Download or read book From the Realm of the Nebulae to Populations of Galaxies written by Mauro D'Onofrio and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-26 with total page 809 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to outline possible future directions in galaxy research, this book wants to be a short stopover, a moment of self-reflection of the past century of achievements in this area. Since the pioneering years of galaxy research in the early 20th century, the research on galaxies has seen a relentless advance directly connected to the parallel exponential growth of new technologies. Through a series of interviews with distinguished astronomers the editors provide a snapshot of the achievements obtained in understanding galaxies. While many initial questions about their nature have been addressed, many are still open and require new efforts to achieve a solution. The discussions may reveal paradigms worthwhile revisiting. With the help of some of those scientists who have contributed to it, the editors sketch the history of this scientific journey and ask them for inspirations for future directions of galaxy research.

Download or read book The Realm of the Nebulae written by Edwin Powell Hubble and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1982-01-01 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No modern astronomer made a more profound contribution to our understanding of the cosmos than did Edwin Hubble, who first conclusively demonstrated that the universe is expanding. Basing his theory on the observation of the change in distanct galaxies, called red shift, Hubble showed that this is a Doppler effect, or alteration in the wavelength of light, resulting from the rapid motion of celestial objects away from Earth. In 1935, Hubble described his principal observations and conclusions in the Silliman lectures at Yale University. These lectures were published the following year as "The Realm of the Nebulae," which quickly became a classic work.

Download or read book Unveiling Galaxies written by Jean-René Roy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thought provoking study of the powerful impact of images in guiding astronomers' understanding of galaxies through time.

Download or read book Nebulae Star Clusters Galaxies written by Wolfgang Steinicke and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nebulae, star clusters, and galaxies are outside our solar system. They belong to the 'deep sky' and lead the observer to great distances and at the same time the view goes far into the past. The light of the most distant galaxies took billions of years to reach us. No less fascinating is our home galaxy, the Milky Way, offering many bright nebulae and star clusters. The book covers three important topics related to deep-sky objects: history, astrophysics, and observation. When beginners observe an object visually, not knowing anything about it, they will only perceive a faint spot of light - nothing really exciting. So, to get the right 'cosmic' feeling, the view should be enriched with stories about the object's discovery, distance, physical nature, or evolution. Supplied with this kind of information, deep-sky observing becomes a fascinating activity - braving the cold and darkness. Over time, advanced fields such as observation techniques or astrophotography come into play. The book informs the reader about all these topics and offers a comprehensive collection of interesting targets.

Download or read book A Multifaceted Perspective on Galaxy Evolution written by Tim Haines and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A key component of astronomy is the study of how galaxies change over time. Once thought to be static "island universes" today, we know that galaxies are dynamic systems reacting to changes in their internal and external environments in myriad ways. From simple observables like their shapes and colors to the complex interplay of their intricate stellar populations, evolving galaxies contain a wealth of information about their past. Yet, these observables alone are not enough to allow us to determine how these galaxies came to be or what they will become. For that, we need to combine theoretical models assembled from fundamental laboratory physics and apply them to galaxies through the use of state- of-the-art computer simulations. This careful combination of observation and computation has allowed our understanding of galaxy evolution to transition from the simple realm of the nebulae into a substantial field of astronomy. In this thesis, we explore three perspectives of galaxy evolution at different levels of detail- through both observations and computer simulations. We begin with a simple observation: the stars in our galaxy appear to be moving in strange ways. If our Galaxy were living an uneventful life, we would expect all of the stars to be moving in nearly circular orbits with small, but appreciable, vertical motions- much like the horse on a carousel. However, recent surveys of nearby stars have found substantial deviations from such a perfect life. With the stars moving vertically in ways that indicate the galaxy has been rung like a bell. Some observers have posited that interactions with very nearby galaxies like the Sagittarius dwarf may be responsible for these unusual stellar motions. In Chapter 2, we use a simulated version of the Milky Way that is undergoing an interaction with a small companion galaxy to explore how such an interaction can affect the motions of stars near the Sun and what effect this may have on the nearly century-old ii problem known as the Oort Limit. Our own galaxy is but one example of an entire population disk-like galaxies with blue colors due to the presence of newly-formed stars. Opposite this population of "blue cloud" galaxies is the "red sequence" which is made up of spheroidal galaxies with red colors due to having nearly no ongoing star formation. In Chapter 3, we take a detailed look at an exceptionally rare, but quite important subpopulation of galaxies that are thought to be transitioning between the blue cloud and the red sequence through the so-called "green valley." Much like transitional fossils in biology, these galaxies have properties intermediate between both the disk-like galaxies of the blue cloud and the massive spheroids of the red sequence. Although few in number, the presence in the universe provides us with a critical view of the fleeting transitions these galaxies are undergoing to help us unlock the mysteries of how massive galaxies in the universe form. Our understanding of galaxy evolution at every scale relies heavily on computer simulations. In Chapter 4, we approach the subject through the lens of a software developer writing a modern N-body solver used to simulate the gravitational dynamics of galaxies. In particular, we explore how utilizing accelerator hardware like graphics processing units (GPUs) can increase both the precision and size of problems that can be solved in galaxy evolution both for today and tomorrow.

Download or read book Evolution of Stars and Stellar Populations written by Maurizio Salaris and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-12-13 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolution of Stars and Stellar Populations is a comprehensive presentation of the theory of stellar evolution and its application to the study of stellar populations in galaxies. Taking a unique approach to the subject, this self-contained text introduces first the theory of stellar evolution in a clear and accessible manner, with particular emphasis placed on explaining the evolution with time of observable stellar properties, such as luminosities and surface chemical abundances. This is followed by a detailed presentation and discussion of a broad range of related techniques, that are widely applied by researchers in the field to investigate the formation and evolution of galaxies. This book will be invaluable for undergraduates and graduate students in astronomy and astrophysics, and will also be of interest to researchers working in the field of Galactic, extragalactic astronomy and cosmology. comprehensive presentation of stellar evolution theory introduces the concept of stellar population and describes "stellar population synthesis" methods to study ages and star formation histories of star clusters and galaxies presents stellar evolution as a tool for investigating the evolution of galaxies and of the universe in general

Download or read book Lyman Alpha Emitting Galaxies at High Redshift written by Steven Arthur Dawson and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As late as 1995, the anticipated widespread population of primeval galaxies remained at large, lurking undetected at unknown redshifts, with undiscovered properties. We present results from our efforts to detect and characterize primeval galaxies by their signature high-redshift Lyman-alpha emission lines utilizing two observational techniques: serendipitous slit spectroscopy and narrowband imaging. By pushing these techniques to their utmost limits, we probe the Lyman-alpha-emitting galaxy population out to redshifts as high as z = 6.5. Galaxies at this epoch reside in a universe which is just 800 million years old, a mere 6% of its current age. As such, this work provides one account of the manner by which observational cosmology has recently shifted from merely marveling at the incredible lookback times implied by the first few high-redshift detections, to the routine assembly of high-redshift datasets designed to address specific astrophysical issues.

Download or read book Quasars at All Cosmic Epochs written by Paola Marziani and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-10-05 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last 50 years have seen a tremendous progress in the research on quasars. From a time when quasars were unforeseen oddities, we have come to a view that considers quasars as active galactic nuclei, with nuclear activity a coming-of-age experienced by most or all galaxies in their evolution. We have passed from a few tens of known quasars of the early 1970s to the 500,000 listed in the catalogue of the Data Release 14 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Not surprisingly, accretion processes on the central black holes in the nuclei of galaxies — the key concept in our understanding of quasars and active nuclei in general — have gained an outstanding status in present-day astrophysics. Accretion produces a rich spectrum of phenomena in all bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. The power output of highly-accreting quasars has impressive effects on their host galaxies. All the improvement in telescope light gathering and in computing power notwithstanding, we still miss a clear connection between observational properties and theory for quasars, as provided, for example, by the H-R diagram for stars. We do not yet have a complete self-consistent view of nuclear activity with predictive power, as we do for main-sequence stellar sources. At the same time quasars offer many “windows open onto the unknown". On small scales, quasar properties depend on phenomena very close to the black hole event horizon. On large scales, quasars may effect evolution of host galaxies and their circum-galactic environments. Quasars’ potential to map the matter density of the Universe and help reconstruct the Universe’s spacetime geometry is still largely unexploited. The times are ripe for a critical assessment of our present knowledge of quasars as accreting black holes and of their evolution across the cosmic time. The foremost aim of this research topic is to review and contextualize the main observational scenarios following an empirical approach, to present and discuss the accretion scenario, and then to analyze how a closer connection between theory and observation can be achieved, identifying those aspects of our understanding that are still on a shaky terrain and are therefore uncertain knowledge. This research topic covers topics ranging from the nearest environment of the black hole, to the environment of the host galaxies of active nuclei, and to the quasars as markers of the large scale structure and of the geometry of spacetime of the Universe. The spatial domains encompass the accretion disk, the emission and absorption regions, circum-nuclear starbursts, the host galaxy and its interaction with other galaxies. Systematic attention is devoted to some key problems that remain outstanding and are clearly not yet solved: the existence of two quasar classes, radio quiet and radio loud, and in general, the systematic contextualization of quasar properties the properties of the central black hole, the dynamics of the accretion flow in the inner parsecs and the origin of the accretion matter, the quasars’ small and large scale environment, the feedback processes produced by the black hole into the host galaxy, quasar evolutionary patterns from seed black holes to the present-day Universe, and the use of quasars as cosmological standard candles. The timing is appropriate as we are now witnessing a growing body of results from major surveys in the optical, UV X, near and far IR, and radio spectral domains. Radio instrumentation has been upgraded to linear detector — a change that resembles the introduction of CCDs for optical astronomy — making it possible to study radio-quiet quasars at radio frequencies. Herschel and ALMA are especially suited to study the circum-nuclear star formation processes. The new generation of 3D magnetohydrodynamical models offers the prospective of a full physical modeling of the whole quasar emitting regions. At the same time, on the forefront of optical astronomy, applications of adaptive optics to long-slit spectroscopy is yielding unprecedented results on high redshift quasars. Other measurement techniques like 2D and photometric reverberation mapping are also yielding an unprecedented amount of data thanks to dedicated experiments and instruments. Thanks to the instrumental advances, ever growing computing power as well as the coming of age of statistical and analysis techniques, the smallest spatial scales are being probed at unprecedented resolution for wide samples of quasars. On large scales, feedback processes are going out of the realm of single-object studies and are entering into the domain of issues involving efficiency and prevalence over a broad range of cosmic epochs. The Research Topic "Quasars at all Cosmic Epochs" collects a large fraction of the contributions presented at a meeting held in Padova, sponsored jointly by the National Institute for Astrophysics, the Padova Astronomical Observatory, the Department of Physics and Astronomy of the University of Padova, and the Instito de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA) of the Consejo Superiór de Investigación Cientifica (CSIC). The meeting has been part of the events meant to celebrate the 250th anniversary of the foundation of the Padova Observatory.

Download or read book Galaxies The Universe Nebulae Gr 5 8 written by Charlene Homer and published by Classroom Complete Press. This book was released on 2015-09-01 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: **This is the chapter slice "Nebulae" from the full lesson plan "Galaxies & The Universe"** Get the big picture about Galaxies and our Universe. From the smallest particles of matter to the biggest star system, our universe is made up of all things that exist in space. Our resource takes you through the Milky Way Galaxy, Black Holes and Gravity, then on to Nebulae, Sources of Light and the Speed of Light, and finally to Quasars, the most distant objects in the universe. Written using simplified language and vocabulary, our resource presents science concepts in a way that makes them accessible to students and easier to understand. Comprised of reading passages, student activities for before and after reading, hands-on activities, and color mini posters, our resource can be used effectively for test prep, whole-class, small group and independent work. All of our content is aligned to your State Standards and are written to Bloom's Taxonomy and STEM initiatives.

Download or read book Karl Popper s Science and Philosophy written by Zuzana Parusniková and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-19 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of all philosophers of the 20th century, few built more bridges between academic disciplines than Karl Popper. He contributed to a wide variety of fields in addition to the epistemology and the theory of scientific method for which he is best known. This book illustrates and evaluates the impact, both substantive and methodological, that Popper has had in the natural and mathematical sciences. The topics selected include quantum mechanics, evolutionary biology, cosmology, mathematical logic, statistics, and cognitive science. The approach is multidisciplinary, opening a dialogue across scientific disciplines and between scientists and philosophers.

Download or read book Galaxy Formation written by Malcolm S. Longair and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-10 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Delineating the huge strides taken in cosmology in the past ten years, this much-anticipated second edition of Malcolm Longair's highly appreciated textbook has been extensively and thoroughly updated. It tells the story of modern astrophysical cosmology from the perspective of one of its most important and fundamental problems – how did the galaxies come about? Longair uses this approach to introduce the whole of what may be called "classical cosmology". What’s more, he describes how the study of the origin of galaxies and larger-scale structures in the Universe has provided us with direct information about the physics of the very early Universe.

Download or read book Galaxy Formation written by Malcolm Longair and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-12 with total page 1481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Delineating the huge strides taken in cosmology in the past ten years, this much-anticipated second edition of Malcolm Longair's highly appreciated textbook has been extensively and thoroughly updated. It tells the story of modern astrophysical cosmology from the perspective of one of its most important and fundamental problems – how did the galaxies come about? Longair uses this approach to introduce the whole of what may be called "classical cosmology". What’s more, he describes how the study of the origin of galaxies and larger-scale structures in the Universe has provided us with direct information about the physics of the very early Universe.

Download or read book Morphological Astronomy written by Fritz Zwicky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Man has a great tendency to get lost or to hide, as the case may be, in a jungle of details and in unnecessary complications. Why do anything simply if you can do it complicated? And still, life itself presents a sufficient number of problems to keep us busy. There would seem to be no need to create additional difficulties, just for the fun of it, especially if these self-made difficulties become practically insuperable and if in the end they cause much unhappiness. The morphological mode of thought and of action was conceived to break the vicious hold which the parasitic wild growth of complications exerts on life in all of its phases. Morphological thought and action are likely to be of value in all human activities, once such thought and action have been clearly delineated and fully developed, and once they have been practised by a sufficiently large number of people. Since the morphological method is of the greatest universality, the choice of the field to which one applies it first is not particulary critical. The author intends to write two or three books on the morphology of several large scale problems, which are both of a technical and of a general social nature. The present book is concerned in particular with some implications of morphological thinking in astronomy. We shall above all emphasize the basic character of the morphological approach, and we shall demonstrate its constructive power in a number of specific cases.

Download or read book Cosmic Odyssey written by Linda Schweizer and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-11-24 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How pioneering scientists at Palomar Observatory make dazzling discoveries of astronomical phenomena beyond human experience and imagination. Ever since 1936, pioneering scientists at Palomar Observatory in Southern California have pushed against the boundaries of the known universe, making a series of dazzling discoveries that changed our view of the cosmos: quasars, colliding galaxies, supermassive black holes, brown dwarfs, supernovae, dark matter, the never-ending expansion of the universe, and much more. In Cosmic Odyssey, astronomer Linda Schweizer tells the story of the men and women at Palomar and their efforts to decipher the vast energies and mysterious processes that govern our universe.

Download or read book Edwin Hubble The Discoverer of the Big Bang Universe written by Alexander S. Sharov and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993-10-14 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first complete account of the scientific life and work of Edwin Hubble, whose discoveries firmly established the United States as the leading nation in observational astronomy. One of the outstanding astronomers of the twentieth century, Hubble discovered the expansion of the Universe. He opened the world of galaxies for science when he showed that spiral nebulae beyond the Milky Way are galaxies extending to the limits of the Universe, and participating in a general expansion of the cosmos. The exploding Universe of Hubble, now termed the Big Bang, determined the origin of the elements, of galaxies and of the stars. The second part of the book describes the fundamental discoveries on the nature of the Universe made subsequently, and thus sets his achievements in context. Written by two prominent astronomers who have built on Hubble's work, this book is a classic of science, setting out the thrilling story of the exploding Universe.

Download or read book Nebulae and Galaxies by Giorgio Abetti and Margherita Hack written by Giorgio Abetti and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Spiral Structure of Our Galaxy written by W. Becker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of the organization of a Symposium on Spiral Structure came at a special meeting of Commission 33 on Spiral Structure during the 12th General Assembly of the IAU in Prague, 1967. So much interest was shown during this meeting that one of us proposed a special Symposium on the 'Spiral Structure of Our Galaxy' for 1969. The response was immediate and it was finally agreed upon holding the Symposium in Basel, a center of galactic research in the center of Europe. During the next months a special 'List of Problems', related to this Symposium, was sent to many prospective participants by the president of Commission 33. This stimulated an increase of interest in problems of galactic spiral structure and a con centrated effort on some problems. The organizing Committee of the Symposium was composed of Drs. L. Woltjer (president), W. Becker, A. Blaauw, B. J. Bok, G. Contopoulos, F. J. Kerr, C. C. Lin, S. W. McCuskey and S. B. Pikel'ner. Most of the work for the organization of the Symposium was carried by Dr. L. W oltjer. The Local Committee, composed of Drs. W. Becker, U. W. Steinlin, R. P. Fenkart, and G. A. Tammann, made every effort to secure the success of the Symposium. Most of the credit goes to Dr. Steinlin. The Symposium was supported financially by the IAU and by the Swiss National Science Foundation. The meetings took place at the University of Basel, which provided also secretarial help and many other facilities.