Download or read book Internalizing Full Spectrum Operations Doctrine in the U S Army written by Christopher A. Gonzales and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the U.S. Army, the fundamentally new concept of full spectrum operations requires that stability operations be internalized into its culture and operations. The main research question of this thesis is: How can the Army internalize full spectrum operations, including stability operations, into its culture and operations? Internalization specifies a cultural integration of stability operations represented by organizational attitudinal responses in the execution of full spectrum operations. The findings of this thesis are that full spectrum operations will be internalized in the U.S. Army under the following three conditions: 1) The National Security Strategy formally and consistently embraces the use of the military forces to conduct stability operations in support of national objectives. As addressed in Chapter II, this is the best method for prompting the Army to accept full spectrum operations, and specifically stability operations, as a permanent mission-set with the accompanying imperative to internalize it. 2) The Army doctrinally evolves the full spectrum concept, and devises a training model that supports operationalizing full spectrum operations. As described in Chapter III, addressing these imperatives requires the Army to rectify core issues such as leader development and the optimal force structure for full spectrum operations. 3) The Army is able to close the conceptual gaps in the whole-of-government approach to stability operations and overcome internal biases as represented by the current assignment and career development practices in the personnel system.

Download or read book Combat Training Centers Training for Full Spectrum Operations written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The changing strategic environment has necessitated a shift in Army training from traditional maneuver warfare to full-spectrum operations to defeat irregular, catastrophic, and disruptive challenges more effectively. The problem is that full-spectrum operations have replaced traditional warfare training at the National Training Center (NTC) and Joint Multinational Readiness Center (JMRC) instead of complementing or augmenting it. Thus, the central research question of this thesis is as follows: Do the training models at the JMRC and NTC train maneuver units for certain portions of the full spectrum of military operations at the expense of other critical tasks? The study traces the source of training guidance from The National Security Strategy to The Quadrennial Defense Review Report to The Army Plan and eventually to Forces Command and United States Army Europe. It uses two examples of unit rotations (one at NTC and historical data from JMRC) to serve as sources of comparison between strategic guidance, operational direction, and tactical employment of full spectrum training. Both examples reveal a focus on training to defeat insurgencies at the expense of traditional expertise.

Download or read book Training for Full Spectrum Operations written by Barry Leonard and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009-05 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Will help develop an Army experienced enough to be comfortable with operating anywhere, in any type of operation, under any conditions. Its principles and concepts are intended to produce agile leaders, who can rapidly and easily adapt to changing, ambiguous situations. The manual's 4 chapters address the breadth and depth of Army training concepts. FM 7-0 sets out to change the Army mindset. The Army cannot return to its pre-9-11 focus of training for offensive and defensive operations in major combat operations. Army leaders must think differently about training and leader development in an Army that must be capable of conducting simultaneous offense, defense, and stability or civil support operations in any of the 5 operational themes. Illus.

Download or read book Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms written by United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Combat Training Center Training for Full spectrum Operations written by Oscar Diano and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The changing strategic environment has necessitated a shift in Army training from traditional maneuver warfare to full-spectrum operations to defeat irregular, catastrophic, and disruptive challenges more effectively. The problem is that full-spectrum operations have apparently replaced traditional warfare training at the National Training Center (NTC) and Joint Multinational Readiness Center (JMRC) instead of complementing or augmenting it. Thus the central research question is: Do the training models at the JMRC and NTC, train maneuver units for certain portions of the full spectrum of military operations at the expense of other critical tasks? The study traces the source of training guidance from The National Security Strategy to The Quadrennial Defense Review Report to The Army Plan and eventually to Forces Command and United States Army Europe. It uses two examples of unit rotations (one at NTC and historical data from JMRC) to serve as sources of comparison between strategic guidance, operational direction, and tactical employment of full spectrum training. Both examples reveal a focus upon training to defeat insurgencies at the expense of traditional expertise.

Download or read book Full spectrum Operations written by Paul E. Funk and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper will examine the doctrinal, organizational, and training requirements to conduct full-spectrum operations as an expeditionary force. It will also explore the tools being used now in Iraq to improve operational effectiveness. Our training doctrine is well designed and efficient when we have sufficient time to train for a conflict. However, with the Anny now engaged in full-spectrum operations, commanders must adjust their training programs to fit operational tasks that are not covered by doctrinal training models. Effective training strategies now reinforce constant adaptive change and leaders who can share knowledge from the field on emerging, operationally relevant enemy and friendly tactics, techniques and procedures. Our time tested Lessons Learned process must be more rapid in diffusion, and the force must resource units with the tools essential to capture these emerging lessons and make the necessary adjustments to maintain the initiative against our adversaries. The Joint Forces Command recently published Operation Iraqi Freedom Major Combat Operations, an After Action Review (AAR). In the AAR, several recommendations were made that referenced the emerging evolution of warfare to a full- spectrum paradigm. One of those recommendations clearly emphasizes the importance of the full-spectrum approach used during the ongoing stability and support phases by the First Cavalry Division's recent operational experience as Multinational Division (Baghdad). A second recommendation, and the most revealing finding, was the emergent need for knowledge-based warfare. Finally, I will discuss how these changes can impact the future force. This interest stems from my personal experience as the First Cavalry Division's operations officer during the preparation and a portion of the execution phase of Operation Iraq Freedom ll.

Download or read book Full Spectrum Operations written by Christopher T. Fahrenbach and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The U.S. Army's current operating concept of Full Spectrum Operations is nothing more than a return to an earlier concept, Flexible Response. The Army adopted Flexible Response in the early 1960s to mitigate the threat posed by Soviet nuclear, conventional, and unconventional capabilities in Western Europe. The Army made a calculated decision to adopt that concept based upon its understanding of the nature of the threat posed to national strategic aims by the Soviet military in Western Europe, the likely geographic location conflict would occur. No such calculus exists today. Instead, the Army has adopted an operating concept in Full Spectrum Operations that is outdated and out of its original context. This is in error and poses a security risk to the United States. This error exists partly because of the method through which the Army develops operating concepts. Today, the U.S. Army conducts capabilities-based operating concept development, instead of the threat-based method it used in the past. The Army justified this change in method in the belief that the fluid nature of the post-Cold War world would preclude traditional, threat-based assessments. Change would be a constant, and any operating concept would have to keep pace with change. However, as demonstrated in combat in both Iraq and Afghanistan, not even the capabilities-based concept of Full Spectrum Operations was up to the task. It failed to adapt quickly enough to mitigate threats in the security environment. History provides more than one example of successful operating concept developed using threat assessment. In particular, the Soviet concept of deep operations is one example that successfully survived the rigor of combat. Contrasting this example to Army operating concepts over time example will highlight the Army's inability to adapt its operating concept to changing conditions in the security environment. Contrasting this example to the current operating concept of Full Spectrum Operations will reveal the current concept's failings and the inherent risk posed to U.S. strategic aims."--Abstract.

Download or read book Operations written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-10 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Army believes that the U.S. will continue to be engaged in an era of ¿persistent conflict¿ -- a period of protracted confrontation among states, non-state, and individual actors increasingly willing to use violence to achieve their political and ideological ends. This manual is a revolutionary departure from past doctrine. Commanders will employ offensive, defensive, and civil support operations simultaneously as part of an interdependent joint force to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative, accepting prudent risk to create opportunities to achieve decisive results. This ed. will take us into the 21st century urban battlefields among the people without losing our capabilities to dominate the higher conventional end of the spectrum of conflict.

Download or read book Training for Full Spectrum Operations written by Department of the Army and published by . This book was released on 2008-12-12 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FM 7-0, Training for Full Spectrum Operations, establishes the Army's keystone doctrine for training. Since FM 7-0 was last published, enough has changed in the nature of operational environments worldwide to merit a full review of its content and form. FM 7-0 is the guide for Army training and training management. It addresses the fundamental principles and tenets of training. FM 7-0 addresses the fundamentals of training modular, expeditionary Army forces to conduct full spectrum operations-simultaneous offensive, defensive, and stability or civil support operations-in an era of persistent conflict. Conducting effective training for full spectrum operations must be a top priority of senior leaders during both force generation and operational deployments. FM 7-0 incorporates new tenets for training modular organizations to conduct full spectrum operations. However, the manual has further developed the concepts in the 2002 version as well. The Army must not lose the many sound training practices used before 11 September 2001. In addition, the manual emphasizes that commanders should leverage the combat experience of seasoned individuals and their leaders in developing training plans. FM 7-0 cannot answer every training challenge of today's complex operational environments. It should, however, generate reflection and introspection on how Soldiers and units train for full spectrum operations as an expeditionary Army. FM 7-0 is organized as follows: * Chapter 1 discusses the environment in which training and operations occur. It stresses the need for the Army to prepare for full spectrum operations. The chapter concludes by discussing the aim point concept used to focus training on the most likely operational environments. * Chapter 2 focuses on the Army's seven principles of training and the supporting tenets that apply at all organizational levels and across all components. * Chapter 3 describes the Army Training System, defines training and education, describes the three training domains, and provides a brief discussion of leader development. * Chapter 4 describes Army training management. It begins by describing the effects of Army force generation and modular organizations on training management. Then it addresses how to develop the mission-essential task list. The bulk of the chapter discusses how to use the Army's training management model to plan, prepare, execute, and assess training.

Download or read book A Complex and Volatile Environment written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-02-25 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In autumn 2011, the US Army introduced Unified Land Operations (ULO) as its new operational concept, concluding the era of Full Spectrum Operations (FSO). FSO was the Army's operational concept during recent conflicts, including the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The Army transitioned to ULO based on voids in Army doctrine and terminology, the persistent need to nest with joint doctrine, lessons learned from Iraq and Afghanistan, and the necessary requirement to convey the Army's unique warfighting capabilities to outside organizations. In addition, the concurrent enactment of ULO and Doctrine 2015 made doctrine more accessible to Soldiers and leaders throughout the Army. However, the adoption of ULO did not constitute a radical transformation of doctrinal thinking. To the contrary, there are only minor differences between FSO and ULO. Unfortunately, however, some of the adjustments unintentionally resulted in a confusing mix of original terminology and mature concepts. This monograph compares the two most recent doctrinal constructs and analyzes their key features in order to elucidate their compatibilities. Moreover, it argues that many of the allegedly new concepts, such as the core competencies and mission command, are carry-overs from Field Manual (FM) 3-0 Change 1, published in early 2011 as part of FSO. Ideally, this monograph seeks to assist future doctrinal revisions, while clearly delineating the similarities between FSO and ULO. In 2011, the US Army adopted Unified Land Operations (ULO) as its new operational concept, officially ending the era of Full Spectrum Operations (FSO). FSO had been part of the Army's vocabulary for the better part of ten years, serving as its doctrinal construct that supported numerous warfighting missions, specifically in Afghanistan and Iraq. After a decade of persistent conflict, many Army leaders, including General Robert Cone, the Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) Commander in 2011, acknowledged the necessity for an enhanced doctrine. The new operational concept intended to support warfighters, who struggled to comprehend and defeat emerging and complex threats, which often dwarfed into a hybrid combination of conventional, unconventional, terroristic, and criminal elements. In other words, the introduction of ULO drew on multiple years of lessons learned to make Army doctrine compatible with the twenty-first century environment. ULO, with its evolving ideas of the core competencies of combined arms maneuver (CAM) and wide area security (WAS), mission command, and initiative, would help the Army meet many ongoing challenges and promote long-term success. In addition, ULO nested with the joint operational construct of Unified Action, while articulating to the public how the nation's land component contributed to national security.

Download or read book Building Cultural Capability for Full spectrum Operations written by Allison Abbe and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Full Spectrum Education for Full Spectrum Operations Educating the Army s Junior Captains for Full Spectrum Operations written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To conduct full spectrum operations, the Army must leverage civilian graduate programs to educate its company grade combat arms officers in fields of study that will support stability operations. This thesis advocates that the Army change how it educates its junior captains (specifically combat arms) for the complex and ambiguous battlefields of today and tomorrow. The Army has transformed its doctrine and organizations to support full-spectrum operations; however, it has not changed how it educates its junior officers. The Army must accept its role as the U.S. Government's primary nation-building entity. Currently the Army trains its officers the same way it did during the Cold War. The Cold War presented the Army with a simple military problem, and simple problems have existing military solutions. The stability/nation-building operations that the Army currently faces and will continue to face present multiple complex problems, which in many cases have nonmilitary solutions. The complex operational environment of today also requires decentralized full spectrum operations that use mission type orders as the primary command and control methodology. Additionally, these will be coalition/joint/interagency operations conducted in underdeveloped nations that will require the captain to interact with the local population, their cultural mores, and their government. These requirements demand small unit operations lead by a mentally agile captain who has been educated for uncertainty. The advent of the information age means that this captain's judgment will be scrutinized instantaneously by his chain of command and the omnipresent global media. If the captain exercises poor judgment it could have strategic consequences for the U.S. Government's national security strategy.

Download or read book FM 7 0 2011 written by United States Dept. of the Army and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FM 7-0 addresses the fundamentals of training modular, expeditionary Army forces and developing leaders to conduct full spectrum operations in an era of persistent conflict. To emphasize that the unit mission-essential task list (METL) must reflect full spectrum operations, this manual uses the phrase "full spectrum operations MEAL." Conducting effective training for full spectrum operations must be a top priority of senior leaders during ARFORGEN and during operational deployments.

Download or read book Transitions in Full Spectrum Operations written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During OIF in 2003, the Army demonstrated its unrivaled ability to overmatch an enemy in a conventional mechanized conflict. By all accounts, the Army's participation in the decisive operation phase of the campaign was a stunning success. Just as in Desert Storm, the Army validated its warfighting ethos built on sound doctrine and years of hard training. How did success in the initial phases of OIF fail to translate into success for the campaign? This monograph contends that the missteps following the initial success can be attributed to the same ethos that provided the tactical victory. In spite of the Army's operational concept of full spectrum operations, the tactical culture blinded the Army leaders to the requirements to transition from offense to stability operations and caused a loss of initiative yet to be regained. To correct the ethos and align it with the full spectrum operations concept, the Army must address the deficiencies in doctrine and develop training scenarios that stress the importance of transitioning between offense, defense, and stability operation.

Download or read book FM 7 0 Training Units and Developing Leaders for Full Spectrum Operations written by United States. Department of the Army and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FM 7-0, Training for Full Spectrum Operations, establishes the Army's keystone doctrine for training. Since FM 7-0 was last published, enough has changed in the nature of operational environments worldwide to merit a full review of its content and form. FM 7-0 is the guide for Army training and training management. It addresses the fundamental principles and tenets of training. FM 7-0 addresses the fundamentals of training modular, expeditionary Army forces to conduct full spectrum operations -- simultaneous offensive, defensive, and stability or civil support operations -- in an era of persistent conflict. Conducting effective training for full spectrum operations must be a top priority of senior leaders during both force generation and operational deployments.

Download or read book Making the Soldier Decisive on Future Battlefields written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-06-10 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. military does not believe its soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines should be engaged in combat with adversaries on a "level playing field." Our combat individuals enter engagements to win. To that end, the United States has used its technical prowess and industrial capability to develop decisive weapons that overmatch those of potential enemies. In its current engagement-what has been identified as an "era of persistent conflict"- the nation's most important weapon is the dismounted soldier operating in small units. Today's soldier must be prepared to contend with both regular and irregular adversaries. Results in Iraq and Afghanistan show that, while the U.S. soldier is a formidable fighter, the contemporary suite of equipment and support does not afford the same high degree of overmatch capability exhibited by large weapons platforms-yet it is the soldier who ultimately will play the decisive role in restoring stability. Making the Soldier Decisive on Future Battlefields establishes the technical requirements for overmatch capability for dismounted soldiers operating individually or in small units. It prescribes technological and organizational capabilities needed to make the dismounted soldier a decisive weapon in a changing, uncertain, and complex future environment and provides the Army with 15 recommendations on how to focus its efforts to enable the soldier and tactical small unit (TSU) to achieve overmatch.

Download or read book Unified Land Operations ADRP 3 0 written by Department of the Army and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-09-24 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Army Doctrine Reference Publication (ADRP) 3-0, Unified Land Operations, is the first ADRP released under Doctrine 2015. ADRP 3-0 expands on the foundations and tenets found in Army Doctrine Publication (ADP) 3-0. This ADRP expands on the doctrine of unified land operations found in ADP 3-0. The publication of ADP 3-0 shifted the Army's operational concept from full spectrum operations to unified land operations. The doctrine of unified land operations describes how the Army demonstrates its core competencies of combined arm maneuver and wide area security through decisive action. The term decisive action replaces the term full spectrum operations as the concept of continuous, simultaneous offense, defense, stability, or defense support of civil authorities. Defense support of civil authorities replaces civil support as a task under decisive action. ADRP 3-0 expands the discussion of the foundations and tenets of unified land operations, as well as the operational framework found in ADP 3-0. Additional changes in ADRP 3-0 from the now obsolete 2011 FM 3-0, Change 1, includes a discussion of the range of military operations replacing the spectrum of conflict as well as a discussion of information collection replacing intelligence, reconnaissance, and surveillance (known as ISR). These changes in ADRP 3-0 now better align Army doctrine with the joint discussion of the principles of joint operations. ADRP 3-0 remains generally consistent with the now obsolete 2011 FM 3-0, Change 1, on key topics while adopting updated terminology and concepts as necessary. These topics include the discussion of an operational environment and the operational and mission variables, as well as the discussions of unified action, law of land warfare, and combat power. As in the now obsolete 2011, FM 3-0, Change 1, mission command remains both a philosophy of command and a warfighting function. Finally, ADRP 3-0 maintains combined arms as the application of arms that multiplies Army forces' effectiveness in all operations. ADRP 3-0 contains four chapters: Chapter 1 shortens the discussion of the operational environment found on the now obsolete 2011 FM 3-0, Change 1, and emphasizes military operations. This chapter provides a framework of variables of an operational environment that shape their nature and affect outcomes. The chapter then discusses unified action and joint operations as well as land operations. Finally, this chapter discusses law of land warfare and combined arms. Chapter 2 introduces the Army's new operational concept of unified land operations. It discusses how commanders apply landpower as part of unified action to defeat the enemy on land and establish conditions that achieve the joint force commander's end state. Chapter 2 discusses how commanders demonstrate the Army's new core competencies of combined arms maneuver and wide area security conducted through decisive action. Chapter 3 discusses combat power and the warfighting functions used to generate combat power in support of unified land operations. As in the now obsolete 2011 FM 3-0, Change 1, chapter 3 discusses the eight elements of combat power that include the six warfighting functions with leadership and information. Lastly, it discusses how Army forces achieve combined arms through force tailoring, task organization, and mutual support. Chapter 4 discusses the elements of operational art and the meaning of operational art to Army forces. It elaborates on commanders and staffs applying the elements of operational art to understand, visualize, and describe how to establish conditions to achieve a desired end state. It discusses how operational art represents a creative approach to dealing with the direction of military forces and expresses an informed vision across the levels of war.