Download or read book Fuel rich Catalytic Combustion of a High Density Fuel written by Theodore A. Brabbs and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fuel rich Catalytic Combustion written by Theodore A. Brabbs and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fuel Rich Catalytic Combustion of a High Density Fuel written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-12-31 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel-rich catalytic combustion (ER is greater than 4) of the high density fuel exo-tetrahydrocyclopentadiene (JP-10) was studied over the equivalence ratio range 5.0 to 7.6, which yielded combustion temperatures of 1220 to 1120 K. The process produced soot-free gaseous products similar to those obtained with iso-octane and jet-A in previous studies. The measured combustion temperature agreed well with that calculated assuming soot was not a combustion product. The process raised the effective hydrogen/carbon (H/C) ratio from 1.6 to over 2.0, thus significantly improving the combustion properties of the fuel. At an equivalence ratio near 5.0, about 80 percent of the initial fuel carbon was in light gaseous products and about 20 percent in larger condensable molecules. Fuel-rich catalytic combustion has now been studied for three fuels with H/C ratios of 2.25 (iso-octane), 1.92 (jet-A), and 1.6 (JP-10). A comparison of the product distribution of these fuels shows that, in general, the measured concentrations of the combustion products were monotonic functions of the H/C ratio with the exception of hydrogen and ethylene. In these cases, data for JP-10 fell between iso-octane and jet-A rather than beyond jet-A. It is suggested that the ring cross-linking structure of JP-10 may be responsible for this behavior. All the fuels studied showed that the largest amounts of small hydrocarbon molecules and the smallest amounts of large condensable molecules occurred at the lower equivalence ratios. This corresponds to the highest combustion temperatures used in these studies. Although higher temperatures may improve this mix, the temperature is limited. First, the life of the present catalyst would be greatly shortened when operated at temperatures of 1300 K or greater. Second, fuel-rich catalytic combustion does not produce soot because the combustion temperatures used in the experiments were well below the threshold temperature (1350 K) for the formation of soot. Increasing t...
Download or read book Fuel rich Catalytic Combustion of Jet A Fuel written by Theodore A. Brabbs and published by . This book was released on 1989* with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel rich catalytic combustion (E.R.> 5.0) is a unique technique for preheating a hydrocarbon fuel to temperatures much higher than those obtained by conventional heat exchangers. In addition to producing very reactive molecules, the process upgrades the structure of the fuel by the formation of hydrogen and smaller hydrocarbons and produces a cleaner burning fuel by removing some of the fuel carbon from the soot formation chain. Temperatures higher than the 1200 K measured in a previous study with iso-octane (ref. 1) can be obtained by altering the air inlet temperature and/or the equivalence ratio (E.R.). The maximum temperature for the processed gases is probably 1350 K which is the threshold temperature for the formation of soot (ref. 2). This paper will describe the successful application of fuel-rich catalytic combustion to Jet-A, multicomponent fuel used in gas turbine combustors.
Download or read book Fuel rich Catalytic Combustion written by Theodore A. Brabbs and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fuel rich Catalytic Combustion A Soot free Technique for in Situ Hydrogen like Enrichment written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Landwirtschaftliche und nichtlandwirtschaftliche Ausbildung Haushaltsstruktur soziale Sicherung und ausserbetriebliches Einkommen der landwirtschaftlichen Betriebe Schleswig Holsteins written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to Catalytic Combustion written by R.E. Hayes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-10-25 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a clear and concise manner, this book explains how to apply concepts in chemical reaction engineering and transport phenomena to the design of catalytic combustion systems. Although there are many textbooks on the subject of chemical reaction engineering, catalytic combustion is mentioned either only briefly or not at all. The authors have chosen three examples where catalytic combustion is utilized as a primary combustion process and natural gas is used as a fuel - stationary gas turbines, process fluid heaters, and radiant heaters; these cover much of the area where research is currently most active. In each of these there are clear environmental benefits to be gained illustrating catalytic combustion as a "cleaner primary combustion process" . The dominant heat transfer processes in each of the applications are different, as are the support systems, flow geometrics and operating conditions.
Download or read book Catalytic Combustion of Light Hydrocarbons Under Fuel Rich Conditions written by Ahmet K. Avci and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book System Study of Rich Catalytic Lean Burn RCL Catalytic Combustion for Natural Gas and Coal Derived Syngas Combustion Turbines written by Lance Smith and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rich Catalytic/Lean burn (RCL{reg_sign}) technology has been successfully developed to provide improvement in Dry Low Emission gas turbine technology for coal derived syngas and natural gas delivering near zero NOx emissions, improved efficiency, extending component lifetime and the ability to have fuel flexibility. The present report shows substantial net cost saving using RCL{reg_sign} technology as compared to other technologies both for new and retrofit applications, thus eliminating the need for Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) in combined or simple cycle for Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) and natural gas fired combustion turbines.
Download or read book Ultra Low NOx Catalytic Combustion for IGCC Power Plants written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to meet DOE's goals of developing low-emissions coal-based power systems, PCI has further developed and adapted it's Rich-Catalytic Lean-burn (RCL{reg_sign}) catalytic reactor to a combustion system operating on syngas as a fuel. The technology offers ultra-low emissions without the cost of exhaust after-treatment, with high efficiency (avoidance of after-treatment losses and reduced diluent requirements), and with catalytically stabilized combustion which extends the lower Btu limit for syngas operation. Tests were performed in PCI's sub-scale high-pressure (10 atm) test rig, using a two-stage (catalytic then gas-phase) combustion process for syngas fuel. In this process, the first stage consists of a fuel-rich mixture reacting on a catalyst with final and excess combustion air used to cool the catalyst. The second stage is a gas-phase combustor, where the air used for cooling the catalyst mixes with the catalytic reactor effluent to provide for final gas-phase burnout and dilution to fuel-lean combustion products. During testing, operating with a simulated Tampa Electric's Polk Power Station syngas, the NOx emissions program goal of less than 0.03 lbs/MMBtu (6 ppm at 15% O2) was met. NOx emissions were generally near 0.01 lbs/MMBtu (2 ppm at 15% O2) (PCI's target) over a range on engine firing temperatures. In addition, low emissions were shown for alternative fuels including high hydrogen content refinery fuel gas and low BTU content Blast Furnace Gas (BFG). For the refinery fuel gas increased resistance to combustor flashback was achieved through preferential consumption of hydrogen in the catalytic bed. In the case of BFG, stable combustion for fuels as low as 88 BTU/ft3 was established and maintained without the need for using co-firing. This was achieved based on the upstream catalytic reaction delivering a hotter (and thus more reactive) product to the flame zone. The PCI catalytic reactor was also shown to be active in ammonia reduction in fuel allowing potential reductions in the burner NOx production. These reductions of NOx emissions and expanded alternative fuel capability make the rich catalytic combustor uniquely situated to provide reductions in capital costs through elimination of requirements for SCR, operating costs through reduction in need for NOx abating dilution, SCR operating costs, and need for co-firing fuels allowing use of lower value but more available fuels, and efficiency of an engine through reduction in dilution flows.
Download or read book Development of a Catalytic Combustor for Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pollution problems associated with unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the idle mode, and NOx and smoke production in the power mode of aircraft gas turbine operation can be minimized using hybrid catalytic combustion. A hybrid catalytic combustor consists of a fuel-rich precombustor, secondary air quenching zone, and monolithic catalyst stage which rapidly oxidizes CO and UHC produced in the pre-combustor. The concentration of thermally-produced NOx in the pre-combustor is very low because of the lack of oxygen. However, the formation of NOx precursors such as HCN and NH3 produced under fuel rich conditions must be considered. Data showed that nitrogeneous species produced in the rich pre-combustion zone were efficiently converted to NOx by catalysts under the very lean mixture conditions that result from the secondary air quench. The equivalence ratio in the pre-combustor was varied from 0.5 to 1.5, while the overall mixture, after secondary air injection, was in the range of 0.1 to 0.3.
Download or read book ULTRA LOW NOx CATALYTIC COMBUSTION FOR IGCC POWER PLANTS written by Lance L. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tests were performed in PCI's sub-scale high-pressure (10 atm) test rig, using PCI's two-stage (catalytic / gas-phase) combustion process for syngas fuel. In this process, the first stage is a Rich-Catalytic Lean-burn (RCL{trademark}) catalytic reactor, wherein a fuel-rich mixture contacts the catalyst and reacts while final and excess combustion air cool the catalyst. The second stage is a gas-phase combustor, wherein the catalyst cooling air mixes with the catalytic reactor effluent to provide for final gas-phase burnout and dilution to fuel-lean combustion products. During the reporting period, PCI successfully achieved NOx = 0.011 lbs/MMBtu at 10 atm pressure (corresponding to 2.0 ppm NOx corrected to 15% O{sub 2} dry) with near-zero CO emissions, surpassing the project goal of
Download or read book EPA 600 9 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980-08 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fuel Rich Combustion of a Syngas air Mixture on a Platinum Catalytic Combustor written by Frank Patrick Kelly and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigation of Heterogeneous Surface Chemistry for the Catalytic Combustion of Methane and Syngas written by Cary Asher Henry and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: In recent years, catalytic combustion has been intensely researched for its ability to reduce NO[subscript x] emissions and the release of unburned hydrocarbons. One major point of interest is the use of catalytic reactors along with homogeneous combustors to create a hybrid combustor for power generation cycles. By using catalysis along with traditional homogeneous combustion, the same amount of energy can be released from hydrocarbon fuels at a temperature lower than the adiabatic flame temperature, which results in a reduction in the produced NO[subscript x] emissions. While studies on the activity of fuel lean catalytic reactors are well published, there have been few investigations for the fuel rich catalytic reactors. Another aspect of catalytic combustion which has little published research is the study of heat transfer effects initiated by a catalytically active surface. The focus of this research is to study and model the chemical kinetics for the fuel rich catalytic combustion of methane, hydrogen, and syngas as well as to investigate the effect of a catalytically active surface on the convective heat transfer coefficient of the catalyst surface.
Download or read book Catalytic Combustor for Fuel Flexible Turbine written by W. R. Laster and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory, Siemens Westinghouse is conducting a three-year program to develop an ultra low NOx, fuel flexible catalytic combustor for gas turbine application in IGCC. The program is defined in three phases: Phase 1-Implementation Plan, Phase 2-Validation Testing and Phase 3-Field Testing. The Phase 1 program has been completed. Phase II was initiated in October 2004. In IGCC power plants, the gas turbine must be capable of operating on syngas as a primary fuel and an available back-up fuel such as natural gas. In this program the Rich Catalytic Lean (RCL{trademark}) technology is being developed as an ultra low NOx combustor. In this concept, ultra low NOx is achieved by stabilizing a lean premix combustion process by using a catalytic reactor to react part of the fuel, increasing the fuel/air mixture temperature. In Phase 1, the feasibility of the catalytic concept for syngas application has been evaluated and the key technology issues identified. In Phase II the catalytic concept will be demonstrated through subscale testing. Phase III will consist of full-scale combustor basket testing on natural gas and syngas.
