Download or read book Fractal and Trans scale Nature of Entropy written by Diogo Queiros Conde and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-16 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fractal and Trans-scale Nature of Entropy: Towards a Geometrization of Thermodynamics develops a new vision for entropy in thermodynamics by proposing a new method to geometrize. It investigates how this approach can accommodate a large number of very different physical systems, going from combustion and turbulence towards cosmology. As an example, a simple interpretation of the Hawking entropy in black-hole physics is provided. In the life sciences, entropy appears as the driving element for the organization of systems. This book demonstrates this fact using simple pedagogical tools, thus showing that entropy cannot be interpreted as a basic measure of disorder. Develop a new vision of entropy in thermodynamics Study the concept of entropy Propose a simple interpretation the entropy of Hawking Demonstrate entropy as a measure of energy dispersal

Download or read book Self Organization as a New Paradigm in Evolutionary Biology written by Anne Dambricourt Malassé and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-04 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The epistemological synthesis of the various theories of evolution, since the first formulation in 1802 with the transmission of the inherited characters by J.B. Lamarck, shows the need for an alternative synthesis to that of Princeton (1947). This new synthesis integrates the scientific models of self-organization developed during the second half of the 20th century based on the laws of physics, thermodynamics, and mathematics with the emergent evolutionary problematics such as self-organized memory. This book shows, how self-organization is integrated in modern evolutionary biology. It is divided in two parts: The first part pays attention to the modern observations in paleontology and biology, which include major theoreticians of the self-organization (d’Arcy Thompson, Henri Bergson, René Thom, Ilya Prigogine). The second part presents different emergent evolutionary models including the sciences of complexity, the non-linear dynamical systems, fractals, attractors, epigenesis, systemics, and mesology with different examples of the sciences of complexity and self-organization as observed in the human lineage, from both internal (embryogenesis-morphogenesis) and external (mesology) viewpoints.

Download or read book Fractals written by Behzad Ghanbarian and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-23 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides theoretical concepts and applications of fractals and multifractals to a broad range of audiences from various scientific communities, such as petroleum, chemical, civil and environmental engineering, atmospheric research, and hydrology. In the first chapter, we introduce fractals and multifractals from physics and math viewpoints. We then discuss theory and practical applications in detail. In what follows, in chapter 2, fragmentation process is modeled using fractals. Fragmentation is the breaking of aggregates into smaller pieces or fragments, a typical phenomenon in nature. In chapter 3, the advantages and disadvantages of two- and three-phase fractal models are discussed in detail. These two kinds of approach have been widely applied in the literature to model different characteristics of natural phenomena. In chapter 4, two- and three-phase fractal techniques are used to develop capillary pressure curve models, which characterize pore-size distribution of porous media. Percolation theory provides a theoretical framework to model flow and transport in disordered networks and systems. Therefore, following chapter 4, in chapter 5 the fractal basis of percolation theory and its applications in surface and subsurface hydrology are discussed. In chapter 6, fracture networks are shown to be modeled using fractal approaches. Chapter 7 provides different applications of fractals and multifractals to petrophysics and relevant area in petroleum engineering. In chapter 8, we introduce the practical advantages of fractals and multifractals in geostatistics at large scales, which have broad applications in stochastic hydrology and hydrogeology. Multifractals have been also widely applied to model atmospheric characteristics, such as precipitation, temperature, and cloud shape. In chapter 9, these kinds of properties are addressed using multifractals. At watershed scales, river networks have been shown to follow fractal behavior. Therefore, the applications of fractals are addressed in chapter 10. Time series analysis has been under investigations for several decades in physics, hydrology, atmospheric research, civil engineering, and water resources. In chapter 11, we therefore, provide fractal, multifractal, multifractal detrended fluctuation analyses, which can be used to study temporal characterization of a phenomenon, such as flow discharge at a specific location of a river. Chapter 12 addresses signals and again time series using a novel fractal Fourier analysis. In chapter 13, we discuss constructal theory, which has a perspective opposite to fractal theories, and is based on optimizationof diffusive exchange. In the case of river drainages, for example, the constructal approach begins at the divide and generates headwater streams first, rather than starting from the fundamental drainage pattern.

Download or read book 12th Chaotic Modeling and Simulation International Conference written by Christos H. Skiadas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-07 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gathering the proceedings of the 12th CHAOS2019 International Conference, this book highlights recent developments in nonlinear, dynamical and complex systems. The conference was intended to provide an essential forum for Scientists and Engineers to exchange ideas, methods, and techniques in the field of Nonlinear Dynamics, Chaos, Fractals and their applications in General Science and the Engineering Sciences. The respective chapters address key methods, empirical data and computer techniques, as well as major theoretical advances in the applied nonlinear field. Beyond showcasing the state of the art, the book will help academic and industrial researchers alike apply chaotic theory in their studies.

Download or read book Fractal Dimensions of Networks written by Eric Rosenberg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-07 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current interest in fractal dimensions of networks is the result of more than a century of previous research on dimensions. Fractal Dimensions of Networks ties the theory and methods for computing fractal dimensions of networks to the “classic” theory of dimensions of geometric objects. The goal of the book is to provide a unified treatment of fractal dimensions of sets and networks. Since almost all of the major concepts in fractal dimensions originated in the study of sets, the book achieves this goal by first clearly presenting, with an abundance of examples and illustrations, the theory and algorithms for sets, and then showing how the theory and algorithms have been applied to networks. Thus, the book presents the classical theory and algorithms for the box counting dimension for sets, and then presents the box counting dimension for networks. All the major fractal dimensions are studied, e.g., the correlation dimension, the information dimension, the Hausdorff dimension, the multifractal spectrum, as well as many lesser known dimensions. Algorithm descriptions are accompanied by worked examples, many applications of the methods are presented, and many exercises, ranging in difficulty from easy to research level, are included.

Download or read book Machine Learning and Intelligent Communications written by Xiaolin Jiang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-17 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Machine Learning and Intelligent Communications, MLICOM 2021, held in November 2021. Due to COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held virtually. The 28 revised full papers were carefully selected from 58 submissions. The papers are organized thematically in tracks as follows: internet of vehicle communication system; applications of neural network and deep learning; intelligent massive MIMO communications; intelligent positioning and navigation systems; intelligent space and terrestrial integrated networks; machine learning algorithms and intelligent networks; image information processing.

Download or read book Scale Space Theories in Computer Vision written by Mads Nielsen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-06-26 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Scale-Space Theories in Computer Vision, Scale-Space'99, held in Corfu, Greece, in September 1999. The 36 revised full papers and the 18 revised posters presented in the book were carefully reviewed and selected from 66 high-quality submissions. The book addresses all current aspects of this young and active field, in particular geometric Image flows, nonlinear diffusion, functional minimization, linear scale-space, etc.

Download or read book The Nature of Motive Force written by Achintya Kumar Pramanick and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-23 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this monograph Prof. Pramanick explicates the law of motive force, a fundamental law of nature that can be observed and appreciated as an addition to the existing laws of thermodynamics. This unmistakable and remarkable tendency of nature is equally applicable to all other branches of studies. He first conceptualized the law of motive force in 1989, when he was an undergraduate student. Here he reports various applications of the law in the area of thermodynamics, heat transfer, fluid mechanics and solid mechanics, and shows how it is possible to solve analytically century-old unsolved problems through its application. This book offers a comprehensive account of the law and its relation to other laws and principles, such as the generalized conservation principle, variational formulation, Fermat’s principle, Bejan’s constructal law, entropy generation minimization, Bejan’s method of intersecting asymptotes and equipartition principle. Furthermore, the author addresses some interrelated fundamental problems of contemporary interest, especially to thermodynamicists, by combining analytical methods, physical reasoning and the proposed law of motive force. This foundational work is a valuable reading for both students and researchers in exact as well as non-exact sciences and, at the same time, a pleasant learning experience for the novice.

Download or read book Nature s Patterns and the Fractional Calculus written by Bruce J. West and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-09-11 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complexity increases with increasing system size in everything from organisms to organizations. The nonlinear dependence of a system’s functionality on its size, by means of an allometry relation, is argued to be a consequence of their joint dependency on complexity (information). In turn, complexity is proven to be the source of allometry and to provide a new kind of force entailed by a system‘s information gradient. Based on first principles, the scaling behavior of the probability density function is determined by the exact solution to a set of fractional differential equations. The resulting lowest order moments in system size and functionality gives rise to the empirical allometry relations. Taking examples from various topics in nature, the book is of interest to researchers in applied mathematics, as well as, investigators in the natural, social, physical and life sciences. Contents Complexity Empirical allometry Statistics, scaling and simulation Allometry theories Strange kinetics Fractional probability calculus

Download or read book Dynamical Systems written by José A. Tenreiro Machado and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Entropy

Download or read book Recent Trends in the Condition Monitoring of Transformers written by Sivaji Chakravorti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-21 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Trends in the Condition Monitoring of Transformers reflects the current interest in replacing traditional techniques used in power transformer condition monitoring with non-invasive measures such as polarization/depolarization current measurement, recovery voltage measurement, frequency domain spectroscopy and frequency response analysis. The book stresses the importance of scrutinizing the condition of transformer insulation which may fail under present day conditions of intensive use with the resulting degradation of dielectric properties causing functional failure of the transformer. The text shows the reader how to overcome the key challenges facing today’s maintenance policies, namely: The selection of appropriate techniques for dealing with each type of failure process accounting for the needs of plant owners, plant users and wider society; and Cost-efficiency and durability of effect. Many of the failure-management methods presented rely on the fact that most failures give warning when they are imminent. These potential failures give rise to identifiable physical conditions and the novel approaches described detect them so that action can be taken to avoid degeneration into full-blown functional failure. This “on-condition” maintenance means that equipment can be left in service as long as a specified set of performance standards continue to be met, avoiding the costly downtime imposed by routine and perhaps unnecessary maintenance but without risking equally expensive failure. Recent Trends in the Condition Monitoring of Transformers will be of considerable interest to both academic researchers in power systems and to engineers working in the power generation and distribution industry showing how new and more efficient methods of fault diagnosis and condition management can increase transformer efficiency and cut costs.

Download or read book Advances in Multimedia Modeling written by Tat-Jen Cham and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-07-07 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two volume set LNCS 4351 and LNCS 4352 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Multimedia Modeling Conference, MMM 2007, held in Singapore in January 2007. Based on rigorous reviewing, the program committee selected 123 carefully revised full papers of the main technical sessions and 33 revised full papers of four special sessions from a total of 392 submissions for presentation in two volumes.

Download or read book Computational Modeling in Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics written by Alexandru Morega and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical and numerical modelling of engineering problems in medicine is aimed at unveiling and understanding multidisciplinary interactions and processes and providing insights useful to clinical care and technology advances for better medical equipment and systems. When modelling medical problems, the engineer is confronted with multidisciplinary problems of electromagnetism, heat and mass transfer, and structural mechanics with, possibly, different time and space scales, which may raise concerns in formulating consistent, solvable mathematical models. Computational Medical Engineering presents a number of engineering for medicine problems that may be encountered in medical physics, procedures, diagnosis and monitoring techniques, including electrical activity of the heart, hemodynamic activity monitoring, magnetic drug targeting, bioheat models and thermography, RF and microwave hyperthermia, ablation, EMF dosimetry, and bioimpedance methods. The authors discuss the core approach methodology to pose and solve different problems of medical engineering, including essentials of mathematical modelling (e.g., criteria for well-posed problems); physics scaling (homogenization techniques); Constructal Law criteria in morphing shape and structure of systems with internal flows; computational domain construction (CAD and, or reconstruction techniques based on medical images); numerical modelling issues, and validation techniques used to ascertain numerical simulation results. In addition, new ideas and venues to investigate and understand finer scale models and merge them into continuous media medical physics are provided as case studies. - Presents the fundamentals of mathematical and numerical modeling of engineering problems in medicine - Discusses many of the most common modelling scenarios for Biomedical Engineering, including, electrical activity of the heart hemodynamic activity monitoring, magnetic drug targeting, bioheat models and thermography, RF and microwave hyperthermia, ablation, EMF dosimetry, and bioimpedance methods - Includes discussion of the core approach methodology to pose and solve different problems of medical engineering, including essentials of mathematical modelling, physics scaling, Constructal Law criteria in morphing shape and structure of systems with internal flows, computational domain construction, numerical modelling issues, and validation techniques used to ascertain numerical simulation results

Download or read book Advances in Natural Computation Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery written by Ning Xiong and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-29 with total page 1527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of papers on the recent progresses in the state of the art in natural computation, fuzzy systems, and knowledge discovery. The book is useful for researchers, including professors, graduate students, as well as R & D staff in the industry, with a general interest in natural computation, fuzzy systems, and knowledge discovery. The work printed in this book was presented at the 2022 18th International Conference on Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems, and Knowledge Discovery (ICNC-FSKD 2022), held from 30 July to 1 August 2022, in Fuzhou, China. All papers were rigorously peer-reviewed by experts in the areas.

Download or read book The New Frontier of Network Physiology From Temporal Dynamics to the Synchronization and Principles of Integration in Networks of Physiological Systems written by Plamen Ch. Ivanov and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-17 with total page 842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nonlinear Analysis in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research written by Tobias A. Mattei and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-10-31 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although nonlinear dynamics have been mastered by physicists and mathematicians for a long time (as most physical systems are inherently nonlinear in nature), the recent successful application of nonlinear methods to modeling and predicting several evolutionary, ecological, physiological, and biochemical processes has generated great interest and enthusiasm among researchers in computational neuroscience and cognitive psychology. Additionally, in the last years it has been demonstrated that nonlinear analysis can be successfully used to model not only basic cellular and molecular data but also complex cognitive processes and behavioral interactions. The theoretical features of nonlinear systems (such unstable periodic orbits, period-doubling bifurcations and phase space dynamics) have already been successfully applied by several research groups to analyze the behavior of a variety of neuronal and cognitive processes. Additionally the concept of strange attractors has lead to a new understanding of information processing which considers higher cognitive functions (such as language, attention, memory and decision making) as complex systems emerging from the dynamic interaction between parallel streams of information flowing between highly interconnected neuronal clusters organized in a widely distributed circuit and modulated by key central nodes. Furthermore, the paradigm of self-organization derived from the nonlinear dynamics theory has offered an interesting account of the phenomenon of emergence of new complex cognitive structures from random and non-deterministic patterns, similarly to what has been previously observed in nonlinear studies of fluid dynamics. Finally, the challenges of coupling massive amount of data related to brain function generated from new research fields in experimental neuroscience (such as magnetoencephalography, optogenetics and single-cell intra-operative recordings of neuronal activity) have generated the necessity of new research strategies which incorporate complex pattern analysis as an important feature of their algorithms. Up to now nonlinear dynamics has already been successfully employed to model both basic single and multiple neurons activity (such as single-cell firing patterns, neural networks synchronization, autonomic activity, electroencephalographic measurements, and noise modulation in the cerebellum), as well as higher cognitive functions and complex psychiatric disorders. Similarly, previous experimental studies have suggested that several cognitive functions can be successfully modeled with basis on the transient activity of large-scale brain networks in the presence of noise. Such studies have demonstrated that it is possible to represent typical decision-making paradigms of neuroeconomics by dynamic models governed by ordinary differential equations with a finite number of possibilities at the decision points and basic heuristic rules which incorporate variable degrees of uncertainty. This e-book has include frontline research in computational neuroscience and cognitive psychology involving applications of nonlinear analysis, especially regarding the representation and modeling of complex neural and cognitive systems. Several experts teams around the world have provided frontline theoretical and experimental contributions (as well as reviews, perspectives and commentaries) in the fields of nonlinear modeling of cognitive systems, chaotic dynamics in computational neuroscience, fractal analysis of biological brain data, nonlinear dynamics in neural networks research, nonlinear and fuzzy logics in complex neural systems, nonlinear analysis of psychiatric disorders and dynamic modeling of sensorimotor coordination. Rather than a comprehensive compilation of the possible topics in neuroscience and cognitive research to which non-linear may be used, this e-book intends to provide some illustrative examples of the broad range of

Download or read book Fractal Geometry and Stochastics written by Christoph Bandt and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fractal geometry is a new and promising field for researchers from different disciplines such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and medicine. It is used to model complicated natural and technical phenomena. The most convincing models contain an element of randomness so that the combination of fractal geometry and stochastics arises in between these two fields. It contains contributions by outstanding mathematicians and is meant to highlight the principal directions of research in the area. The contributors were the main speakers attending the conference "Fractal Geometry and Stochastics" held at Finsterbergen, Germany, in June 1994. This was the first international conference ever to be held on the topic. The book is addressed to mathematicians and other scientists who are interested in the mathematical theory concerning: • Fractal sets and measures • Iterated function systems • Random fractals • Fractals and dynamical systems, and • Harmonic analysis on fractals. The reader will be introduced to the most recent results in these subjects. Researchers and graduate students alike will benefit from the clear expositions.