatic analyzer, interferometric technique, and plasma spectroscopy. The physics of different types of electrical discharges are considered, including the classical Townsend mechanism of gas electrical breakdown and the Paschen law. Basic approaches and theoretical methodologies for plasma modeling are described, based on the fluid description of plasma solving numerically magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations and the kinetic model particle techniques that take into account kinetic interactions among particles and electromagnetic fields. Readers are then introduced to the widest variety of applications in any text on the market, including space propulsion applications and application of low-temperature plasmas in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The latest original results on cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) applications in medicine are presented. The book includes a large number of worked examples, end of chapter exercises, and historical perspectives. There is also an accompanying plasma simulation software covering the Particle in Cell (PIC) approach, available at http://www.particleincell.com/blog/2011/particle-in-cell-example/. This book is appropriate for grad level courses in Plasma Engineering/Plasma Physics in departments of Aerospace Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Physics. It will also be useful as an introduction to plasma engineering and its applications for early career researchers and practicing engineers. The first textbook that addresses plasma engineering in the aerospace, nanotechnology, and bioengineering fields from a unified standpoint Includes a large number of worked examples, end of chapter exercises, and historical perspectives Accompanying plasma simulation software covering the Particle in Cell (PIC) approach, available at http://www.particleincell.com/blog/2011/particle-in-cell-example/

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Plasma Technology Two Volume Set written by J. Leon Shohet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-12-12 with total page 1654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technical plasmas have a wide range of industrial applications. The Encyclopedia of Plasma Technology covers all aspects of plasma technology from the fundamentals to a range of applications across a large number of industries and disciplines. Topics covered include nanotechnology, solar cell technology, biomedical and clinical applications, electronic materials, sustainability, and clean technologies. The book bridges materials science, industrial chemistry, physics, and engineering, making it a must have for researchers in industry and academia, as well as those working on application-oriented plasma technologies. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]