Download or read book Fuel Cycle Evaluations of Biomass Ethanol and Reformulated Gasoline Overview written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fuel Cycle Evaluations of Biomass ethanol and Reformulated Gasoline written by Karin Shaine Tyson and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is limited to creating an inventory of inputs and outputs for three transportation fuels: 1) reformulated gasoline (RFG) that meets standards of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) using methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE); 2) gasohol (E10), a mixture of 10% ethanol made from municipal solid waste (MSW) and 90% gasoline; and 3) E95, a mixture of 5% gasoline and 95% ethanol made from energy crops such as grasses and trees. Copies of the original data are available in Volume II: Appendices.
Download or read book Fuel Cycle Evaluations of Biomass ethanol and Reformulated Gasoline written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US Department of Energy (DOE) is using the total fuel cycle analysis (TFCA) methodology to evaluate energy choices. The National Energy Strategy (NES) identifies TFCA as a tool to describe and quantify the environmental, social, and economic costs and benefits associated with energy alternatives. A TFCA should quantify inputs and outputs, their impacts on society, and the value of those impacts that occur from each activity involved in producing and using fuels, cradle-to-grave. New fuels and energy technologies can be consistently evaluated and compared using TFCA, providing a sound basis for ranking policy options that expand the fuel choices available to consumers. This study is limited to creating an inventory of inputs and outputs for three transportation fuels: (1) reformulated gasoline (RFG) that meets the standards of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) using methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE); (2) gasohol (E10), a mixture of 10% ethanol made from municipal solid waste (MSW) and 90% gasoline; and (3) E95, a mixture of 5% gasoline and 95% ethanol made from energy crops such as grasses and trees. The ethanol referred to in this study is produced from lignocellulosic material-trees, grass, and organic wastes -- called biomass. The biomass is converted to ethanol using an experimental technology described in more detail later. Corn-ethanol is not discussed in this report. This study is limited to estimating an inventory of inputs and outputs for each fuel cycle, similar to a mass balance study, for several reasons: (1) to manage the size of the project; (2) to provide the data required for others to conduct site-specific impact analysis on a case-by-case basis; (3) to reduce data requirements associated with projecting future environmental baselines and other variables that require an internally consistent scenario.
Download or read book Fuel Cycle Evaluations of Biomass Ethanol and Reformulated Gasoline Volume I written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is limited to creating an inventory of inputs and outputs for three transportation fuels: 1) reformulated gasoline (RFG) that meets standards of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) using methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE); 2) gasohol (E10), a mixture of 10% ethanol made from municipal solid waste (MSW) and 90% gasoline; and 3) E95, a mixture of 5% gasoline and 95% ethanol madefrom energy crops such as grasses and trees. Copies of the original data are available in Volume II: Appendices.
Download or read book Handbook on Bioethanol written by Charles Wyman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioethanol is a versatile transportation fuel and fuel additive that offers excellent performance and reduced air pollution compared to conventional fuels. Its production and use adds little, if any, net release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, dramatically reducing the potential for global climate change. Through a sustained research program and an emerging economic competitiveness, the technology for bioethanol production is poised for immediate widespread commercial applications. Written by engineers and scientists providing a technical focus, this handbook provides the up-to-date information needed by managers, engineers, and scientists to evaluate the technology, market, and economics of this fuel, while examining the development of production required to support its commercial use.
Download or read book Implications of Ethanol based Fuels for Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US Environmental Protection Agency has proposed a rule which would mandate that 30% of the oxygen content of reformulated gasoline be provided by renewable oxygenates. The rule would essentially require that biomass-based ethanol, or ETBE derived from ethanol, be used to supply 30% of the oxygen in reformulated gasoline. This short statement addresses the very narrow question, ''Would this rule result in a net decrease in greenhouse gas emissions?'' The challenge then is to determine how much greenhouse gas is emitted during the ethanol fuel cycle, a fuel cycle that is much less mature and less well documented than the petroleum fuel cycle. In the petroleum fuel cycle, most of the greenhouse gas emissions come from fuel combustion. In the ethanol fuel cycle most of the greenhouse gas emissions come from the fuel production processes. Details of corn productivity, fertilizer use, process efficiency, fuel source, etc. become very important. It is also important that the ethanol fuel cycle produces additional products and the greenhouse gas emissions have somehow to be allocated among the respective products. With so many variables in the ethanol fuel cycle, the concern is actually with ethanol-based additives which will be produced in response to the proposed rule, and not necessarily with the average of ethanol which is being produced now. A first important observation is that the difference between standard gasoline and reformulated gasoline is very small so that when differences are drawn against alternative fuels, it makes little difference whether the contrast is against standard or reformulated gasoline. A second observation is that for this base case comparison, emissions of CO2 alone are roughly 13% less for the ethanol fuel cycle than for the reformulated gasoline cycle.
Download or read book Alternative Fuels and the Environment written by Frances S. Sterrett and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-10-12 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alternative Fuels and the Environment evaluates the timely issue of renewable, alternative resources to fossil fuels and nuclear energy, such as solar, anemoelectric, hydroelectric, and geothermal energy. These alternative power sources not only have the advantage of being renewable, but they are also economically attractive and have minimal adverse environmental impact, such as the waste emission of SO2, NOx, or greenhouse gases. This book analyzes the harnessing of the sun's energy by photochemical reactions, artificial photosynthesis, and photovoltaic electric power generation. It further discusses how hydrogen as fuel is produced by solar photoelectrolysis of water and how wind turbines generate electricity, while ocean thermal energy produces electric power and fresh water. Geothermal energy and hydroelectric power are also renewable sources of electricity. Biofuels and biomass are useful as energy sources, and surplus land is usable for woody, herbaceous, high-yield energy crop production. The book also investigates reformulated gasoline with oxygenated fuels, such as ethanol or methanol.
Download or read book Current Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995-03 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization and Single Stage Denitrification Anaerobic Digestion of Spent Stream from the Hydrolysis Fermentation Combustion Process written by Ramnik Singh and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The New Petroleum written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reformulated Gasoline written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the First International Conference on Alternative Aviation Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomass to Ethanol Pathways written by Sabrina Spatari and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethanol derived from lignocellulose (biomass) is a promising alternative to petroleum-based fuels for light-duty vehicle transportation; in particular, because it represents a near-term liquid fuel that is renewable, domestically produced, requires moderate infrastructure changes, and has the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This thesis investigates environmental and energy impacts of a set of emerging lignocellulosic ethanol technologies using life cycle assessment and statistical methods to characterize the potential performance and development of those technologies. A set of emerging pretreatment methods are investigated in combination with near-term saccharification and co-fermentation and mature consolidated bioprocessing technologies for producing ethanol from lignocellulose. Results from the research show that relative to gasoline vehicles, lignocelulose-based ethanol fuelled vehicles in blends with 15% reformulated gasoline (by volume) can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by between 25% and 130% per kilometre driven depending upon the feedstock and conversion technology selected. Furthermore, the analysis shows the potential for displacing between 9% and 40% of U.S. annual gasoline demand, and more than 100% of Canadian annual gasoline demand over the next 20 years. A major finding is the impact of co-product allocation: when electricity co-product credits are incorporated into model designs, technologies with low ethanol yield and high electricity yield are preferred from an emissions and energy perspective. However, this finding depends strongly on whether the electricity co-product is displacing mostly coal-based existing electricity facilities, and it is likely that producing larger amounts of ethanol fuels to displace gasoline will help reduce fossil and petroleum energy, and greenhouse gas emissions from light-duty vehicle transportation, as well as contribute to energy security goals for the sector. This thesis demonstrates how systems-based analytical models that measure the full set of environmental tradeoffs associated with emerging fuel technologies are essential inputs to guide decision making and policies for the next generation of transportation energy infrastructure.
Download or read book ABC s of AFV s written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Analysis of Biomass to ethanol Facilities written by D. Corbus and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomass Resource Assessment and Utilization Options for Three Counties in Eastern Oregon written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
