Download or read book From People to Entities New Semantic Search Paradigms for the Web written by G. Demartini and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2014-01-07 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exponential growth of digital information available in companies and on the Web creates the need for search tools that can respond to the most sophisticated information needs. Many user tasks would be simplified if Search Engines would support typed search, and return entities instead of just Web documents. For example, an executive who tries to solve a problem needs to find people in the company who are knowledgeable about a certain topic._x000D_ In the first part of the book, we propose a model for expert finding based on the well-consolidated vector space model for Information Retrieval and investigate its effectiveness. In the second part of the book, we investigate different methods based on Semantic Web and Natural Language Processing techniques for ranking entities of different types both in Wikipedia and, generally, on the Web. _x000D_ In the third part of this thesis, we study the problem of Entity Retrieval for news applications and the importance of the news trail history (i.e., past related articles) to determine the relevant entities in current articles. We also study opinion evolution about entities: We propose a method for automatically extracting the public opinion about political candidates from the blogosphere.

Download or read book Semantic Search for Novel Information written by M. Färber and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2017-07-18 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, new approaches are presented for detecting and extracting simultaneously relevant and novel information from unstructured text documents. A major contribution of these approaches is that the information already provided and the extracted information are modeled semantically. This leads to the following benefits: (a) ambiguities in the language can be resolved; (b) the exact information needs regarding relevance and novelty can be specified; and (c) knowledge graphs can be incorporated. More specifically, this book presents the following scientific contributions: 1. An assessment of the suitability of existing large knowledge graphs (namely, DBpedia, Freebase, OpenCyc, Wikidata, and YAGO) for the task of detecting novel information in text documents. 2. A description of an approach by which emerging entities that are missing in a knowledge graph are detected in a stream of text documents. 3. A suggestion for an approach to extracting novel, relevant, semantically-structured statements from text documents. The developed approaches are suitable for the recommendation of emerging entities and novel statements respectively, for the purpose of knowledge graph population, and for providing assistance to users requiring novel information, such as journalists and technology scouts.

Download or read book Populating a Linked Data Entity Name System written by M. Kejriwal and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2016-12-09 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a graph-based data model used to publish data as a Web of Linked Data. RDF is an emergent foundation for large-scale data integration, the problem of providing a unified view over multiple data sources. An Entity Name System (ENS) is a thesaurus for entities, and is a crucial component in a data integration architecture. Populating a Linked Data ENS is equivalent to solving an Artificial Intelligence problem called instance matching, which concerns identifying pairs of entities referring to the same underlying entity. This publication presents an instance matcher with 4 properties, namely automation, heterogeneity, scalability and domain independence. Automation is addressed by employing inexpensive but well-performing heuristics to automatically generate a training set, which is employed by other machine learning algorithms in the pipeline. Data-driven alignment algorithms are adapted to deal with structural heterogeneity in RDF graphs. Domain independence is established by actively avoiding prior assumptions about input domains, and through evaluations on 10 RDF test cases. The full system is scaled by implementing it on cloud infrastructure using MapReduce algorithms. Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a graph-based data model used to publish data as a Web of Linked Data. RDF is an emergent foundation for large-scale data integration, the problem of providing a unified view over multiple data sources. An Entity Name System (ENS) is a thesaurus for entities, and is a crucial component in a data integration architecture. Populating a Linked Data ENS is equivalent to solving an Artificial Intelligence problem called instance matching, which concerns identifying pairs of entities referring to the same underlying entity. This publication presents an instance matcher with 4 properties, namely automation, heterogeneity, scalability and domain independence. Automation is addressed by employing inexpensive but well-performing heuristics to automatically generate a training set, which is employed by other machine learning algorithms in the pipeline. Data-driven alignment algorithms are adapted to deal with structural heterogeneity in RDF graphs. Domain independence is established by actively avoiding prior assumptions about input domains, and through evaluations on 10 RDF test cases. The full system is scaled by implementing it on cloud infrastructure using MapReduce algorithms.

Download or read book Probabilistic Semantic Web written by R. Zese and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2016-12-09 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The management of uncertainty in the Semantic Web is of foremost importance given the nature and origin of the available data. This book presents a probabilistic semantics for knowledge bases, DISPONTE, which is inspired by the distribution semantics of Probabilistic Logic Programming. The book also describes approaches for inference and learning. In particular, it discusses 3 reasoners and 2 learning algorithms. BUNDLE and TRILL are able to find explanations for queries and compute their probability with regard to DISPONTE KBs while TRILLP compactly represents explanations using a Boolean formula and computes the probability of queries. The system EDGE learns the parameters of axioms of DISPONTE KBs. To reduce the computational cost, EDGEMR performs distributed parameter learning. LEAP learns both the structure and parameters of KBs, with LEAPMR using EDGEMR for reducing the computational cost. The algorithms provide effective techniques for dealing with uncertain KBs and have been widely tested on various datasets and compared with state of the art systems.

Download or read book Advances in Ontology Design and Patterns written by K. Hammar and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2017-12-27 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of patterns in the context of ontology engineering for the semantic web was pioneered more than a decade ago by Blomqvist, Sandkuhl and Gangemi. Since then, this line of research has flourished and led to the development of ontology design patterns, knowledge patterns, and linked data patterns: the patterns as they are known by ontology designers, knowledge engineers, and linked data publishers, respectively. A key characteristic of those patterns is that they are modular and reusable solutions to recurrent problems in ontology engineering and linked data publishing. This book contains recent contributions which advance the state of the art on theory and use of ontology design patterns. The papers collected in this book cover a range of topics, from a method to instantiate content patterns, a proposal on how to document a content pattern, to a number of patterns emerging in ontology modeling in various situations.

Download or read book Semantic Sentiment Analysis in Social Streams written by H. Saif and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2017-06-12 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microblogs and social media platforms are now considered among the most popular forms of online communication. Through a platform like Twitter, much information reflecting people’s opinions and attitudes is published and shared among users on a daily basis. This has recently brought great opportunities to companies interested in tracking and monitoring the reputation of their brands and businesses, and to policy makers and politicians to support their assessment of public opinions about their policies or political issues. A wide range of approaches to sentiment analysis on social media, have been recently built. Most of these approaches rely mainly on the presence of affect words or syntactic structures that explicitly and unambiguously reflect sentiment. However, these approaches are semantically weak, that is, they do not account for the semantics of words when detecting their sentiment in text. In order to address this problem, the author investigates the role of word semantics in sentiment analysis of microblogs. Specifically, Twitter is used as a case study of microblogging platforms to investigate whether capturing the sentiment of words with respect to their semantics leads to more accurate sentiment analysis models on Twitter. To this end, the author proposes several approaches in this book for extracting and incorporating two types of word semantics for sentiment analysis: contextual semantics (i.e., semantics captured from words’ co-occurrences) and conceptual semantics (i.e., semantics extracted from external knowledge sources). Experiments are conducted with both types of semantics by assessing their impact in three popular sentiment analysis tasks on Twitter; entity-level sentiment analysis, tweet-level sentiment analysis and context-sensitive sentiment lexicon adaptation. The findings from this body of work demonstrate the value of using semantics in sentiment analysis on Twitter. The proposed approaches, which consider word semantics for sentiment analysis at both entity and tweet levels, surpass non-semantic approaches in most evaluation scenarios. This book will be of interest to students, researchers and practitioners in the semantic sentiment analysis field.

Download or read book Semantic Web Enabled Software Engineering written by J.Z. Pan and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2014-07-16 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, ontology has become an important modeling component in software engineering. Semantic Web Enabled Software Engineering presents some critical findings on opening a new direction of the research of Software Engineering, by exploiting Semantic Web technologies. Most of these findings are from selected papers from the Semantic Web Enabled Software Engineering (SWESE) series of workshops starting from 2005. Edited by two leading researchers, this advanced text presents a unifying and contemporary perspective on the field. The book integrates in one volume a unified perspective on concepts and theories of connecting Software Engineering and Semantic Web. It presents state-of-the-art techniques on how to use Semantic Web technologies in Software Engineering and introduces techniques on how to design ontologies for Software Engineering.

Download or read book Semantic and Fuzzy Modelling for Human Behaviour Recognition in Smart Spaces written by N. Díaz Rodríguez and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2016-06-08 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major limitations of the Ambient Intelligent Systems today is the lack of semantic models of those activities on the environment, so that the system can recognize the specific activity being performed by the user(s) and act accordingly. In this context, this thesis addresses the general problem of knowledge representation in Smart Spaces. The main objective is to develop knowledge-based models, equipped with semantics to learn, infer and monitor human behaviours in Smart Spaces. Moreover, it is easy to recognize that some aspects of this problem have a high degree of uncertainty, and therefore, the developed models must be equipped with mechanisms to manage this type of information. As an added value, this system should be sufficiently simple and flexible to be managed by non-expert users, and thus, facilitate the transfer of research to industry. To do this, we develop graphical models to represent human behaviour in Smart Spaces, in order to provide them with more usability in the final application. As a result, human behaviour recognition can help assisting people with special needs such as independent elders, in remote rehabilitation monitoring, industrial process guidelines, and many other cases.

Download or read book Publishing and Consuming Linked Data written by L. Rietveld and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2016-03-22 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation addresses several problems in the context of publishing and consuming Linked Data. It describes these problems from the perspectives of three stakeholders: the Linked Data provider, developer and scientist. The Linked Data provider is faced with impractical data re-use and costly Linked Data hosting solutions. Developers face difficulties in finding, navigating and using Linked Datasets. Scientists lack the resources and methods to evaluate their work on Linked Data at large. This dissertation presents a number of novel approaches that address these issues, such as: - The LOD Laundromat: a centralized service that re-publishes cleaned, queryable and structurally annotated Linked Datasets. In 2015 the Laundromat was awarded first prize in the Dutch national Linked Open Data competition, and third prize in the European equivalent; - SampLD: A relevance-based sampling algorithm that enables publishers to decrease Linked Data hosting costs; - YASGUI: A feature-rich query editor for accessing SPARQL endpoints; - LOD Lab: An evaluation paradigm that enables scientists to increase the breadth and scale of their Linked Data evaluations. This work provides a unique overview of problems related to publishing and consuming Linked Data. The novel approaches presented here improve the state-of-the-art for Linked Data publishers, developers and scientists, and are a step towards a web of Linked Data that is more accessible and technically scalable.

Download or read book The Semantic Web in Earth and Space Science Current Status and Future Directions written by T. Narock and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2015-07-14 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The geosciences are one of the fields leading the way in advancing semantic technologies. This book continues the dialogue and feedback between the geoscience and semantic web communities. Increasing data volumes within the geosciences makes it no longer practical to copy data and perform local analysis. Hypotheses are now being tested through online tools that combine and mine pools of data. This evolution in the way research is conducted is commonly referred to as e-Science. As e-Science has flourished, the barriers to free and open access to data have been lowered and the need for semantics has been heighted. As the volume, complexity, and heterogeneity of data resources grow, geoscientists are creating new capabilities that rely on semantic approaches. Geoscience researchers are actively working toward a research environment of software tools and interfaces to data archives and services with the goals of full-scale semantic integration beginning to take shape. The members of this emerging semantic e-Science community are increasingly in need of semantic-based methodologies, tools and infrastructure. A feedback system between the geo- and computational sciences is forming. Advances in knowledge modeling, logic-based hypothesis checking, semantic data integration, and knowledge discovery are leading to advances in scientific domains, which in turn are validating semantic approaches and pointing to new research directions. We present mature semantic applications within the geosciences and stimulate discussion on emerging challenges and new research directions.

Download or read book Perspectives on Ontology Learning written by J. Lehmann and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2014-04-03 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perspectives on Ontology Learning brings together researchers and practitioners from different communities − natural language processing, machine learning, and the semantic web − in order to give an interdisciplinary overview of recent advances in ontology learning. Starting with a comprehensive introduction to the theoretical foundations of ontology learning methods, the edited volume presents the state-of-the-start in automated knowledge acquisition and maintenance. It outlines future challenges in this area with a special focus on technologies suitable for pushing the boundaries beyond the creation of simple taxonomical structures, as well as on problems specifically related to knowledge modeling and representation using the Web Ontology Language. Perspectives on Ontology Learning is designed for researchers in the field of semantic technologies and developers of knowledge-based applications. It covers various aspects of ontology learning including ontology quality, user interaction, scalability, knowledge acquisition from heterogeneous sources, as well as the integration with ontology engineering methodologies.

Download or read book Querying a Web of Linked Data written by O. Hartig and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2016-04-26 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, an increasing number of organizations and individuals have contributed to the Semantic Web by publishing data according to the Linked Data principles. In addition, a significant body of Semantic Web research exists that studies various aspects of knowledge representation and automated reasoning over collections of such data. However, a challenge that is crucial for achieving the vision of a Semantic Web – but that has not yet been studied to a comparable extent – is to enable automated software agents to operate directly on decentralized Linked Data that is distributed over the WWW. In particular, fundamental questions related to querying this data on the WWW have received very limited research attention. This book contributes towards filling this gap by studying the foundations of declarative queries over Linked Data on the WWW. Our particular focus in this book are approaches to use the SPARQL query language and execute queries by traversing Linked Data live during the query execution process. More specifically, we first provide formal foundations to adapt SPARQL to the given context. Thereafter, we use an abstract machine model to formally show computational feasibility and related properties of the resulting types of SPARQL queries. Additionally, we investigate fundamental properties of applying the traversal-based approach to query execution that is tailored to the use case of querying Linked Data directly on the WWW.

Download or read book Reasoning Techniques for the Web of Data written by A. Hogan and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2014-04-09 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linked Data publishing has brought about a novel “Web of Data”: a wealth of diverse, interlinked, structured data published on the Web. These Linked Datasets are described using the Semantic Web standards and are openly available to all, produced by governments, businesses, communities and academia alike. However, the heterogeneity of such data – in terms of how resources are described and identified – poses major challenges to potential consumers. Herein, we examine use cases for pragmatic, lightweight reasoning techniques that leverage Web vocabularies (described in RDFS and OWL) to better integrate large scale, diverse, Linked Data corpora. We take a test corpus of 1.1 billion RDF statements collected from 4 million RDF Web documents and analyse the use of RDFS and OWL therein. We then detail and evaluate scalable and distributed techniques for applying rule-based materialisation to translate data between different vocabularies, and to resolve coreferent resources that talk about the same thing. We show how such techniques can be made robust in the face of noisy and often impudent Web data. We also examine a use case for incorporating a PagerRank-style algorithm to rank the trustworthiness of facts produced by reasoning, subsequently using those ranks to fix formal contradictions in the data. All of our methods are validated against our real world, large scale, open domain, Linked Data evaluation corpus.

Download or read book Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns Foundations and Applications written by P. Hitzler and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of ontologies for data and knowledge organization has become ubiquitous in many data-intensive and knowledge-driven application areas, in science, industry, and the humanities. At the same time, ontology engineering best practices continue to evolve. In particular, modular ontology modeling based on ontology design patterns is establishing itself as an approach for creating versatile and extendable ontologies for data management and integration. This book is the very first comprehensive treatment of Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns. It contains both advanced and introductory material accessible for readers with only a minimal background in ontology modeling. Some introductory material is written in the style of tutorials, and specific chapters are devoted to examples and to applications. Other chapters convey the state of the art in research regarding ontology design patterns. The editors and the contributing authors include the leading contributors to the development of ontology-design-pattern-driven ontology engineering.

Download or read book Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing written by Guodong Zhou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second CCF Conference on Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing, NLPCC 2013, held in Chongqing, China, during November 2013. The 31 revised full papers presented together with three keynote talks and 13 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 203 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on fundamentals on language computing; applications on language computing; machine learning for NLP; machine translation and multi-lingual information access; NLP for social media and web mining, knowledge acquisition; NLP for search technology and ads; NLP fundamentals; NLP applications; NLP for social media.

Download or read book Entity Oriented Search written by Krisztian Balog and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-02 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book covers all facets of entity-oriented search—where “search” can be interpreted in the broadest sense of information access—from a unified point of view, and provides a coherent and comprehensive overview of the state of the art. It represents the first synthesis of research in this broad and rapidly developing area. Selected topics are discussed in-depth, the goal being to establish fundamental techniques and methods as a basis for future research and development. Additional topics are treated at a survey level only, containing numerous pointers to the relevant literature. A roadmap for future research, based on open issues and challenges identified along the way, rounds out the book. The book is divided into three main parts, sandwiched between introductory and concluding chapters. The first two chapters introduce readers to the basic concepts, provide an overview of entity-oriented search tasks, and present the various types and sources of data that will be used throughout the book. Part I deals with the core task of entity ranking: given a textual query, possibly enriched with additional elements or structural hints, return a ranked list of entities. This core task is examined in a number of different variants, using both structured and unstructured data collections, and numerous query formulations. In turn, Part II is devoted to the role of entities in bridging unstructured and structured data. Part III explores how entities can enable search engines to understand the concepts, meaning, and intent behind the query that the user enters into the search box, and how they can provide rich and focused responses (as opposed to merely a list of documents)—a process known as semantic search. The final chapter concludes the book by discussing the limitations of current approaches, and suggesting directions for future research. Researchers and graduate students are the primary target audience of this book. A general background in information retrieval is sufficient to follow the material, including an understanding of basic probability and statistics concepts as well as a basic knowledge of machine learning concepts and supervised learning algorithms.

Download or read book Data Mining Foundations and Intelligent Paradigms written by Dawn E. Holmes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-09 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many invaluable books available on data mining theory and applications. However, in compiling a volume titled “DATA MINING: Foundations and Intelligent Paradigms: Volume 1: Clustering, Association and Classification” we wish to introduce some of the latest developments to a broad audience of both specialists and non-specialists in this field.