Download or read book Freezing of Lakes and the Evolution of Their Ice Cover written by Matti Leppäranta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-05 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book updates the first edition for the status of knowledge in the physics of lake ice and the interactions between the ice cover and the liquid water underneath. Since the first edition was written in 2013, there has been a lot of progress in the field, in particular concerning environmental questions and the impact of climate change. Life conditions in ice-covered lakes and practical matters are now brought more into the picture so that the revision also properly serves as a handbook for applications. The author has worked widely with boreal lakes, polar lakes and Central Asian lakes that provides a wide geographical spectrum. Chapter 1 gives a brief overview and presents the research fields. The second chapter contains the classification of ice-covered lakes and observation techniques, especially remote sensing. In Chapter 3, the structure and properties of lake ice are presented including optics and geochemistry. Ice growth and melting are treated in Chapter 4, while the following chapter focuses on ice mechanics with applications to traffic on ice and ice loads. Chapter 6 goes into the exotic environment of pro-glacial lakes. Chapter 7 contains the stratification and circulation of the water body beneath lake ice, Chapter 8 presents the winter ecology of freezing lakes and discusses the lake ice interface toward the society, and Chapter 9 summarizes the climate change impact on lake ice seasons. The book ends into a brief closing chapter and list of references. Research problems for student learning are listed throughout the book. Annexes are included to provide numerical data of constants and standard formulae to help practical calculations and student tasks. Lake ice closely interacts with human living conditions, but people have learnt to live with that and to utilize the ice. In the present time this is true for on-ice traffic and recreation activities. Ice fishing has become a widely enjoyed hobby, and winter sports such as skiing, skating, and ice sailing are popular activities on frozen lakes. The lake ice response to eventual climate warming would appear as a shortening of the ice season due to the increasing air temperature and also as changing of the quality of the ice seasons via changes in ice thickness and structure. The book gives the whole story of lake ice into a single volume. The second, revised edition updates the content based on recent progress in winter limnology and ice physics research and applications. The author has contributed to lake ice research since the 1980s. In particular, his topics have been lake ice structure and thermodynamics, light transfer in ice and snow, ice mechanics in large lakes, and lake ice climatology. Mathematical modeling of ice growth, drift, and decay are covered in this research.
Download or read book Great Lakes Ice Cover Winter 1969 70 written by Donald R. Rondy and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Great Lakes Ice Cover Winter 1973 74 written by Raymond A. Assel and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Great Lakes Ice Cover Winter 1968 69 written by Donald R. Rondy and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Great Lakes Ice Cover Winter 1975 76 written by George A. Leshkevich and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Great Lakes Ice Cover Winter 1966 67 written by Donald R. Rondy and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Growth History of Lake Ice in Relation to Its Stratigraphic Crystalline and Mechanical Structure written by Anthony Jack Gow and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Great Lakes Ice Cover Winter 1974 75 written by George A. Leshkevich and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Frozen Earth written by Doug Macdougall and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2013-02-15 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this engrossing and accessible book, Doug Macdougall explores the causes and effects of ice ages that have gripped our planet throughout its history, from the earliest known glaciation—nearly three billion years ago—to the present. Following the development of scientific ideas about these dramatic events, Macdougall traces the lives of many of the brilliant and intriguing characters who have contributed to the evolving understanding of how ice ages come about. As it explains how the great Pleistocene Ice Age has shaped the earth's landscape and influenced the course of human evolution, Frozen Earth also provides a fascinating look at how science is done, how the excitement of discovery drives scientists to explore and investigate, and how timing and chance play a part in the acceptance of new scientific ideas. Macdougall describes the awesome power of cataclysmic floods that marked the melting of the glaciers of the Pleistocene Ice Age. He probes the chilling evidence for "Snowball Earth," an episode far back in the earth's past that may have seen our planet encased in ice from pole to pole. He discusses the accumulating evidence from deep-sea sediment cores, as well as ice cores from Greenland and the Antarctic, that suggests fast-changing ice age climates may have directly impacted the evolution of our species and the course of human migration and civilization. Frozen Earth also chronicles how the concept of the ice age has gripped the imagination of scientists for almost two centuries. It offers an absorbing consideration of how current studies of Pleistocene climate may help us understand earth's future climate changes, including the question of when the next glacial interval will occur.
Download or read book Compilation of Freezing and Thawing Dates for Lakes in North Central United States and Canada written by Robert A. Ragotzkie and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book River and Lake Ice Engineering written by George D. Ashton and published by Water Resources Publication. This book was released on 1986 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Life in Antarctic Deserts and other Cold Dry Environments written by Peter T. Doran and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-29 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The McMurdo Dry Valleys form the largest relatively ice-free area on the Antarctic continent. The perennially ice-covered lakes, ephemeral streams and extensive areas of exposed soil are subject to low temperatures, limited precipitation and salt accumulation. The dry valleys thus represent a region where life approaches its environmental limits. This unique ecosystem has been studied for several decades as an analog to environments on other planets, particularly Mars. For the first time, the detailed terrestrial research of the dry valleys is brought together here, presented from an astrobiological perspective. Chapters include a discussion on the history of research in the valleys, a geological background of the valleys, setting them up as analogs for Mars, followed by chapters on the various sub-environments in the valleys such as lakes, glaciers and soils. Includes concluding chapters on biodiversity and other analog environments on Earth.
Download or read book Great Lakes Ice Cover Winter written by United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Lake Survey District and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Temperature Structure of a Mid latitude Dimictic Lake During Freezing Ice Cover and Thawing written by W. H. Parrott and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The temperature structure of Post Pond, a small (46.6 hectares), mid-latitude, dimictic lake in west-central New Hampshire, was studied during autumn, winter and spring of 1968-1969. The lake was instrumented over its maximum depth (11.7 m) with a string of 24 thermocouples which recorded hourly temperatures. Temperatures in 9 m of sediments underlying the lake were measured with a thermistor probe. Secondary and tertiary thermocline development in the epilimnion occurred during short warming periods in the early autumn. The autumn overturn lasted 25 days, whereas the spring overturn lasted only 4 days. The entire lake mixed isothermally in the autumn to 3.2C. During the period of ice cover, the lower 5 m of water gained approximately 51.5 cal/sq cm, which was supplied by stored heat in the bottom sediments. A steady-state thermal gradient of 0.07C/m was found for the deeper sediments underlying the lake during ice cover. Late winter cooling of bottom water under the ice cover may be the result of snowmelt in areas adjacent to the lake causing activation of groundwater influx. Melting of the clear ice portion of the ice cover was primarily the result of heat supplied to the lake from snowmelt water, and occurred on the underside of the ice sheet. Thermal instability of the water mass persisted for 9 days during peak snowmelt runoff; this can be partially explained by an increase in dissolved solids with depth. (Author).
Download or read book Great Lakes Ice Cover First Ice Last Ice and Ice Duration written by Raymond A. Assel and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Investigation of a Perennially Frozen Lake written by David Fitz Barnes and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perennially-frozen Angiussaq Lake, Greenland was examined in 1957 to determine the strength of its midsummer ice cover and the causes of its perennially-frozen conditions. The lake, largest within a 100-mi radius of Thule Air Base, is formed by ice-cap damming of a valley 200 m deep, and has an elevation of 590 m. Water temperatures ranged from 0.1 to 0.7 C and showed that summertime mixing is sufficient to maintain nearly isothermal conditions. Fish, phytoplankton, AND CHIRONOMID LIFE WERE FOUND IN THE LAKE WATER. At the end of the 1957 summer, more than 90% of the lake surface was covered by ice averaging 1.5 m in thickness. Variations in melting rate have caused a gently rolling surface that might be smoothed by flooding or scraping. In-place cantilever beam tests showed that the upper half meter of ice had almost no strength but that the lower portion maintained sufficient strength to support heavy loads throughout the summer. A tongue of glacier ice floating in the lake has a thickness of about 100 m and a length of about 3 km. Five smaller ice islands have thicknesses of more than 5 m and are believed to form where snow accumulation exceeds ablation. (Author).
Download or read book Great Lakes Ice Cover Winter 1962 63 and 1963 64 written by Donald R. Rondy and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
